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EPSON
COLOR INK-JET PRINTER
EPSON Stylus Color 400
SERVICE MANUAL
SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION
4007366
NOTICE
All rights reserved. Reproduction of any part of this manual in any form whatsoever
without SEIKO EPSON's express written permission is forbidden.
The contents of this manual are subjects to change without notice. All efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this manual.
However, should any errors be detected, SEIKO EPSON would greatly appreciate being informed of them.
The above notwithstanding SEIKO EPSON can assume no responsibility for any errors
in this manual or the consequences thereof. EPSON is a registered trademark of SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION.
General Notice: Other product names used herein are for identification purposes only and may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.
Copyright © 1997 by SEIKO EPSON CORPORATION Nagano, Japan
PRECAUTIONS
Precautionary notations throughout the text are categorized relative to 1) personal injury and 2) damage to equipment.
WARNING
Signals a precaution which, if ignored, could result in serious or fatal personal injury. Great caution should be exercised in performing procedures preceded by WARNING Headings.
CAUTION
Signals a precaution which, if ignored, could result in damage to equipment.
The precautionary measures itemized below should always be observed when performing repair/maintenance procedures.
WARNING
1. ALWAYS DISCONNECT THE PRODUCT FROM BOTH THE POWER SOURCE AND PERIPHERAL DEVICES PERFORMING ANY MAINTENANCE OR REPAIR PROCEDURES. 2. NO WORK SHOULD BE PERFORMED ON THE UNIT BY PERSONS UNFAMILIAR WITH BASIC SAFETY MEASURES AS DICTATED FOR ALL ELECTRONICS TECHNICIANS IN THEIR LINE OF WORK. 3. WHEN PERFORMING TESTING AS DICTATED WITHIN THIS MANUAL. DO NOT CONNECT THE UNIT TO A POWER SOURCE UNTIL INSTRUCTED TO DO SO. WHEN THE POWER SUPPLY CABLE MUST BE CONNECTED, USE EXTREME CAUTION IN WORKING ON POWER SUPPLY AND OTHER ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS.
CAUTION
1. REPAIRS ON EPSON PRODUCT SHOULD BE PERFORMED ONLY BY EPSON CERTIFIED REPAIR TECHNICIAN. 2. MAKE CERTAIN THAT THE SOURCE VOLTAGE IS THE SAME AS THE RATED VOLTAGE, LISTED ON THE SERIAL NUMBER/RATING PLATE. IF THE EPSON PRODUCT HAS A PRIMARY AC RATING DIFFERENT FROM AVAILABLE POWER SOURCE, DO NOT CONNECT IT TO THE POWER SOURCE. 3. ALWAYS VERIFY THAT THE EPSON PRODUCT HAS BEEN DISCONNECTED FROM THE POWER SOURCE BEFORE REMOVING OR REPLACING PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARDS AND/OR INDIVIDUAL CHIPS. 4. IN ORDER TO PROTECT SENSITIVE MICROPROCESSORS AND CIRCUITRY, USE STATIC DISCHARGE EQUIPMENT, SUCH AS ANTI-STATIC WRIST STRAPS, WHEN ACCESSING INTERNAL COMPONENTS. 5. REPLACE MALFUNCTIONING COMPONENTS ONLY WITH THOSE COMPONENTS BY THE MANUFACTURE; INTRODUCTION OF SECOND-SOURCE ICs OR OTHER
NONAPPROVED COMPONENTS MAY DAMAGE THE PRODUCT AND VOID ANY APPLICABLE EPSON WARRANTY.
PREFACE
This manual describes functions, theory of electrical and mechanical operations, maintenance, and repair of EPSON Stylus Color 400. The instructions and procedures included herein are intended for the experience repair technician, and attention should be given to die precautions on the preceding page. The Chapters are organized as follows:
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Provides a general product overview, lists specifications, and illustrates the main components of the printer.
CHAPTER 2. OPERATING PRINCIPLES
Describes the theory of printer operation.
CHAPTER 3. DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY
Includes a step-by-step guide for product disassembly and assembly.
CHAPTER 4. ADJUSTMENT
Includes a step-by-step guide for adjustment.
CHAPTER 5. TROUBLESHOOTING
Provides EPSON-approved techniques for troubleshooting.
CHAPTER 6. MAINTENANCE
Describes preventive maintenance techniques and lists lubricants and adhesives required to service the equipment.
APPENDIX
Describes connector pin assignments, circuit diagrams, circuit board component layout and exploded diagram.
The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice.
