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A4 Network Laser Printer
EPSON EPL-N1600
®
4009770
Notice
All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION. All effort have been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this manual. However, should any errors be detected, SEIKO EPSON would greatly appreciate being informed of them. The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice. All effort have been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this manual. However, should any errors be detected, SEIKO EPSON would greatly appreciate being informed of them. The above not withstanding SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION can assume no responsibility for any errors in this manual or the consequences thereof.
EPSON is a registered trademark of SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION.
General Notice:
Other product names used herein are for identification purpose only and may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. EPSON disclaims any and all rights in those marks.
Copyright © 1998 SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION. Printed in Japan.
PRECAUTIONS
Precautionary notations throughout the text are categorized relative to 1)Personal injury and 2) damage to equipment.
DANGER
Signals a precaution which, if ignored, could result in serious or fatal personal injury. Great caution should be exercised in performing procedures preceded by DANGER Headings. Signals a precaution which, if ignored, could result in damage to equipment.
WARNING
The precautionary measures itemized below should always be observed when performing repair/maintenance procedures.
DANGER
1. ALWAYS DISCONNECT THE PRODUCT FROM THE POWER SOURCE AND PERIPHERAL DEVICES PERFORMING ANY MAINTENANCE OR REPAIR PROCEDURES. 2. NO WORK SHOULD BE PERFORMED ON THE UNIT BY PERSONS UNFAMILIAR WITH BASIC SAFETY MEASURES AS DICTATED FOR ALL ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS IN THEIR LINE OF WORK. 3. WHEN PERFORMING TESTING AS DICTATED WITHIN THIS MANUAL, DO NOT CONNECT THE UNIT TO A POWER SOURCE UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO. WHEN THE POWER SUPPLY CABLE MUST BE CONNECTED, USE EXTREME CAUTION IN WORKING ON POWER SUPPLY AND OTHER ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS.
WARNING
1. REPAIRS ON EPSON PRODUCT SHOULD BE PERFORMED ONLY BY AN EPSON CERTIFIED REPAIR TECHNICIAN. 2. MAKE CERTAIN THAT THE SOURCE VOLTAGES IS THE SAME AS THE RATED VOLTAGE, LISTED ON THE SERIAL NUMBER/ RATING PLATE. IF THE EPSON PRODUCT HAS A PRIMARY AC RATING DIFFERENT FROM AVAILABLE POWER SOURCE, DO NOT CONNECT IT TO THE POWER SOURCE. 3. ALWAYS VERIFY THAT THE EPSON PRODUCT HAS BEEN DISCONNECTED FROM THE POWER SOURCE BEFORE REMOVING OR REPLACING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS AND/OR INDIVIDUAL CHIPS. 4. IN ORDER TO PROTECT SENSITIVE MICROPROCESSORS AND CIRCUITRY, USE STATIC DISCHARGE EQUIPMENT, SUCH AS ANTI-STATIC WRIST STRAPS, WHEN ACCESSING INTERNAL COMPONENTS. 5. REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING COMPONENTS ONLY WITH THOSE COMPONENTS BY THE MANUFACTURE; INTRODUCTION OF SECOND-SOURCE ICs OR OTHER NONAPPROVED COMPONENTS MAY DAMAGE THE PRODUCT AND VOID ANY APPLICABLE
1.
EPSON WARRANTY.
About This Manual
This manual describes basic functions, theory of electrical and mechanical operations, maintenance and repair procedures of EPL-N1600. The instructions and procedures included herein are intended for the experienced repair technicians, and attention should be given to the precautions on the preceding page.
Contents
This manual consists of six chapters and Appendix. CHAPTER 1. PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS Provides a general overview and specifications of the product. CHAPTER 2. OPERATING PRINCIPLES Describes the theory of electrical and mechanical operations of the product. CHAPTER 3. TROUBLESHOOTING Provides the step-by-step procedures for troubleshooting. CHAPTER 4. DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY Describes the step-by-step procedures for disassembling and assembling the product. CHAPTER 5. ADJUSTMENTS Provides Epson-approved methods for adjustment. CHAPTER 6. MAINTENANCE Provides preventive maintenance procedures and the lists of Epson-approved lubricants and adhesives required for servicing the product. APPENDIX Provides the following additional information for reference: · Connector pin assignments · Electric circuit boards components layout · Exploded diagram · Electrical circuit boards schematics
Symbols Used in This Manual
Various symbols are used throughout this manual either to provide additional information on a specific topic or to warn of possible danger present during a procedure or an action. Be aware of all symbols when they are used, and always read WARNING, CAUTION or NOTE messages.
W A R N IN G
Indicates an operating or maintenance procedure, practice or condition that, if not strictly observed, could result in injury or loss of life. Indicates an operating or maintenance procedure, practice, or condition that, if not strictly observed, could result in damage to, or destruction of, equipment. May indicate an operating or maintenance procedure, practice or condition that is necessary to accomplish a task efficiently. It may also provide additional information that is related to a specific subject, or comment on the results achieved through a previous action.
C A U T IO N
C H E C K P O IN T
Safety Information
To prevent accidents during a maintenance procedure, strictly observe the Warnings and Cautions. Do not do anything that is dangerous or not within the scope of this document. Do not do anything that is dangerous even if not specifically described in this manual. In addition to the descriptions below and those given in this manual, there are many situations and circumstances that are dangerous. Be aware of these when you are working with the printer.
Safety Precautions
POWER SUPPLY AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS Before starting any service procedure, turn off the printer and unplug the power cord from the wall outlet. If you must service the printer when the power is applied, be aware of the potential for electrical shock and do all tasks by following the procedures in this manual.
W A R N IN G
Do not touch electrical components on the HPS unless you are instructed to do so by a service procedure.
MECHANICAL COMPONENTS If you service a driving assembly (e.g., gears), first turn off the power and unplug the power cord. Then manually rotate the assembly.
W A R N IN G
Safety Components
The printer is equipped with safety components (e.g., interlock switches, fuses, thermostat) and safety switches for protecting users and service personnel from injury and the equipment from damage.
Do not touch the driving part (e.g., gears) while the assembly (printer) is being driven.
Interlock Switch The interlock switch opens to interrupt +24VDC and +5V-LD (Laser diode drive) from the power supply circuit (HPS) to the controller circuit (C258MAIN) when the Cover Assy. Exit is open.
Warning/Caution Labels
WARNING and CAUTION labels are stuck on dangerous parts in the printer to make you aware of the potential dangers that are present when you are working with those parts. ROS ASSY. The laser beam used in this printer is invisible and it has a narrower frequency band and more coherent phases than any other light (sunlight, electric light). It has excellent monochromaticity and convergence. A thin laser beam reaches long distances. Because of its convergence characteristic, the laser beam converges into one point, causing high density and high temperature. A laser beam is harmful to the human body.
W A R N IN G
Do not expose yourself to the laser beam to prevent injury (blindness). Do not open the cover that has the laser beam warning label. If you disassemble or assemble the printer, turn off the power. If you need to work on the printer with power applied, strictly follow the instructions in this manual. Understand how the laser beam functions and take maximum precautions not to injure yourself or anyone around you.