REVISION SHEET
Revision Rev. A Issued Data February18. 1997 Contents First issue
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. CHAPTER 2. CHAPTER 3. CHAPTER 4. CHAPTER 5. CHAPTER 6. APPENDIX
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OPERATING PRINCIPLES DISASSEMBLY AND ASSEMBLY ADJUSTMENT TROUBLESHOOTING MAINTENANCE
Chapter 1 Product Descriptions
1.1 Features.................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Specifications .......................................................................................................1-2
1.2.1 Printing Specification............................................................................................................. 1-2 1.2.2 Paper Specification ................................................................................................................ 1-4 1.2.2.1 Cut Sheet................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.2.2.2 Transparency, Glossy Paper ..................................................................................... 1-4 1.2.2.3 Envelope.................................................................................................................... 1-4 1.2.2.4 Index Card................................................................................................................. 1-4 1.2.3 Adjust Lever Settings (PG adjust lever) ............................................................................... 1-5 1.2.4 Printing Area ........................................................................................................................... 1-5 1.2.5 Environmental Condition....................................................................................................... 1-8 1.2.6 Ink Cartridge Specifications .................................................................................................. 1-9 1.2.7 Physical Specification.......................................................................................................... 1-11 1.2.8 Input Data Buffer .................................................................................................................. 1-11 1.2.9 Electric Specification ........................................................................................................... 1-12 1.2.10 Reliability............................................................................................................................. 1-12 1.2.11 Safety Approvals................................................................................................................. 1-12 1.2.12 Acoustic Noise.................................................................................................................... 1-13 1.2.13 CE Marking .......................................................................................................................... 1-13 1.2.14 Printer Language and Emulation ...................................................................................... 1-13
1.3 Interface...............................................................................................................1-15
1.3.1 Parallel Interface (Forward Channel) .................................................................................. 1-15 1.3.2 Parallel Interface (Reverse Channel) .................................................................................. 1-16 1.3.3 Prevention Hosts from Data Transfer time-out.................................................................. 1-18
1.4 Control Panel ......................................................................................................1-19
1.4.1 Indicators............................................................................................................................... 1-19 1.4.2 Panel Functions.................................................................................................................... 1-20 1.4.3 Printer Condition and Panel Status .................................................................................... 1-22
1.5 Error Status.........................................................................................................1-23
1.5.1 Ink Out ................................................................................................................................... 1-23 1.5.2 Paper Out............................................................................................................................... 1-23 1.5.3 Paper Jam.............................................................................................................................. 1-23 1.5.4 No Ink-Cartridge ................................................................................................................... 1-24 1.5.5 Maintenance Request........................................................................................................... 1-24 1.5.6 Fatal Errors............................................................................................................................ 1-24
1.6 Printer Initialization ............................................................................................1-25 1.7 Initialization Settings..........................................................................................1-25 1.8 Main Components...............................................................................................1-26
1.8.1 Printer Mechanism ............................................................................................................... 1-26 1.8.2 C206 Main Control Board..................................................................................................... 1-26 1.8.3 C206 PSB/PSE Power Supply Board .................................................................................. 1-27 1.8.4 C206PNL(Panel) Board ........................................................................................................ 1-27
EPSON Stylus Color 400 Service Manual
1.1 Features
Stylus Color 400 is designed for PC users at home and low price for that high performance. Also, this printer has the same high color print quality(720X720dpi) as Stylus ProXL. The major printer features are;
High color print quality 720(H) x 720(V) dpi printing 4 color printing (YMCBk) Traditional and New Microwave Black 64 nozzles, CMY 21 nozzles (Black=180dpi, CMY=90dpi) During 360 dpi printing, 1 dot is fired by 2 shots and 1 dot is fired by 1 shot during 720 dpi printing. Built-in auto sheet feeder 2 Holds 100 cut-sheets (55g/m ) Holds 10 envelopes Holds 10 transparency films Holds 65 special papers High-speed print 200cps By using head drive frequency 14.4KHz, printing speed is twice faster than Stylus Color. Compact size Non-operating : 429mm(W) x 234mm(D) x 162mm(H) Operating : 429mm(W) x 695mm(D) x 309mm(H) Weight : 5.2Kg(without cartridge) Acoustic noise Approximately 45 dB Bi-directional parallel I/F(IEEE-1284 level 1 device) One unit combined black and CMY head Windows exclusive
The following table shows consumable and option. Table 1-1. Consumable Item Black Ink Cartridge Color Ink Cartridge EPSON 360 dpi Ink Jet Paper EPSON 360 dpi Ink Jet Paper EPSON 360 dpi Ink Jet Paper Photo Quality Ink Jet Paper Photo Quality Ink Jet Paper Photo Quality Ink Jet Paper Photo Quality Ink Jet Paper Photo Quality Glossy Paper(New Release) Photo Quality Glossy Paper(New Release) Photo Quality Glossy Film Photo Quality Glossy Film Photo Quality Glossy Film Ink Jet Transparencies Ink Jet Transparencies Photo Quality Ink Jet Card Photo Quality Ink Jet Card Photo Quality Ink Jet Card Photo Quality Self Adhesive Sheet Code S020093 S020089 S041025 S041059 S041060 S041026 S041061 S041062 S041067 S041126 S041124 S041071 S041124 S041107 S041063 S041064 S041054 S041121 S041122 S041106 Remark Color: Black Color: Cyan/Magenta/Yellow Size: A4(200 sheets) Size: A4(100 sheets) Size: Letter(100 sheets) Size: A4(200 sheets) Size: A4(100 sheets) Size: Letter Size: Legal Size: A4 Size: Letter Size: A4 Size: Letter Size: A6 Size: A4 Size: Letter Size: A6 Size: 5 x 8 inches Size: 10 x 8 inches Size: A4
Rev. A
1-1
Chapter1 Product Description
1.2 Specifications
This section describes each specification for Stylus Color 400; 1) Printing specification, 2) Paper specification, 3) Adjust lever settings, 4) Printing area, 5) Environmental condition, 6) Ink Cartridge specification, 7) Physical specification, 8) Electric specification, 9) Reliability.
1.2.1 Printing Specification
Print method On demand ink jet (MACH type. One unit combined with black and CMY head)
Nozzle configuration Black 64 nozzles (32x2 staggered), Color 21 nozzles x 3 (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow) (Black = Staggering 2 lines, 180 dpi, CMY= one line for each color, 90 dpi) Note) During 360 dpi printing mode, one line is completed by 2-pass for black and by 4-pass for CMY.
Print direction Bi-direction with logic seeking
Print speed and Printable columns, character pitch and print quality 360 dpi printing mode= 200 cps (Head drive frequency 14.4KHz) 720 dpi printing mode= 200 cps (Head drive frequency 14.4KHz) About 80 columns 10 pitch High quality (No draft mode)
Printable area, available dot CR speed at Raster graphics mode Refer to table 1-2. Table 1-2.Raster Graphics Mode Horizontal resolution 180 dpi 360 dpi 720 dpi Printable area 8.26 inch 8.26 inch 8.26 inch Available dot 1488 2976 5952 CR Speed 20 IPS 20 IPS 20 IPS
Nozzle configuration Refer to figure 1-1.