FUSER ASSY. To prevent you from becoming injured or burned, do the following before working with a high temperature Assembly (e.g., Fuser Assembly):
turn off the printer. Unplug the power cord. Wait until it cools down. The high temperature Assembly is very hot immediately after any printer operations. Wait at least 40 minutes before you start working on the printer.
W A R N IN G
General Cautions
Some materials (e.g., Developer or Fuser Oil) may cause bodily injury. Do not swallow or inhale these materials or allow them to come in contact with the eyes. Help to protect those around you and follow the prohibitions against swallowing or inhaling those materials. Be careful to protect the eyes at all times. Place a sheet under the printer so that the floor or workbench is protected.
Revision Status
Revision
Rev. 0 Rev. A
Issued Date
August 17, 1998 October 30, 1998 First issue.
Description
Preliminary release. (intended for service training purpose only)
E P S O N E P L -N1 6 0 0
Table of Contents
Product Description
OVERVIEW .................................................................................................. 14 CONSUMABLES AND OPTIONS ........................................................... 14 SPECIFICATIONS........................................................................................ 15 ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS.................................................................... 15 PAPER SPECIFICATIONS ..................................................................... 16 CONTROLLER SPECIFICATIONS......................................................... 17 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS ........................................................... 18 CONSUMABLES..................................................................................... 18 OTHER SPECIFICATIONS..................................................................... 18 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS .................................................. 19 OPERATING CONDITIONS.................................................................... 20 SAFETY APPROVAL .............................................................................. 21 RELIABILITY, DURABILITY AND MAINTENABILITY............................. 22 EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT.............................................. 23 INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................. 24 Bidirectional Parallel Interface................................................................. 24 Serial Interface ........................................................................................ 25 OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................. 26 Panel Settings ......................................................................................... 28 OneTouch Mode ................................................................................ 28 SelecType Mode ................................................................................ 28 Printer Status Messages ......................................................................... 31 Initialization Process................................................................................ 32 Special Functions .................................................................................... 33 OTHER SPECIFICATIONS..................................................................... 34 Jumper Settings ................................................................................. 34 Program-ROM Specifications............................................................. 34 RAM Capacity .................................................................................... 35 Operating Precaution ......................................................................... 35
Operating Principles
OVERVIEW .................................................................................................. 38 Electrophotographic Printing ................................................................... 38 Paper Transportation .............................................................................. 40 Main Engine Components Function ........................................................ 41 Main Control Circuit................................................................................. 55
Troubleshooting
OVERVIEW .................................................................................................. Service-Call Errors .................................................................................. Printer Messages .................................................................................... Status Messages ............................................................................... Error Messages.................................................................................. Warning Messages ............................................................................ Troubleshooting............................................................................................ Troubleshooting with Error Messages..................................................... Troubleshooting with Printer Operation................................................... Troubleshooting with Print Image Quality ............................................... 58 58 60 61 62 66 67 67 76 82
Disassembly and Assembly
OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ Precautions ........................................................................................... Tools ..................................................................................................... Pre-Shipment Check ............................................................................. Special Operaiton for Service ............................................................... 100 100 101 101 101
DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY ............................................................. 103 Cover Side,E ......................................................................................... 104 Shield Assembly Top.ST ....................................................................... 105
Rev. A
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E P S O N E P L -N1 6 0 0
Control Panel......................................................................................... 106 Cover Assembly MBF.E ........................................................................ 107 Tray Assembly MBF.E........................................................................... 108 Cover Assembly,E ...................................................................................... 109 Cover Assembly Exit,E.......................................................................... 110 Sensor Assembly-Size 1,E.................................................................... 111 Drive Assembly ..................................................................................... 112 Solenoid Feed ....................................................................................... 113 Chute Inlet Registration......................................................................... 114 Roll Assembly Registration ................................................................... 115 Roll Assembly Feed .............................................................................. 116 Actuator No Paper................................................................................. 117 Roll Assembly Turn ............................................................................... 118 Actuators Pre-Registration A and B ...................................................... 119 Kit Chute Registration Assembly........................................................... 120 Actuator Registration............................................................................. 121 Link Interlock Switch and Cam Interlock Switch.................................... 122 Chute Exchange.................................................................................... 123 Actuator Exit-2/L, -2/S and Sensor Photo ............................................. 124 Solenoid Exchange ............................................................................... 125 Gear Duplex Assembly.......................................................................... 126 Roll Assembly Pinch Pre-Registration................................................... 127 Frame Assembly MBF........................................................................... 128 Solenoid MBF........................................................................................ 129 Roll Assembly MBF ............................................................................... 130 Holder Gear MBF .................................................................................. 131 Gear Assembly MBF ............................................................................. 132 Plate Assembly Bottom MBF................................................................. 133 Sensor No Paper MBF .......................................................................... 134 Pad Assembly Retard and Stopper Paper ............................................ 135 Roll Assembly Exit Out.......................................................................... 136 Roll-Press and Bearing-Pressure Roll................................................... 137 Actuator-Exit.......................................................................................... 138 Sensor Assembly Photo Exit ................................................................. 139 Fuser Assembly..................................................................................... 140 Sensor Assembly Temperature............................................................. 141 Thermostat and Fuse ............................................................................ 142 Roll Assembly Exit................................................................................. 143 Roll-Pinch .............................................................................................. 144 Roll Fuser and Heater Quartz ............................................................... 145 ROS Assembly ...................................................................................... 146 Mirror Assembly .................................................................................... 147 Roll Assembly BTR ............................................................................... 148 Sensor Toner ........................................................................................ 149 Switch Assembly 5V Interlock ............................................................... 150 Drive Assembly-F/P .............................................................................. 151 Drive Assembly Main ............................................................................ 152 Shield Assembly Bottom (E) ................................................................. 153 Fan IOT ................................................................................................. 154 Chassis Assembly PS ........................................................................... 155 HPS ...................................................................................................... 156 PWBA Hotaru ........................................................................................ 157 C258MAIN Removal ............................................................................. 158 Latch R and Latch L .............................................................................. 159 Shaft Latch ............................................................................................ 160 Guide R (A) and (B) .............................................................................. 161 Guide CST R ......................................................................................... 162
Adjustment Maintenance
OVERVIEW ................................................................................................ 166 User Maintenance ................................................................................. 166 Service Maintenance............................................................................. 166
Appendix
Electrical Connection.................................................................................. Connectors - C258MAIN ....................................................................... Master Wiring Diagram ......................................................................... Wiring Diagram Notation .................................................................. 168 168 169 170
Exploded Diagram...................................................................................... 181 Circuit Schematics...................................................................................... 208
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12
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 1
Product Description
1.1 OVERVIEW
The EPL-N1600 is the latest in EPSON's advanced lines of laser printers and offering the following features.
1.1.1 CONSUMABLES AND OPTIONS
The following table lists the EPL-N1600's consumables and supported options. Table 1-1. Consumables and Options
Item Imaging Cartridge 500 Sheet Lower Paper Cassette Unit (Universal) Face Up Tray Duplex Unit Ethernet Card Code S051056 C81290* Note Life: 8500 pages Supported paper size: A4, Letter, Legal, B5, Executive Eject capacity: 40 sheets Supported paper size: A4, Letter, Legal Type-B Optional I/F Card
High-speed printing Prints 16 pages per minute on A4 paper. High resolution Prints at 600dpi, with further enhancement provided by RITech (Resolution Improvement Technology) and Enh. MG (Enhance MicroGray). Rapid processing of print data The printer is equipped with a 150MHz RISC-CPU (VR4310) for faster data processing. Host can monitor printer status (by bidirectional interface) Supports IEEE-1284 nibble and ECP modes in Windows 95/98.
C81294* C81293* C82357* C82362* C82363* C82364* C82307* C82310* C82314* C82315* C82313* C82312* C83229*
32KB Serial Interface Card
High-capacity paper sources The printer comes standards with a 80-sheet MP tray and a 250sheet universal cassette. (Maximum total load is 830 sheets with optional lower paper cassette unit.)
32KB Parallel Interface Card Coax Interface Card Twinax Interface Card GPIB Interface Card AppleTalk Interface Card EPSONScript Level 2 Package
Use with EPSONScript Level 2 package (C83229*) · Emulates PostScript Level2 · ROM module
*:
The asterisk (*) is a substitute for the last digit of the product code, which varies by country.
Rev. A
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EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 1
Paper Supply:
Product Description
1.2 SPECIFICATIONS
This section describes the basic specifications of the EPL-N1600.
1.2.1 ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS
Printing method: Electro-photographic printing, utilizing semiconductor laser beam scan and singlecomponent magnetic toner 600DPI 15.7 PPM (A4) 16.6 PPM (Letter) 11.3 PPM (A4) 11.7 PPM (Letter) 15.2 PPM (A4) 16.0 PPM (Letter) 14.4 sec (A4) 14.2 sec (Letter) 13.3 sec (A4) 13.1 sec (Letter) 15.5 sec (A4) 15.3 sec (Letter) Within 45 seconds (at 22°C / 55% RH / rated voltage)
Paper Supply MP Tray
Multi Purpose (MP) Feed Tray (Capacity: 80 sheets) Universal Lower Paper Cassette (Capacity: 250 sheets) 500-sheets Lower Paper Cassette Unit (Capacity: 500 sheets)
Table 1-2. Paper Supply / Paper Size / Capacity
Capacity 80 sheets *1 Paper Size · Standard size paper 90 x 148 - 215.9 x 355.6mm (A4, JIS-B5, A5, Letter, GLetter, Executive, Legal, GLegal, F4, Half-Letter) · Custom size paper Any size of paper within the range of 90 x 148 - 215.9 x 355.6mm Envelopes (Monarch, C10, DL, C5, C6, International-B5) Paper Thickness Normal paper: 60 - 105g/m² (16 - 28lb)
Resolution: Printing speed:
10 sheets
Time to print first sheet:
Special paper: 190g/m² Normal paper: 60 - 105g/m² (16 - 28lb) Special paper Normal paper: 60 - 105g/m² (16 - 28lb) Normal paper: 60 - 105g/m² (16 28lb)
40 sheets Standard Paper Cassette *2 Lower Paper Cassette Unit *2 250 sheets *1 500 sheets *1
Labels / OHP sheet A4, Letter, G-Legal, Legal, JIS-B5
A4, Letter, G-Legal, Legal
*1: With 20lb (70g/m²) paper.
Warm-up time:
*2: Universal cassette.
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EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 1
Guaranteed print area:
Product Description
1.2.2 PAPER SPECIFICATIONS
Paper sources and size : As shown in the table below. Table 1-3. Supported Paper and Supply Source
Type A4 A5 JIS-B5 LT HLT LGL EXE GLG GLT F4 MON C10 DL C5 C6 I-B5 16MO 210 x 297 148 x 210 182 x 257 215.9 x 279.4 (8.5 x 11") 139.7 x 215.9 (5.5 x 8.5") 215.9 x 355.6 (8.5 x 14") 184.15 x 266.7 (7.25 x 10.5") 215.9 x 330.2 (8.5 x 13") 203.2 x 266.7 (8 x 10.5") 210 x 360 98.43 x 190.5 (37/8 x 7½") 104.78 x 241.3 (41/8 x 9½") 110 x 220 162 x 229 114 x 162 176 x 250 198 x 275 Size mm (inch) MP Tray Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes STD CST *1 Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No No Lower CST *2 Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No No Duplex *3 Yes No No Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No No
Entire paper area, excluding 4.0 mm from each edge of the paper.
NOTE: In case of duplex printing, the printable area is limited to 6.0 mm from the bottom edge.
Supported paper types: Xerox 4024 DP Paper 20lb (75 g/m²) Weight=60 to 150 g/m² (16 to 28 lbs) Standard copy paper, recycled paper Label sheets Transparency film (for laser printer) Colored paper Thick paper (105 to 157 g/m²) DTP paper Letter head
NOTE: Before purchasing paper in large quantities, check that sheets are fed correctly. Special paper, such as thick paper must be fed from the paper tray (do not feed from cassettes).
*1: Universal Lower Paper Cassette *2: Optional 500-sheets lower paper cassette unit *3: Duplex printing is available only with a sheet fed from the cassette unit (standard or optional).
Supported paper sizes:
Width= 90 to 216 mm (3.5 to 8.5 ") Length=148 to 355.6mm (5.8 to 14 ") Left alignmnent for all paper size
Paper feed alignmnent:
Rev. A
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EPSON EPL-N1600
Prohibited paper types: The following paper types should never be used. Attempts to feed these paper types may result in inferior print quality, paper jams, and damage to the printer. *Carbon paper, "non-carbon" paper *Thermal paper, pressure-sensitive paper *Acidic paper *Inkjet-dedicated paper *Paper or postcard already printed on by thermal-transfer printer or inkjet printer *Thin or thick paper (exceeding the specification) *Damp paper *Paper with coated or processed color surface *Paper with extra smooth or extra rough surface *Paper whose rear side has very inconsistent smoothness *Perforated paper *Folded, curled, or torn paper *Paper of irregular shape *Paper cut at off-angle *Label sheets that peel too easily *Paper with clips, staples, glue, etc. *Transparency film designed for color copy or page printer Paper Ejection: Ejection capacity: Face-down or Face-up (option) 250 sheets (Xerox 4024 paper (75 g/m²)) (with optional face-up tray) 40 sheets (Xerox 4024 paper (75 g/m²))
Chapter 1
Product Description
1.2.3 CONTROLLER SPECIFICATIONS
CPU: RAM: RISC-CPU (VR4300 / 150MHz) 8MB EDO RAM 1 EDO-RAM SIMM slot (Accepts 4MB to 32MB EDO-RAM SIMM) Maximum memory is 40MB Font: 2MB (on-board) 4MB (on ROM-DIMM module) Program: (Installed in ROM-DIMM socket) 2 ROM-DIMM slots (A/B slots) A slot=For C83229* (EPSONScript) module B slot=For local-font ROM module only *Bidirectional parallel I/F (B type connector) (IEEE-1284 compliant / Compatibility, Nibble and ECP mode) *RS-232C serial I/F (D-SUB 25pin) *Type-B interface slot (1 slot) Control Panel: *8 push-button switches and 6 LED lamps. *LCD Panel (1-line 20-column) *PCL5e emulation mode *FX, ESC/P2, I239X emulation mode *ESC/Page mode *GL/2 mode Built-in engine controller
ROM:
Expansion ROM:
Interfaces:
Software:
Other Feature:
Rev. A
17
EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 1
Dielectric Strength:
Product Description
1.2.4 ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Power Requirements: See table below.