#1 90DPI #3 #5 180DPI
2.2578 mm Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4
10.16 mm M1 M2 M3 M4
7.9022 mm C1 #23 C2 C3 C4 #25
2.2578 mm
#24 #26
Y19 Y20 Y21
M 19 M 20 M 21
C19 C20 C21
#59 #61 #63 #60 #62 #64 (B1)
(Y)
(M)
(C)
(B2)
Figure1-1. Stylus Color 400 Nozzle Configuration
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EPSON Stylus Color 400 Service Manual
Feeding method Friction feed with ASF
Paper feed resolution 0.035mm(1/720 inch) Line spacing 1/6 inch or programmable at 1/360 inch
Paper path Cut-sheet ASF(Top entry) Feeding speed 66.6ms (1/6 inch) 153.7ms (9.03mm line spacing) 76.2ms (continues 3.0 inch/sec) Ink supply Exclusive ink cartridge(Black and CMY)
Paper holding capacity of Hopper Size : Index card Legal Thickness : Less than 8mm Paper capacity : 100 Cut sheets : 10 Envelopes : 65 Coated papers (360 dpi) : 65 Coated papers (720 dpi) : 30 Glossy papers : 10 Transparent sheets : 30 Index cards
Note) Those numbers above should be considered as reference. The actual paper accumulation should be considered first.
Character tables : 2 international character sets(Not Opened) PC437(US, Standard Europe) PC850(Multilingual)
Typeface Bit map LQ font
: EPSON Courier 10CPI
Control code ESC/P Raster EPSON Remote command
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1-3
Chapter1 Product Description
1.2.2 Paper Specification
This section describes the printable area and types of paper that can be used in this printer.
1.2.2.1 Cut Sheet
[Size] : A4 [Width 210mm(8.3") x Length 297mm(11.7")] : Letter [Width 216mm(8.5") x Length 279mm(11.0")] : B5 [Width 182mm(7.2") x Length 257mm(10.1")] : Legal [Width 216mm(8.5") x Length 356mm(14.0")] : Statement [Width 139.7mm(5.5") x Length 215.9mm(8.5")] : Exclusive [Width 190.5mm(7.5") x Length 254mm(10")] : 0.08mm(0.003") - 0.11mm(0.004") : 64g/m (17Ib.) - 90g/m (24Ib.) : Exclusive paper, Bond paper, PPC
2 2
[Thickness] [Weight] [Quality]
1.2.2.2 Transparency, Glossy Paper
[Size] : A4[Width 210mm(8.3") x Length 297mm(11.7")] : Letter[Width 216mm(8.5") x Length 279mm(11.0")] : 0.075mm(0.003") - 0.085mm(0.0033")
[Thickness]
Note) Transparency printing is only available at normal temperature.
1.2.2.3 Envelope
[Size] : No.10 Width 241mm(9 1/2") x Length 104.8mm(4 1/8") : DL Width 220mm(8.7") x Length 110mm(4.3") : C6 Width 162mm(6.4") x Length 114mm(4.5") : 0.16mm(0.006") - 0.52mm(0.02") : 45g/m (12Ib.) - 75g/m (20Ib.) : Bond paper, Plain paper, Air mail
2 2
[Thickness] [Weight] [Quality]
Note 1) Envelope printing is only available at normal temperature. Note 2) Keep the longer side of the envelope horizontally at setting.
1.2.2.4 Index Card
[Size] : A6 Index card: Width 105mm(4.1") x Length 148mm(5.8") : A5 Index card: Width 148mm(5.8") x Length 210mm(8.3") : 5x8" Index card: Width 127mm(5.0" x Length 203mm(8.0") : 10x8" Index card: Width 127mm(5.0") x Length 203mm(8.0") : Less than 0.23mm(0.0091")
[Thickness]
Note 1) No curled, wrinkled, scuffing or torn paper be used. Note 2) Set the lever to the proper position according to the paper type you print. (Refer to section 1.2.3 for details) Note 3) Printing should be performed at room temperature in spite of the paper types.
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EPSON Stylus Color 400 Service Manual
1.2.3 Adjust Lever Settings (PG adjust lever)
The adjust lever located on the right side(blue) under the printer cover needs to be set to the proper position according to the paper you print. (Refer to the table below). Also, if there is any dirt caused by friction on the wavy or wrinkled paper, this can be prevented by changing the lever position to rear position (marked with "+") in spite of paper types. Table 1-3.Adjust Lever Settings Paper Normal paper, Coated paper Envelopes Lever position Front Rear PG adjustment value 0 mm (1.1mm between head and platen) 0.9 mm (2.0mm between head and platen)
Front (Mark "0")
Rear (Mark "+")
Level adjustment lever
CR Guide Shaft Bush
Figure 1-2. Adjust Lever Settings
Rev. A
1-5
Chapter1 Product Description
1.2.4 Printing Area
[Cut Sheet] Following tables show printable areas at Character mode and Raster Graphics mode. Table 1-4. Character Table PW(Paper width) (typ) A4 210mm(8.3") Letter 216mm(8.5") B5 182mm(7.2") Legal 216mm(8.5") Statement 139.7mm(5.5") Executive 190.5mm(7.5") Paper size PL(Paper Length) (typ.) 297mm(11.7") 279mm(11.0") 257mm(10.1") 356mm(14.0") 215.9mm(8.5") 254mm(10") LM(Left margin) (min.) 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") RM(Right margin) (min.) 3mm(0.12") 9mm(0.35") 3mm(0.12") 9mm(0.35") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") TM(Top margin) (min.) 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") BM(Bottom margin) (min.) 14mm(0.54") 14mm(0.54") 14mm(0.54") 14mm(0.54") 14mm(0.54") 14mm(0.54")
Table 1-5. Raster Graphics Mode PW(Paper width) (typ) A4 210mm(8.3") Letter 216mm(8.5") B5 182mm(7.2") Legal 216mm(8.5") Statement 139.7mm(5.5") Executive 190.5mm(7.5") Paper size PL(Paper Length) (typ.) 297mm(11.7") 279mm(11.0") 257mm(10.1") 356mm(14.0") 215.9mm(8.5") 254mm(10") LM(Left margin) (min.) 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12")