Table 1-4. Power Supply Specification
Item Input Voltage Rated Frequency Rated Current Power Consumption · · · · 100V Model 120V ±10% (90 to 132V) 50 - 60Hz ±3Hz 6.5A Maximum: Continuous printing: Stand-by (Heater ON): Stand-by (Heater OFF): 700W 350W 70W 30W 200V Model 220 - 240V ±10% (198 to 264V) 50 - 60Hz ±3Hz 3.5A
Insulation shall not break down when the following voltage is applied between primary circuit and chassis for 1 minute: *100V model: AC1000V *200V model: AC1500V 3.5mA or less
Leakage Current:
1.2.5 CONSUMABLES
This printer's only consumable part is the Imaging Cartridge. Table 1-5. Imaging Cartridge
Name Imaging Cartridge S051056 · · · · · · Components Development unit Toner OPC Drum Charging Roller Waste Toner Box Cleaner Blade Life Average: 8500 pages * Weight Approx. 1.3Kg
AC Line Noise:
Pulse width= 50 to 1000 ns Pulse polarity=+ / Repetition= Asynchronous Modes= Common / Normal 1KV Voltage= (Parts must be able to withstand 2KV without damage) DIP 100% (at rated voltage - 10%) 1 cycle No hard error, no user-nonrecoverable software error No damage to parts 1/2-cycle / Not above 50A 10Mohm or more
Transient Outage: Electrostatic Tolerance:
*: Toner life is estimated based on continuous printing on A4 size paper with 5% print coverage. Toner life will vary according to print coverage and printing method (continuous or intermittent, print density, toner-save mode, etc.).
1.2.6 OTHER SPECIFICATIONS
Printer life: Noise: 300,000 sheets or 5 years in use Stand-by: Approx. 32.0dB(A) Operating: Approx. 50.0dB(A) Less than 0.02 ppm OPC, toner, and plastic materials are all nontoxic.
Surge Current: Insulation Resistance:
Ozone Density: Toxicity:
Rev. A
18
EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 1
Product Description
1.2.7 ENVIRONMENTAL SPECIFICATIONS
MAIN UNIT AND CONSUMABLES
CONSUMABLES Table 1-7. Environmental Conditions - Consumables
Item Humidity Temperature Conditions 0 to 35°C High temperature Low temperature 35 to 40°C -20 to 0°C Normal Extreme (within 1 month)
Temperature and humidity: See table below. (The conditions below are applicable for both the main unit and consumables.) Table 1-6. Environmental Conditions - Main Unit
Item Humidity Temperature Normal Extreme (within 1 month) High temperature Low temperature Conditions 0 to 35°C 35 to 40°C -20 to 0°C
Normal Extreme (within 1 month) High humidity Low humidity
20 to 80%RH 80 to 95%RH 10 to 20%RH 460 to 760hPa Within 24 months from the production
Air Pressure Storage
Normal Extreme (within 1 month) High humidity Low humidity
20 to 80%RH 80 to 95%RH 10 to 20%RH Within 24 months from the production
Storage
Air Pressure (Altitude): Drop Tolerance:
460 to 760hPa (Max. 2500 meters) No damage when tested in accordance with JIS Z0200-1987 level 1 Direction=1 corner, 6 sides, 3 edge Vibration= Acceleration= Sweep time= Direction= Time= 5 to 100Hz / 100 to 5Hz 0.7G 10 minutes (one way) Three directions (X/Y/Z) 50 minutes in each direction
Vibration Tolerance:
Rev. A
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EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 1
Product Description
1.2.8 OPERATING CONDITIONS
Temperature: Humidity: Air Pressure (Altitude): Tilt: Ambient Illumination: 10 to 32°C 20 to 80%RH (without condensation) 760hPa or more (below 2500m) 5° or less 3000 lux or less (Must avoid direct sunlight.) To ensure proper operation of the printer, sufficient open space must be left around printer, as indicated in the illustration below. Figure 1-1. Space Requirement (1)
Space Requirement:
At least 400mm free space must be left at top of printer to allow for opening of the cover and replacement of the Imaging Cartridge. Remember that the printer becomes higher when a lower feed unit is installed. Maximum printer height (with large-capacity feeder installed) is 453mm.
Figure 1-2. Space Requirement (2)
Rev. A
20
EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 1
Others:
Product Description
1.2.9 SAFETY APPROVAL
Safety Regulation
Model Applicable Standard · UL 1950 · CSA 22.2 No.950 · TUV-GS (EN60950)
No effect on human health. (In compliance with OSHA, TSCA, EINECS, woker safety laws and CSCL) No effect on human health. (In compliance with OSHA) In compliance with UL478 5th Edition In compliance with Swiss environment protection law (no CdS content)
100V Model 200V Model
Safety Regulation (Laser Radiation)
Model Applicable Standard FDA (NCDRH) Class 1 TUV-GS (EN60825)
100V Model 200V Model
EMC
Model Applicable Standard · CNS 13438 · CISPR22 (for Taiwan) · FCC Part15 Subpart B Class B / CSA C108.8 Class B · EC EMC directive 89/336/PEC EN55022 Class B EN61000-3-2 EN61000-3-3 EN50082-1 · AS 3548 (for Australia)
100V Model
200V Model
Power consumption:
In compliance with International Energy Star program
Rev. A
21
EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 1
Print Start Position:
Product Description
1.2.10 RELIABILITY, DURABILITY AND MAINTENABILITY
MPBF: 120,000 sheets (Average number of sheets printed between failures, where "failure" indicates a condition that requires part replacement or that cannot be corrected by user.) 300,000 sheets or 5 years in use (whichever comes first) 30 minutes (Average time to complete and confirm repair after ascertaining the site of the failure.) As indicated in the table below. Table 1-8. Paper Feed Reliability
Cassette Single-side Print Jam Rate Mis-feed rate 1/3000 or less 1/800 or less Duplex Print 1/2000 MP Tray Single-side Print 1/600 1/300 Special Paper 1/100 1/25
Using standard paper from paper tray or cassette; Target position (c) ±2.5mm Target position (a) ±2.0mm Using standard A4 paper from paper tray or cassette; |c - d | ±2.0mm | a - b | ±1.5mm
Skew:
Life:
MTTR:
Ejection Curl:
20mm or less (after 5 minutes from ejection)
Jam Rate:
*: Above figures are based on uncurled paper used immediately after removal from package. *: The above figures include jams caused by misfeeds, multiple feeds, etc. *: The above figures do no cover feeding at interface between paper stacks loaded at different times.
Figure 1-3. Printing Accuracy
Rev. A
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EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 1
Product Description
1.2.11 EXTERNAL DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHT
Dimensions: See table below and illustration on right. Table 1-9. Dimensions
Item EPL-N1600(Main unit) Lower Paper Cassette Unit (C812902) (With main unit) Duplex Unit (C812932) (With main unit) Full option Width (mm) 421 396 421 396 421 421 Depth (mm) 420 389 420 517 542 542 Height (mm) 264 114 379 254 325 441
Weight:
Approx. 13Kg (excluding consumables and options)
Figure 1-4. Dimensions
Rev. A
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EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 1
Product Description
1.3 INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS
The EPL-N1600 supports the following interfaces. Table 1-10. Bidirectional Parallel I/F Pin Assignment
Pin 1 2-9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19-30 31 32 33 34 35 36 I/O *1 In In/Out Out Out Out Out In Out In Out Out In nFault GND NC +5V nSelectin IEEE1284 Active nInit nDataAvail nACK Busy PError Select nAutoFd HostBusy NC GND CG PeripheralLogic High GND nReverseRequest nPeriphRequest Compatibility nStrobe DATA1 - 8 PtrClk PrtBusy AckDataReq Xflag HostAck PeriphClk PeriphAck nAckReverse IEEE 1284-B Connector Nibble HostClk ECP
Bidirectional parallel I/F (standard) RS-232C serial (standard) Type-B interface slot (1 slot for optional interface card)
1.3.1 Bidirectional Parallel Interface
The printer's built-in parallel interface complies with IEEE-1284, and supports Compatibility, Nibble and ECP modes. Transmission: Synchronization: 8-bit parallel (IEEE-1284 compliant) By externally supplied STROBE signal (STRBX) By ACKX or BUSY TTL level IEEE-1284-B connector (36pin) (57RE-40360-830B(D7A) DDK or equivalent) Compatibility, Nibble and ECP mode See the table on right.
Handshaking: Logic Level: Connector:
*1: "I/O" indicates a signal direction viewed from the printer.
Mode: Pin Assignment::
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1.3.2 Serial Interface
Type: Transmission: Synchronization: Transmission rates: Parity bit: Start bit: Stop bit: Data length: Protocols: RS-232C (conforms to EIA) Full duplex Asynchronous
3 RXD CTS In In Out DTR Out Pin 2
Table 1-11. Serial I/F (RS-232C) Pin Assignment
Signal TXD I/O *1 Out Description Transmits data. This pin transmits serial data from the printer to the computer. Received data. This pin transmits data from the computer to the printer. Always ignored. Transmits data. This pin transmits serial data from the printer to the computer. Data terminal ready. This pin indicates whether or not the printer is ready to receive data. If the printer ready protocol is not selected, the printer is always ready to receive data (this pin is always HIGH). If the printer ready protocol is selected, the printer can accept data when the pin level is HIGH and cannot accept data when the pin level is LOW. When the DTR signal goes LOW, the host computer must stop sedning data within 256 characters. This function can be set on or off with the default-setting mode of the printer. Received data. This pin transmits data from the computer to the printer. Transmits data. This pin transmits serial data from the printer to the computer. In Received data. This pin transmits data from the computer to the printer.
300 to 57600 bps
5
Even, Odd or NONE 1 1/2 7 or 8 bits ·XON/XOFF control (software control) (Robust mode is supported) ·DTR control (hardware control)
17 20
23
Connector:
D-SUB 25pin (17LE-13250-27(D57) See the table on right.
24 25
Pin Assignment:
*1: "I/O" indicates a signal direction viewed from the printer.
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Chapter 1
Product Description
1.4 OPERATING SPECIFICATIONS
The control panel of the EPL-N1600 includes a variety of buttons and indicator lamps, together with an LCD. The user can use the panel to select the printer's operating mode, to set the various printer functions, and to view settings and status information.
LCD PANEL 1-line by 20 column LCD display equipped with backlight, and it is used for displaying printer status and setup menus LED LAMPS There are 6 LED lamps and a function of each one of these LED lamps are as below.
On Line LED ON: Printer is ready to receive data and print. OFF: Printer is not for receiving print data. Form Feed LED ON: Printer contains data that has not yet been processed. (If data is not effective print data, light will not be on.) OFF: Printer has finished processing all print data. (If control code is not terminated, however, this lamp will be ON.) Brinking: Printer is currently processing data. Continue LED Brinking: Printer is in error state. User can clear the error by pressing the Clear Error button. One-Touch Mode 1 / 2 LED Indicate that panel is either in One-Touch mode 1.or One-Touch mode 2. SelecType Indicates that printer is in SelecType setting mode.
Figure 1-5. EPL-N1600 - Control Panel
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Product Description
BUTTONS
OnLine button Toggles printer ONLINE state on and off. (If printer is in one of the setup modes, this switch releases the mode and sets the printer to ONLINE state.) Form Feed button If the printer contains data but is not enabled for printing (if Form Feed lamp is on), this switch causes printer to output printing results and eject the paper. (This button does not cause ejection if Form Feed lamp is off.) Continue button Clears error (if pressed while Continue LED is blinking). When printer is in ONLINE state, this button will also clear any warning display that may appear on the LCD. SelecType / ALT button Selects the panel setting mode: OneTouch Mode 1, OneTouch Mode 2, or SelecType Mode. Also operates as a ALT key. Panel button operations vary according to the currently selected panel setting mode. MENU button Selects the corresponding OneTouch mode setting listed above this button, or selects the SelecType menu if in SelecType mode. Press this button whe the printer is online to enter SelecType mode.
ITEM button Selects the corresponding OneTouch mode option listed above this button, or selects the fucntion available within the current menu, after entering the SelecType mode. VALUE button Selects the corresponding OneTouch mode option listed above this button, or selects the parameter available within the current item, after entering the Item of the SelecType mode. ENTER button / Status Sheet print Selects the corresponding OneTouch mode option listed above this button, or accepts the setting curretnly shown on the LCD as a new setting when in SelecType mode. Press this button twice when the printer is online to print the status sheet. RESET (ALT + Conitnue) Pressing the Continue button while holding down the ALT button will reset the printer. The LCD will display the message RESET. To generate a complete reset (warm boot), continue to hold down these buttons for approximately five seconds after the RESET message appears; the message will then change to RESET ALL and the printer will start warm-up processing.
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Chapter 1
Product Description
1.4.1 Panel Settings
This section explains the printer's three panel-setting modes.
1.4.1.2 SelecType Mode
SeleType mode presents a variety of menus. Table below shows the mode's switch operations and available settings. Table 1-13. SelecType Mode Menu
MENU Button Test Menu ITEM Button Status Sheet LJ4 Font Sample ESCP2 Font Sample FX Font Sample I239X Font Sample PS Status Sheet*1 PS Font Sample*1 PS Fact Sheet*1 Parallel / Serial / AUX*2 Paper Source Page Size Auto / LJ4 / ESCP2 / FX / I239X / PS*1 / GL2 Auto / MP / LC1 / LC2*3 A4 *4 / A5 / / B5 / LT / HLT / LGL / GLT / GLG / EXE / F4 / MON / C10 / DL / C5 / C6 / IB5 / CTM OFF / ON Port / Land 1 - 999 OFF / ON 600 / 300 OFF / ON*6 OFF / ON Long Edge / Short Edge Front / Back A4 *4 / A5 / / B5 / LT / HLT / LGL / GLT / GLG / EXE / F4 / MON / C10 / DL / C5 / C6 / IB5 / CTM A4 / LT / LGL / GLG / B5 / EXE A4 / LT / LGL / GLG VALUE Button
1.4.1.1 OneTouch Mode
The printer offers two quick-set modes: OneTouch mode 1 and OneTouch mode 2. You can select either of these modes by pressing the SelecType button as necessary. The following table shows the settings that can be made from each of these modes. Table 1-12. OneTouch Mode Menu
Button MENU ITEM OneTouch Mode 1 Paper Source (Selects source for paper feed) Paper Size (Use to display or select the paper size) Manual Feed Orientation (Selects vertical or horizontal image direction.) OneTouch Mode 2 RITech (On / Off) Copies (Selects number of copies to be printed.) MP Tray Size (Selects size of paper in MP tray.) Toner-Save Mode (Sets Toner-Save mode ON or OFF.)