PW
RM(Right margin) (min.) 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12")
TM(Top margin) (min.) 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12")
BM(Bottom margin) (min.) 14mm(0.54") 14mm(0.54") 14mm(0.54") 14mm(0.54") 14mm(0.54") 14mm(0.54")
LM
RM
TM
Printable Area
PL
BM
Figure 1-3. Printing Area for Cut Sheets
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EPSON Stylus Color 400 Service Manual
[Envelope] The table and figure below show the printable area for envelopes. Table 1-6. Printable Area for Envelope Paper size LM(Left margin) (min.) 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") RM(Right margin) (min.) 28mm(1.10") 7mm(0.28") 3mm(0.12") TM(Top margin) (min.) 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") 3mm(0.12") BM(Bottom margin) (min.) 14mm(0.55") 14mm(0.55") 14mm(0.55")
#10 DL C6
LM
RM
TM
Printable area
BM
Figure 1-4. Printing Area for Envelope
Rev. A
1-7
Chapter1 Product Description
1.2.5 Environmental Condition
Temperature Operating :10 to 35 °C (Refer to the figure below for condition) Non-operating : -20 to 60 °C(with shipment container) Note) 1 month at 40 °C and 120 hours at 60 °C
Humidity Operating
Non-operating
: 20% 80% RH (without condensation. Refer to the figure below for condition) : 5% 85% RH (without condensation and with shipment container)
Humidity (% RH) 80%
Guaranteed range
55%
20%
10°C (50°F)
27°C (80°F)
35°C (95°F)
°C (°F)
Figure 1-5. Temperature/Humidity of Range
Resistance to shock Operating Non-operating
: 1G, within 1 ms : 2G, within 2 ms
X,Y,Z directions X,Y,Z directions (with shipment container)
Resistance to vibration Operating : 0.15G, 1055Hz Non-operating : 0.50G, 1055Hz
X,Y,Z directions X,Y,Z directions (with shipment container)
Note 1) Note 2) Note 3)
Note 4)
During non-operating, make sure that the head is capped. During the transport, make sure that the head is capped and ink cartridge is installed to the printer. If the head is not capped at the power-off state, turn the power on with installed ink cartridge and turn off the power after confirming that Power on operation is completed and the head is capped. Ink will be frozen under -4°C environment, however it will be useable after placing it more than 3 hours at 25°C.
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EPSON Stylus Color 400 Service Manual
1.2.6 Ink Cartridge Specifications
[Black Ink Cartridge] Table 1-7.Black Cartridge Specification Item Type Color Print capacity Validity Environmental conditions Specifications Exclusive cartridge Black 540 pages / A4 (ISO/IE10561 Letter Pattern at 360 dpi) 2 years (sealed in package) / 6months(out of package) Temperature Storage : -20°C40°C(within a month at 40°C) Packing storage : -30°C40°C (within a month at 40°C) Transit : -30°C60°C (within 120 hours at 60°C and within a month at 40°C) Humidity 5%85%(without condensation) Resistance to vibration Sealed in package : 555Hz Acceleration : 29.4m/s less than <3G> Direction : X, Y, Z direction Time : 1 hour Drop Sealed in package : Dropping height : Less than 0.08m Direction : Drop the printer facing the bottom, sides and one edge down. Out of package: Dropping height : Less than 1.50m Frequency : Once 19.8mm(W) x 52.7(D) x 38.5mm(H) Total ink cartridge : 54g Total ink : 16.4 ± 0.5g (Quantity in the ink cartridge) Consumable ink : More than 12.1g(Useable ink quantity until ink ends)
Dimension Weight
Note 1) Note 2) Note 3)
Ink cartridge can not re-fill, only ink cartridge is prepared for article of consumption. Do not use the ink cartridge which is passed away the ink life. Ink will be frozen under -4°C environment, however it will be usual after placing it more than 3 hours at room temperature.
19.8
52.7
51.2
38.5
18.3
Figure 1-6. Ink Cartridge (Black)
Rev. A
1-9
Chapter1 Product Description [Color Ink Cartridge]
Table 1-8. Color Ink Cartridge Specification Item Type Color Print capacity Validity Environmental conditions Specifications Exclusive cartridge Magenta, Cyan, Yellow 320 pages / A4 (360 dpi, 5% duty each color) 2 years (sealed in package) / 6months(out of package) Temperature Storage : -20°C40°C (within a month at 40°C) Packing storage : -30°C40°C (within a month at 40°C) Transit : -30°C60°C (within 120 hours at 60°C and within a month at 40°C) Humidity 5%85%(without condensation) Resistance to vibration Sealed in package : 555Hz Acceleration : 29.4m/s less than <3G> Direction : X, Y, Z direction Time : 1 hour Drop Sealed in package : Dropping height : Less than 0.08m Direction : Drop the printer facing the bottom, sides and one edge down. Out of package: Dropping height : Less than 1.50m Frequency : Once 42.9mm(W) x 52.7(D) x 38.5mm(H) Total ink cartridge : 68g Total ink : 13.3 0.5g (Quantity in the ink cartridge) Consumable ink : More than 10.1g/each color(Useable ink quantity until ink ends)
Dimension Weight
Note 1) Note 2) Note 3)
Ink cartridge can not re-fill, only ink cartridge is prepared for article of consumption. Do not use the ink cartridge which is passed away the ink life. Ink will be frozen under -4°C environment, however it will be usual after placing it more than 3 hours at room temperature.