Emulation Menu Printing Menu
VALUE ENTER
Wide A4 Orientation Copies Manual Feed Resolution Skip Blank Page Duplex*5 Binding*5 Start Page*5 Tray Size Menu MP Tray Size*7
LC1 Size*8 LC2 SIze*3
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Product Description
MENU Button Config Menu
ITEM Button RITech Toner Save Density Top Offset Left Offset Size Ignore Auto Cont Page Protect Image Optimum Interface Time Out Standby*24 Lang
VALUE Button ON / OFF OFF / ON 1/2/3/4/5 -9.0 - 0.0 - 99.0 (step: 0.5mm) -9.0 - 0.0 - 99.0 (step: 0.5mm) OFF / ON OFF / ON Auto / ON Auto / OFF / ON Auto / Parallel / Serial / AUX*2 0, 5 - 60 - 300 Enable / Disable English / Français / Deutsch / ITALIANO / ESPANOL / SVENSKA / Dansk / Nerderl. / SUOMI / Português OFF / ON E****F
MENU Button AUX Menu*2 LJ4 Menu
ITEM Button Buffer Size FontSorce Font Number Pitch*9 Height*9 SymSet*10
VALUE Button Normal / Maximum / Minimum Resident / DIMM / Download 0 - available (max. 65535) 0.44 - 10.00 - 99.99 (step:0.1cpi) 4.00 - 12.00 - 999.75 (step:0.25pt) IBM-US / Roman-8 / ECM94-1 / 8859-2 ISO / 8859-9 ISO / IBM-DM / PcMultiling / PcE.Europe / PcTk437 WiAnsi / WiE.Europe / WiTurkish / DeskTop / PsText / VeInternati / VeUS / MsPublishin / Math-8 / PsMath / VeMath / PiFont / Legal / ANSI ASCII / Swedish2 / Italian / Spanish / German / Norweg1 / French2 / Windows 5 - 64*4 - 128 0 - 277 - 3199 0 - 277 - 3199 GLlike / LJ4GL OFF / A0 / A1 / A2 / A3 Corner / Center Pen0 / 1 / 2 - 6*11 Butt / Square / Triangular / Round Mitered / Miteredveveled / Triangular / Round / Beveled / None 0.05 - 0.35 - 5.00 (step:0.05mm)
Setup Menu
Printer Name Toner Toner Counter Clear MP Init. Paper*12 LC1 Init. Paper*12 LC2 Init. Paper*3 *12 Page Count SelecType Init Parallel Menu Speed Bi-D Buffer Size Word Length Baud Rate Parity Stop Bit DTR Xon/Xoff Buffer Size
Form Source Symset Dest Symset GL/2 Menu GL-Mode Scale Origin Pen End Join Pen0/1/2 - 6*11
100% / 75% / 50% / 25% 100% / 75% / 50% / 25% 100% / 75% / 50% / 25% 0 - 99999999 Fast / Normal Nibble / ECP / OFF Normal / Maximum / Minimum 8/7 9600 / 19200 / 38400 / 57600 / 300 / 600 / 1200 / 2400 / 4800 None / Even / Odd 1/2 ON / OFF ON / OFF / Robust Normal / Maximum / Minimum
Serial Menu
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Chapter 1
Product Description
MENU Button PS Menu*1
ITEM Button Err Sheet MicroGray Protect Level Font OFF / ON ON / OFF 1-5
VALUE Button
ESCP2 Menu FX Menu
Pitch Condensed T.Margin Text CGTable
Country
Auto CR Auto LF Bit Image ZeroChar I239X Menu Font Pitch Code Page T.Margin Text Auto CR Auto LF Alt. Graphic Bit Image ZeroChar CharacterSet*4
Courier / Prestige / Roman / Sans serif / Roman T / Orator S / Sans H / Script / OCR A / OCR B 10cpi / 12cpi / 15cpi / Prop. OFF / ON 0.40 - 0.5 - 1.50 (step:0.05") 1 - 66*4 - available (max 81) PcUSA / Italic / PcMultilin / PcPortugue / PcCanFrenc / PcNordic / PcTurkish2 / PcE.Europe BpBRASCII / BpAbicomp USA / French / Germany / UK / Denmark / Sweden / Italy / Spain1 / Japan / Norway / Denmark2 / Spain2 / LatinAmeric / Korea / Legal ON / OFF OFF / ON Dark / Light / BarCode 0, 0 (slashed) Courier / Prestige / Gothic / Orator / Script / Presentor / Sans serif 10cpi / 12cpi / 15cpi / 17cpi / 20cpi / 24cpi / Prop. 437 / 850 / 860 / 863 / 865 0.30 - 0.40 - 1.50 (step:0.05") 1 - 67*4 - available (max 81) OFF / ON OFF / ON OFF / ON Dark / Light 0, 0 (slashed) 1/2
Can be selected only if an optional EPSONScript Level2 package (C83229*) is installed. *2: Can be selected only when an optional Type-B interface card is installed. *3: Can be selected only if the optional lower cassette unit (C812902) is installed. *4: Factory default varies depending on the destination. *5: Can be selected only if an optional Duplex unit (C812932) is installed. *6: Applicable only for LJ4 and ESC/Page mode. *7: Do not change automatically after printing. *8: Display only and cannot select the size. *9: Either "Pitch" or "Height" is displayed depending on the selected pitch: Fixed pitch="Height", Proportional pitch="Pitch" *10: Additional symbol sets will be displayed if an optional font ROM is installed. *11: Can be selected only in GL/Like mode. *12: "100%" capacity:MP=80 sheets, LC1=250 sheets, LC2=500sheets
*1:
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Product Description
1.4.2 Printer Status Messages
Reset to Save
Message Writing DIMM A Menus Locked (at panel setting operation) Duplex print was off Type Service-call error Status Face Up print off Check Paper Size Image Optimum Need Memory Format Error DIMM A Form Feed (during test prinitn) Warming Up Error Toner Low Standby Ready
Type Status Warning
The table below lists the printer status messages that are displayed on the LCD panel. Table 1-14. Error Message
Message Service Req. effff *1 ROM check RAM check Self Test Reset All Reset Duplex Unit Fail Check Duplex P-Size Exiting Paper Jam Paper Jam Feed Jam Paper Jam in Duplex Jam in Duplex Tray Jam in Duplex Cover Insert Imaging Crtg Printer Open Duplex Cover Open Insert Duplex Tray Manual Feed xxx yyyy Insert LC1 Paper Out sssss tttt Paper Set sssss ttttt Print Overrun Illegal Aux I?F Card Mem Overflow Duplex Mem Overflow Illegal DIMM A Write Error DIMM A
Status Warning Satus
*1:
Refer to Chapter-3 Troubleshooting for detail.
The order of list is corresponding to a priority of message and the list starts from the high priority order.