43.2
52.7
51.2
42.9
38.5
41.4
Figure 1-7. Ink Cartridge (Color)
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EPSON Stylus Color 400 Service Manual
1.2.7 Physical Specification
[Dimension] : 429mm(W) x 234mm(D) x 162mm(H) : 429mm(W) x 695mm(D) x 309mm(H) with extended stacker and paper support. : 5.2Kg
[Weight]
1.2.8 Input Data Buffer
10 K byte
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Chapter1 Product Description
1.2.9 Electric Specification
[120V version] [Rated voltage] [Input voltage range] [Rated frequency range] [Input frequency range] [Rated current] [Power consumption] : AC120V : AC103.5132V : 5060Hz : 49.560.5Hz : 0.4A(Max. 0.5A) : Approx.15W(ISO/IEC 10561 Letter pattern) : Energy Star compliant : 10M ohms min.(between AC line and chassis, DC500V) : AC1000 V rms. 1 minute or AC1200 Vrms. 1 second (between AC line and chassis)
[Insulation Resistance] [Dielectric strength]
[220240V version] [Rated voltage] [Input voltage range] [Rated frequency range] [Input frequency range] [Rated current] [Power consumption] : AC220V240V : AC198264V : 5060Hz : 49.560.5Hz : 0.2 A(Max. 0.3A) : Approx.15W(ISO/IEC 10561 Letter pattern) : Energy Star compliant : 10M ohms min.(between AC line and chassis, DC500V) : AC1500 V rms. 1 minute (between AC line and chassis)
[Insulation Resistance] [Dielectric strength]
1.2.10 Reliability
[Total print volume] [Print head life] : 10,000 pages(A4, letter) : 2000 million dots/nozzle
1.2.11 Safety Approvals
[120V version] Safety standard EMI : UL1950 with D3 : CSA22.2 No.950 with D3 : FCC part 15 subpart B class B : CSA C108.8 class B
[220240V] Safety standard EMI
: EN 60950(VDE,NEMKO) : EN55022(CISPR Pub.22) class B : AS/NZS 3548 class B
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1.2.12 Acoustic Noise
[Level] : Approx.45 dB(A) (According to ISO 7779)
1.2.13 CE Marking
[220-240V version] Low voltage Directive 73/23/EEC :EN60950 EMC Directive 89/336/EEC :EN55022 Class B EN61000-3-2 EN61000-3-3 EN50082-1 IEC801-2 IEC801-3 IEC801-4
1.2.14 Printer Language and Emulation
[Printer Language] : ESC/P Raster : EPSON Remote [ESC/P control codes] < Character mode > General Operation Initialize Printer
: ESC@
Paper feeding Form Feed Line Feed Carriage Return
: FF : LF : CR
General operation Initialize Printer Unidirectional Printing CSF Mode Control
: ESC@ : ESC U : ESC EM
Paper feeding: Form Feed Line Feed Line Spacing Carriage Return Page format Page Length Top/Bottom Margin
: FF : LF : ESC+ : CR
: ESC(C : ESC(c
Print position motion Horizontal Print Position Vertical Print Position Spacing Define Unit Graphics Graphics Mode Raster Graphics Micro weave control
: ESC$,ESC\ : ESC (V,ESC (v
: ESC(U
: ESC(G : ESC. : ESC(i
Printing mode Printing mode
: ESC(K
Rev. A
1-13
Chapter1 Product Description
Color Printing color
: ESC r, ESC(r : ESC
EEPROM control EEPROM control
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1.3 Interface
This printer provides parallel interface as standard.
1.3.1 Parallel Interface (Forward Channel)
[Transmission mode] [Synchronization] [Handshaking] [Signal level] [Adaptable connector] : 8 bit parallel, IEEE-1284 compatibility mode : By /STOPBE pulse : BY BUSY and /ACKLG signal : TTL compatible level : 57-30360(amphenol) or equivalent
BUSY signal is set high before setting either/ERROR low or PE high and held high until all these signals return to their inactive state. BUSY signal is at high level in the following cases. During data entry (see Data transmission timing) When input data buffer is full During -INIT signal is at low level or during hardware initialization During printer error (See /ERROR signal)
/ERROR signal is at low level when the printer is in one of the following states. Printer hardware error (fatal error) Paper-out error Paper-jam error Ink-out error PE signal is at high level during paper-out error. Table 1-9 shows the signal and connector pin assignments for parallel interface(forward channel*1). In case of these signals, twist pair line is used and returning side is connected to signal GND. (*1): Forward channel is the mode when the ordinary data such as an order to print is sent from the PC to the printer. Table 1-9. Signal and Connector Pin Assignment for Parallel Interface Pin No. 1 2-9 Signal Name /STROBE DATA0-7 Return GND pin In/Out Functional Description 19 In The strobe pulse. Read-in of data is performed at the falling edge of this pulse. 20-27 In The DATA0 through DATA7 signals represent data bits 0 to 7, respectively. Each signal is at high level when data is logical 1 and low level when data is logical 0. 28 Out This signal is a negative pulse indicating that the printer can again accept data. 29 Out A high signal indicates that the printer cannot receive data. 28 Out A high signal indicates paper-out error. 28 Out Always at high level when the printer is powered on. 30 In Not used. 30 In The falling edge of a negative pulse or a low signal on this line causes the printer to initialize. Minimum 50 us pulse is necessary. 29 Out A low signal indicates printer error condition. 30 In Not used. Out Pulled up to +5V via 3.9K ohm resistor. Out Pulled up to +5V via 3.3K ohm resistor. Chassis GND. Signal GND. Not connected.
10 11 12 13 14 31
/ACKNLG BUSY PE SLCT /AFXT /INIT
32 36 18 35 17 16,33,19-30 15,34
/ERROR /SLIN Logic H +5V Chassis GND GND NC
Note) In/Out refers to the direction of signal flow from the printer's point of view.
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1.3.2 Parallel Interface (Reverse Channel)
[Transmission mode] [Synchronization] [Handshaking] [Data trans. timing] [Signal level] : IEEE-1284 nibble mode : Refer to the IEEE-1284 specification : Refer to the IEEE-1284 specification : Refer to the IEEE-1284 specification : IEEE-1284 level 1 device : TTL compatible level [Adaptable connector] : 57-30360(amphenol) or equivalent [Extensibility request] : The printer responds affirmatively when the extensibility request values are 00H or 04H, that mean, 00H :Request Nibble Mode Reverse Channel Transfer. 04H :Request device ID; Return Data using Nibble Mode Rev Channel Transfer. Note) The printer sends following device ID string when it is requested.
Table 1-10. Device ID Description Contents <00H> <3CH> MFG EPSON Production Maker CMD ESCPL2,BDC Command system MDL Stylus[SP]Color[SP] 400 Model name CLS PRINTER Class Note) [00H] denotes a hexadecimal value of zero. MDL value depends on the EEPROM setting. Note) MDL value depends on the EEPROM setting. Model name can be changed by changing a certain address in the EEPROM. The table below shows pin assignment for reverse channel(*3). In these case of signals, twist pair line is used and returning side is connected to Signal GND.(*3): Reverse channel is the mode that any data is transferred from the printer to the PC. Table 1-11. Pin Assignment for Reverse Channel Signal Name Return In/Out Functional description GND pin 1 HostClk 19 In Host clock signal. 2-9 Data0-7 20-27 In The DATA0 through DATA7 signals represent data bits 0 to7, respectively. Each signal is at high level when data is logical 1 and low level when data is logical 0. These signals are used to transfer the 1284 extensibility request values to the printer. 10 PrtClk 28 Out Printer clock signal. 11 PtrBusy, Data Bit-3,7 29 Out Printer busy signal and reverse channel transfer data bit 3 or 7. 12 AckDataReq, DataBit-2,6 28 Out Acknowledge data request signal and reverse channel transfer data bit 2 or 6. 13 Xflag, DataBit-1,5 28 Out X-flag signal and reverse channel transfer data bit 1 or 5. 14 HostBusy 30 In Host busy signal. 31 /INIT 30 In Not used. 32 /DataAvail, DataBit-0,4 29 Out Data available signal and reverse channel transfer data bit 0 or 4. 36 1284-Active 30 In 1284 active signal. 18 Logic-H Out Pulled up to +5V via 3.9K ohm resister. 35 +5V Out Pulled up to +5V via 3.3K ohm resister. 17 Chassis GND Chassis GND. 16,33,19-30 GND Signal GND. 15,34 NC Not connected. Pin No.
Note) In/Out refers to the direction of signal flow from the printer's point of view.
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Following lists "Notes" when using Parallel Interface.
Note1) "Return GND pin" in the table means twist pair return and is used for all control signals except for Logic H,+5V, Chassis, GND and NC. In this twist pair return, returning side is connected to GND (16,33, 19-30 pin) for twist pair return. Also, these cables are shielded wires and it is effective to connect to each chassis GND in the PC and printer for electrostatic noise. Note2) Conditions for Interface are based on TTL level. Rise and fall time should be within 0.2µs. Note3) Refer to the figure 1-8 for transmission timing of each signals. Note4) Do not perform data transmission ignoring /ACK or BUSY signal. (Perform the data transmission after confirming that /ACK and BUSY signals are Low.) Note5) It is possible to perform the printing test including interface circuit without using equipment from outside when 8-bit data signal(20-27 pin) is set to appropriate word code and connect them forcefully to /ACK and /STRB.
[Data Transmission Timing for Forward Channel]
Data
Byte Data n
Thold
Byte Data n+1
/STROBE
Tsetup Tnext
BUSY
Tstrb
/ACKNLG
Tready
Tbusy
Treply
Tack
Tnbusy
Figure 1-8. Parallel Interface Timing Chart(Forward Channel)
Table 1-12. Maximum and Minimum Timing for Data Transmission Parameter Minimum tsetup 500ns thold 500ns tstb 500ns tready 0 tbusy --tt-out* --tt-in** --treply 0 tack 500ns tnbusy 0 tnext 0 * Rise and fall time of every output signals. ** Rise and fall time of every input signals. Typical time of tack is shown below. Table 1-13. Typical Time of Tack Parallel I/F mode High speed Normal speed Typical time of tack 2us 4us Maximum --------500ns 120ns 200ns --10us -----
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[Signal level: TTL compatible (IEEE-1284 level 1 device)] Table 1-14. Signal Level Parameter Minimum Maximum Condition VOH* --5.5V VOL* -0.5V --IOH* --0.32mA VOH = 2.4V IOL --12mA VOL = 0.4V CO --50pF VIH --2.0V VIL 0.8V --IIH --0.32mA VIH = 2.0V IIL --12mA VIL = 0.8V CI --50pF *A low logic level on the Logic H signal is 2.0V or less when the printer is powered off and this signal is equal or exceeding 3.0V when the printer is powered on. The receiver shall provide an impedance equivalent to 7.5K ohm to ground.
[Data Transmission Timing for Reverse Channel] The figure below shows timing chart of Parallel Interface Reverse channel.
Virtual Busy Status
Virtual Busy Status
Figure 1-9. Parallel Interface Timing Chart(Reverse Channel)
1.3.3 Prevention Hosts from Data Transfer time-out
Generally, hosts abandon data transfer to peripherals when a peripheral is in the busy state for dozens of seconds continuously. To prevent hosts this kind of time-out, the printer receives data very slowly, several bytes per minute, even if the printer is in busy state. This showdown is started when the rest of the input buffer becomes several hundreds of bytes. Finally, the printer is in the busy state continuously when the input buffer is full.
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1.4 Control Panel
Since Stylus Color 400 does not require many buttons since printer driver can start various settings and motions. Therefore, there are only 2 non-lock type push switches, 1 lock type push switch and 4 LEDs. Following figure shows control panel of Stylus Color 400.