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Product Description
1.4.3 Initialization Process
The following tables shows the process carried out for each of the printer's three initialization types. Table 1-15. Initialization
Type Reset Trigger Press "Continue" button while holding down "ALT" button Processing · Cancels all data processing and all completed print jobs. · Deletes all data stored in the receive buffer for the currently active interface. (Retains data for other interfaces.) · Clears error condition. Use this reset operation to cancel multiplecopy printing or to abort inappropriate printing. Terminates printing jobs and executes reset for all interfaces. The printer returns to its initial power-on state; but does not repeat power-on self tests · Initialize memory. · Clear receive buffers for all interfaces. · · · · · Initialize engine. Check ROM/ EEPROM and RAM. Check peripheral devices. Initialize memory. Initialize peripheral devices.
Warm Boot
Press "Continue" button while holding down "ALT" button and hold them for specified period of time. Executed at power-on. (Power-on initialization)
Cold Start
For all three reset types, the printer will enter READY state upon normal termination of reset processing.
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Chapter 1
Product Description
1.4.4 Special Functions
Mode/Operation
Table 1-16. .Special Function
Buttons Form Feed Result Once this mode is activated, the printer prints a hex dump of all received codes and data. To cancel this mode, you must switch the printer off. Clears all EEPROM content, then writes factory settings into EEPROM. (Also initializes total page count.) Resets all panel settings (common environment settings and interfacespecific settings) to their factory defaults. Clears the total page count to 0. Hex-Dump Mode
Built-in special fucntion can be selected by turning on the printer while holding down the specific combination of button(s). The table below explains each operation
C A U T IO N
All special functions (with the exception of hex dumps) are intended for service technicians only and are not documented in the user manual. Please handle these operations with due care.
Initialize EEPROM*1
· Online · Continue · Menu Continue
Initialize panel settings*1
Note that to activate the operation you must continue to hold the buttons down until the LCD indicates that "RAM check" is completed
Clear total page count*1 · Online · Menu · Item Force-erase the flashROM module*1 · · · · ALT Item Value Enter
Deletes content of flash ROM module in slot A.
Update program ROM*1 · Online · ALT · Value Copy ROM module*1 · Online · ALT · Enter · Online · Form Feed · Online · Form Feed · Continue
Updates content of ROM-DIMM in program sockets. Copies content of ROM module in slot B into ROM module in slot A. Reset the toner counter value to "Full" status. The maintenance menu item is added to the setting menu.
Toner Counter Reset Maintenance Mode *1
*1: For details, refer to Chapter 4 "Disassembly and Reassembly"
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Chapter 1
Product Description
1.4.5 OTHER SPECIFICATIONS
This section presents information related to product distribution and handling.
1.4.5.2 Program-ROM Specifications
The printer's control program is provided on a ROM board which mounts into the ROM-DIMM slot on the main board. The printer will include one of the ROM boards indicated in the table below. Table 1-18. Program ROM Specification
Name Board Subassembly Board Subassembly No. C215PROG C258PROG Specification · Flash PROM · 8Mbit x 4 (IC 3/4/5/6) · Mask ROM · 16Mbit x 2 (IC 1/2)
1.4.5.1 Jumper Settings
The main control circuit board of this printer (C258MAIN) includes four jumper switches. Set the switches in accordance with product destination, as follows. Table 1-17. C258MAIN Jumper Settings
Jumper RJ1 RJ3 RJ4 RJ5 RJ6 RJ7 RJ8 RJ9 RJ10 RJ11 RJ12 RJ13 RJ14 JP2 JP3 Standard *1 Installed Not installed Not installed Installed Not installed Not installed Not installed Not installed Not installed Installed Not installed Installed Not installed 1 - 2 pin connected Connected Latin America Installed Not installed Not installed Not installed Installed Not installed Not installed Not installed Not installed Installed Not installed Installed Not installed 1 - 2 pin connected Connected Russia Installed Not installed Not installed Installed Not installed Not installed Not installed Not installed Not installed Installed Not installed Installed Not installed 1 - 2 pin connected Connected
Specifically, the ROM board will be flash-type during initial mass production (so that it can be updated locally), but will be changed to mask-ROM type when production stabilizes.
At start of mass production: When production becomes stable:
C215PROG board C258PROG board
The C215PROG board (flash ROM) can be updated using the printer's "progarm-ROM update" feature. Refer to Chapter 5, "Adjustments," for more information.
NOTE: *1:Applicable for all destinations except for Latin America and Russia.
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Product Description
1.4.5.3 RAM Capacity
If the printer does not have sufficient RAM capacity to complete normal printing, it will display one of the following two error messages.
"Insufficient memory" "Mem Overflow" "Need Memory"
These messages indicates that the printer does not have enough memory to execute the specified printing. The problem can be resolved either by installing (or increasing) expansion RAM or by reducing the receive-buffer size.
1.4.5.4 Operating Precaution
The printer's control circuit board includes nonvolatile (EEPROM) memory that is used to store printer settings and control data. Switching off the power while the printer is writing to EEPROM may in some cases cause loss or corruption of EEPROM content, resulting in one of the following errors.
At next power-on, the printer generates a service-call error. When user executes a warm boot ("full reset") from the control panel, the printer initializes the panel settings.
Accordingly, power should never be switched off while the printer is in any of the following states.
When the LCD is displaying "Initializing Settings". When the On Line lamp is blinking. When printing operation is in progress (while motor is running).
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OPERATING PRINCIPLES
EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 2
Operating Principles
2.1 OVERVIEW
This chapter explains the functions and operating principles of engine mechanism and controller of the EPL-N1600.
2.1.1 Electrophotographic Printing
Like other EPSON page printers, the EPL-N1600 also using the electrophtographic prinitng system combined with a semi-conductor laser beam scanning system, as illustrated below. .