Power LED Paper Out LED Ink Out(Bk) LED Ink Out(CMY) LED
Cleaning Switch (Ink maintenance)
Load/Eject Switch
Power on Switch
Figure 1-10. Control Panel
1.4.1 Indicators
(1) Power Lights when the operate switch is "ON", and AC power is supplied. (2) Paper out Lights during the paper-out condition, and blinks during the paper-jam condition. (3) Ink Out (Black) Lights during no Black ink condition, and blinks during the Black ink low condition. (4) Ink Out (Color) Lights during no Color ink condition, and blinks during the Color ink low condition.
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1.4.2 Panel Functions
< Panel Functions > Table 1-15. Panel Function Switch Load/Eject (Pushing within 2 seconds*) Load/Eject (Pushing for 2 seconds*) Cleaning (Pushing for 2 seconds*)
Loads or Eject the paper. When carriage is on the Ink Cartridge change position, return carriage Starts the Ink Cartridge change sequence.** Stars the Cleaning of head. In the condition of "Ink Low" or "Ink Out" or "No Ink Cartridge" starts
Moves the carriage to cartridge change position. from Ink Cartridge change position.
Function
the Ink Cartridge change sequence.** Cleaning When carriage is on the Ink Cartridge change position, return carriage (Pushing within 2 seconds*) from Ink Cartridge change position. Note) * 3 seconds is required at the User's manual. ** This function is not available in printing status. Table 1-16. Panel Function with Power On Switch Load/Eject Cleaning Load/Eject + Cleaning
Stars status printings.** Changes a Code Page. Enters the particular settings mode. (Factory use only.)
Function
Note)
To enter the particular settings mode, it is necessary to push the cleaning switch while Paper Out LED is blinking.(It blinks about 3 seconds) ** status printings prints firmware version, ink counter, selected code page and nozzle check patterns.
Table 1-17. Particular Setting Mode Switch Function Cleaning Initialize EEPROM and reset timer IC. The next page explains the detail procedure of the EEPROM reset.
Note)
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[Maintenance Error Reset Procedure] You can reset the maintenance error by pressing the cleaning switch after you enter the particular setting mode(Refer to table 1-15.) There are no function which can be reset the all address in EEPROM on the Stylus Color 400. Followings are detail procedure of maintenance error reset operation.
WARNING
Stylus Color 400 does not have "All Clear function" for EEPROM like other printers. Therefore, it is not necessary to replace the new ink cartridge after you perform this reset operation. Be sure to replace a waste ink pad in the printer enclosure with a new one after you perform this maintenance error reset operation.
By pushing Load/Eject and Cleaning switches at the same time, turn on the switch. (By operating this performance, the LED for paper out starts blinking.<3-seconds only>) Push the cleaning switch while the LED for Paper Out is blinking (3 seconds).
[Step 1] [Step 2]
Note)
If the printer accepts this function correctly, it returns to the standby mode after the Maintenance LEDs(both Black and CMY) blink for 1 second. Following shows the lists that will be cleared by this performance. 1. Maintenance Error Reset 2. Time IC Reset 3. I/F selection (returns to AUTO) *** The value of ink counter, Bi-D adjustment, VH voltage are not cleared. ***
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1.4.3 Printer Condition and Panel Status
The table below shows printer condition and panel status. Since this table shows various error status and also present printer status, you can judge appropriate repair ways from this table. Table 1-18. Printer Condition and Panel Status Printer status Power on condition Ink sequence Ink Cartridge change mode Data processing Paper Out Paper jam condition No Ink cartridge or Ink end(black) Ink level low(black) No Ink cartridge or Ink end(color) Ink level low(color) Enter EEPROM and Timer IC reset Maintenance request Fatal error Power On Blink Blink Blink --------------Blink Blink Indicators Ink Out Ink Out (Black) (Color) ----------------Off On Blink ------Off ----On Paper Out --------On Blink ------Priority 9 6 5 8 4 3 7 7 7 7 -2 1
--Blink --On On On (1 second only) (1 second only) (1 second only) Blink Blink Blink On On Blink
Note1*): Refer to section 1.3.3 for error status. Note2*): It does not mean that all address would be cleared. Note3*): -- means no changes.
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1.5 Error Status
When following status occur, the printer goes to the error status and stops taking data, setting the /ERROR signal in the interface as "Low", and Busy signal as "High". At this time, the printer goes to non printable status. Refer to section 1.4.3 for more details of LED Panel indicators during the various error status.
1.5.1 Ink Out
When the printer runs out the most part of the ink of any one color, it warns ink-low and keeps printing. When the printer runs out the whole ink of any one color, it stops printing and indicates ink-out error. User is requested to install a new ink-cartridge in this state. A ink-cartridge once taken out should never be used again. Re-installation of the cartridge not filled fully upsets the ink level detection and may cause a serious problem in the print head as a result.
WARNING
Never use the ink cartridge once taken out.
Following explains above warning sign. [Step 1] After the cartridge is once taken out, bubbles come in from the ink supply hole located at the top of cartridge and are absorbed into the head during printing performance. Therefore, the head will be unable to discharge the ink properly. Also, inevitable entering of bubbles when installing a new ink cartridge can be absorbed to ink itself since the ink itself in the cartridge is deaerated during the production process. However, this absorbing ability can last only about one hour after the cartridge is installed. Even after the bubble absorbing ability described above stops, there is no worry about entering bubbles as long as the ink cartridge is being installed to the printer. However, if the ink cartridge which does not have absorbing ability any more is once removed from the printer, new coming bubbles into the cartridge will never disappear naturally. These bubbles may cause not only printing malfunction but also thickening ink. This thickened ink goes into the head and clogs ink path in the head or nozzle and may cause serious head damage. As standard specification for Stylus Color 400, ink consumption counter is reset when the ink cartridge is removed. If an ink cartridge is removed and re-installed unnecessarily the value on the ink consumption monitor which the user can check will be wrong and printer may keep printing even though the ink cartridge is installed empty. This may cause head damage.