Figure 2-1. Electrophotographic Process Components
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Table 2-1. Electrophotographic Printing Process
Step 1 Process Charging Explanation
Chapter 2
Operating Principles
In this process, electric discharge from the BCR (Bias Charge Roll) generates a uniform negative charge on the surface of the OPC (Organic Photconductor) drum located within the Imaging Cartridge.The BCR is a conductive roller positioned in contact with the OPC drum, The HVPS ASSY applies a bias voltage (a negative DC bias voltage superposed on an AC voltage) to the BCR. The AC voltage is controlled by constant-current regulation and the current level is apporx. 800µA (850Hz). This AC component evens out the residual charge left on the OPC drum during the previous print cycle, so that a uniform negative charge corresponding to the DC bias voltage level (approx. -400VDC) is generated over the entire drum surface. In this process, the ROS (Raster Output Scanner) ASSY generates the latent image onto the OPC drum surface by scanning the drum with the laser. The scanner motor rotates the polygon mirror within the ROS ASSY. The mirror reflects the laser beam produced by the laser diode so that the beam scans across the drum surface. The OPC drum surface consists of a photoconductive layer covering an aluminum (conductor) base. As the beam strikes the surface it generates electrons and holes within the photoconductive layer. The electrons are pulled by the electric field into the conductor base, while the holes move to the outside surface of the photocondutor layer (the outside of the drum), combining with the surface electrons and reducing the surface charge (increasing the potential). This action occurs only at the areas illuminated by the beam. The result is that the negative charge at the illuminated areas is lower than the negative charge at the non-illuminated areas. This charge differential constitutes the latent image. The SOS (Start of Scan) sensor attached at the side of MIRROR M1 detects the scan start position (by detecting the laser illumination at the scan start area). This process applies toner to the drum surface to generate the visible image. This printer utilizes non-conductive dry single-component magnetic toner. Toner adheres to a surface of the MAG ROLL by magnetic force, while the narrow gap between the CM (Charging and Metering) blade keeps this toner coating extremely thin and uniform. The friction between the CM blade and the MAG ROLL generates a negative charge on the toner. A negative DC voltage (approx. -315VDC) superposed on an AC voltage (approx. 1.8KVp-p at 3.0KHz) is applied to a thin semiconductive sleeve that covers the MAG ROLL, as a developing bias (DB). The DC component of the bias keeps the MAG ROLL at negative potential with respect to the OPC drum's conductive layer and the AC component of the development bias serves to facilitate the transfer of the toner on the MAG ROLL. As a consequence, the parts of the drum surface that were not hit by the laser beam (the areas where the negative charge was not reduced) will have lower potential than the MAG ROLL, while the parts that were hit by the laser beam will have higher potential. Because the toner on the MAG ROLL is negatively charged, it will transfer to the OPC drum only at those areas where the potential on the drum is higher than the potential on the MAG ROLL, thereby forming the visible image. This process transfers the visible image formed by a toner on the OPC drum surface, to the paper. This printer utilizes a BTR (Bias Transfer Roller) to effect the transfer. The BTR is a conductive roller that is in positioned in contact with the OPC drum. When the paper moves be tween the OPC drum and the BTR, the BTR applies an HVPS-generated positive charge (+700VDC) to the back side of the paper. This pulls the toner image off the drum surface and onto the paper. In the separation process, the action of the negatively charged DETACH SAW neutralizes a positive charge remained on the paper which causes the paper to stick to the drum surface, so that the paper comes free of the drum. Specifically, an HVPS-generated negative voltage (-2.0KVDC) is applied to the DETACH SAW. This process fuses the toner image (the image transferred onto the paper in the transfer process) to the paper. This printer uses a HEAT ROLL to fuse the image to the paper. The HEAT ROLL is heated by an internal heater lamp. A PRESSURE ROLL is positioned in contact with the HEAT ROLL. When paper passes between the HEAT ROLL and PRESSURE ROLL, the application of heat and pressure fuses the toner to the paper. In this process, a cleaning plate attached to the OPC drum scrapes residual toner (the toner that not transfered to the paper) off the drum surface. The toner scraped off from the drum surface is collected in the waste-toner compartment within the Imaging Cartridge. In addition to the above explained cleaning operation, the BTR surface is also cleaned electrically. At the initialization cycle of the printer operation or before starting a print job, a negative charge (approx. -600VDC) is applied to the BTR and the toner sticking on the BTR surface is transferred from the BTR to the drum by this voltage.
2
Exposure
3
Development
4
Transfer
5
Separation
6
Fusing
7
Cleaning
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EPSON EPL-N1600
Chapter 2
Operating Principles
2.1.2 Paper Transportation
The illustration below is a cut-section view of the engine mechanism and it shows the paper path and the major engine components relating to the paper transportation.
Figure 2-2. Engine Components for Paper Transportation
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Chapter 2
Paper Cassette:
Operating Principles
2.1.3 Main Engine Components Function
This section explains the structure and operation ofeach part of the engine mechanism. PAPER CASSETTE (STANDARD)
Universal paper cassette that can hold six regular sizes of plain paper cut sheets up to 250 sheets. Adjusting the Back Stopper makes the Actuators on the left side of the Cassette in a combination corresponding to the position of the Back Stopper. The Actuators press their corresponding prongs of the Spring Size, which in turn actuate the corresponding Paper Size Switches of the Sensor Assembly-Size 1. The board has three Paper Size Switches 1 to 3. Each Switch is actuated by the corresponding prong of the Spring Size when the prong is pressed by the corresponding Actuator on the Paper Cassette. The pattern of actuated Switches identifies the size of the paper that is loaded in the Cassette. When the Cassette is not in place, all Switches are not actuated, and the printer can detect removal of the Cassette. Refer to Paper Size Detection in Section 13 for the relationship between paper sizes and patterns of actuated Paper Size Switches. The Spring Size is pressed by the corresponding Actuators on the left side of the Paper Cassette, and the psring is then pressing the corresponding paper size switchs.
PWB ASSY.-Size 1:
Spring Size:
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Drive ASSY. :
Chapter 2
Operating Principles
PAPER TRANSPORTATION I
This unit distributes a drive that transmitted from the main motor, to Feed Rolls (Roll Assembly Feed and Roll Assembly MBF), Turn Rolls (Roll Assembly Turn), and also to the optional units Releases the drive gear of the Roll Assembly Feed to allow the gear to rotate when actuated and latches the gear when the gear rotates one turn. Rotates one turn each time the Solenoid Feed is actuated. The Roll Assembly Feed pushes one sheet of paper out of the Paper Cassette during each rotation.
Solenoid Feed:
Roll Assembly Feed:
Rolls Assembly Turn: Drives paper fed into the printer. Sensor Pre-Registration and Actuators Pre-Registration A / B: Detect when a paper reaches the position before the Sensor Registration. The signal from this sensor is used for paper jam detection. Sensor Registration and Actuator Registration: Detect when a paper reaches the position just before the EP Cartridge Drum. The signal from the Sensor Registration is used as the reference timing signal for generating the P.SYNC (Page Synchronization) signal inside the MCU. The signal from this sensor is also used for paper jam detection. Sensor No Paper and Actuator No Paper: Detect when the Paper Cassette is out of paper.
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Chute Exchange:
Chapter 2
Operating Principles
PAPER TRANSPORTATION I REAR
Switches the paper path between the exit to the Face Down Delivery Tray on the top of the Cover Assembly Exit and the exit to the optional Duplex Unit or Face Up Catch Tray. Switches the position of the Chute Exchange.
Solenoid Exchange:
Sensor Photo and Actuators Exit-2/L and 2/S: These Actuators and Sensor detect when paper passes the position just before the exit to the Face Down Delivery Tray. This Sensor Photo (PL3.2.8) is also called Sensor Exit-2 or Exit-2 Sensor in this manual. Gear Duplex ASSY.: Transmits the drive power generated by the Drive ASSY. Main to the optional Duplex Unit.
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Lever Jam Clear:
Chapter 2
Operating Principles
PAPER TRANSPORTATION II (1)
This lever is pressed down by the Cover Assembly Exit and presses the Roll Pinch PreRegistration against the Roll Assembly Turn. When the Cover Assembly Exit is open, the Lever Jam Clear is released and releases the Roll Pinch Pre-Registration. This makes jam clear easier.
Roll Pinch Pre-Registration: This pinch roll is pressed against the Roll Assembly Turn by the Cover Assembly Exit by means of the Spring-Hold Rod, Stopper Rod, and Spring NIP Pre-Registration to drive paper in cooperation with the Roll Assembly Turn.
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Chapter 2
Operating Principles
PAPER TRANSPORTATION II (2)
Solenoid MBF and Gear MBF: Control the start and stop of the rotation of the Roll Assembly MBF. When the Solenoid MBF is actuated, the MBF Gear is unlatched and engages with the driving gear. The Gear MBF then begins to rotate, causing the Roll Assembly MBF to rotate. After one revolution, the Gear MBF disengage from the driving gear and is latched by the Solenoid MBF.