[Step 2]
[Step 3]
1.5.2 Paper Out
When printer fails to load a sheet after power on operation including timer-cleaning is done and Load/Eject button on the FF command or operation panel is pressed, it goes paper out error.
1.5.3 Paper Jam
When printer fails to eject a sheet even after feeding motion is completed or Load/Eject button on the FF command or operation panel is pressed, it goes paper jam error.
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Chapter1 Product Description
1.5.4 No Ink-Cartridge
Following reasons can be the causes when printer goes this error mode. 1) When the printer is turned on for the first time. (This is a normal error state and it returns to the normal state after installing an ink cartridge according to the ink cartridge exchange operation.) 2) Ink cartridge exchange operation is done correctly. After the position of carriage is moved by exchange operation, if the cleaning switch is pushed without installing ink cartridge or if the carriage returns to the home-position automatically without doing any operation, it is considered as handling mistake. However, it returns to normal state by performing ink exchange operation again and installing cartridge correctly. 3) If "No ink-cartridge error" appears even after the ink cartridge is installed, the printer must be something wrong and around the sensor area in the carriage need to be repaired. 4) If sometimes printer can print normally but also sometimes "No ink-cartridge error" appears, the printer must be something wrong. (Same reason as 3) above)
1.5.5 Maintenance Request
When the total quantity of ink wasted through the cleanings and flushing reaches to the limit, printer indicates this error and stops. The absorber in the printer enclosure is needed to be replaced with new one by a service person. The ink quantity that is absorbed by the absorber (waste ink pad) is monitored by the software counter as "total ink counter". This counter is added by point system and absorber's maximum ability is set at the following reference value. F29500 X 0.0102 ml = Approximately 301 ml
1-point = 0.0102 ml (the value which is multiplied evaporating rate and 1-dot ink weight 0.02 ml) 29500 = Maximum point number (Maintenance error threshold)
However, considering dispersion of ink absorbing quantity and the number of using nozzles, ink total value is calculated by the following formula. F301 X 1.1 ÷ 63% = 526 ml (but up to 532ml can be retained)
WARNING
When you perform self- test after completing repairs, it is possible to check the present value of total ink counter and ink discharge conditions from all nozzles by performing status printing in the built-in function. Therefore, make sure that the printer has enough value of total ink counter (if the number is close to 29500 or not). If there is not enough value, the service man is required to judge if it is necessary to clear EEPROM after replacing the absorber (waste ink pad) or not. Refer to section 1.4.2 if you need to perform EEPROM Clear.
1.5.6 Fatal Errors
When printer detects fatal errors such as carriage control error or CG access error, it goes to this error mode. Refer to followings for each error. 1) Carriage control Error : Parallel adjustment malfunction, Home-position malfunction, Timing belt tension malfunction, shortage of lubricant on the carriage guide shaft, etc. 2) CG Access Error : Short circuit, etc.
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1.6 Printer Initialization
Stylus Color 400 has three kinds of initialization methods. Following explains each initialization. [1.Power-on initialization] This printer is initialized when turning the printer power on, or printer recognized the cold-reset command (remote RS command). When printer is initialized, following action is performed. (a) Initializes printer mechanism. (b) Clears input data buffer. (c) Clears print buffer. (d) Sets default values. [2.Operator initialization] This printer is initialized when turning the printer power on again within 10 seconds from last power off, or printer recognize the /INIT signal (negative pulse) of parallel interface. When printer is initialized, following action is performed. (a) Cap the printer head. (b) Eject a paper. (c) Clears input data buffer. (d) Clears print buffer. (e) Sets default values. [3. Software initialization] The ESC@ command also initialize the printer. When printer is initialized, following action is performed. (a) Clears print buffer. (b) Sets default values.
1.7 Initialization Settings
Stylus Color 400 initializes following settings when the initialization is performed. Also, if the user changes the settings in the Panel setting, Default setting or Remote command setting, values or settings which are possible to be stored are initialized as initialization settings.
Page position Line spacing Right margin position Left margin position Character pitch Printing mode
: Page heading location as present paper location : 1/6 inch : 80 lines : first line : 10CPI : Text mode (Not Raster graphics mode)
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1.8 Main Components
Stylus Color 400 has following major units. Also, it is one of the major characteristics that the bottom of the Printer mechanism plays the role as Lower case at the same time. Each units from 2) to 4) are simply explained as following. 1) Upper case 2) Printer Mechanism 3) C206 Main control board 4) C206 PSB/PSE(Power Supply Board) 5) C206 PNL(Panel Board)
1.8.1 Printer Mechanism
Unlike EPSON's previous ink jet printer mechanisms, one of the major characteristics of Stylus Color 400 is that the printer has no Engage/Dis-Engage mechanism in order to change over pump mechanism and paper feeding mechanism. In stead, however, this change-over control is done by the distinction between turning direction of PF/Pump motor and position of present carriage unit. Also, another major characteristic is that print head is changed to be one unit combined with black and CMY. Nozzle configuration for black is 64 nozzles (each line has 90-dpi and between #1-#2 has 180dpi). On the other hand, CMY nozzle has 21 nozzles(90dpi) for each color. Following figure shows exterior of mechanism.
1.8.2 C206 Main Control Board
C206 main control board controls Stylus Color 400 and consists of following major electric elements. 1) CPU (TMP95C061F) 2) Gate Array (E05B44BA) 3) Program ROM (EEPROM or MASK ROM) 4) D-RAM (1CAS/2WE Type: 1M-bit)
PF Motor Driver(IC15) CN10 (Pwer Supply) Carriage Motor Driver(IC14) CN1(Parallel I/F Connector)
5) EEPROM (3strings Serial Type:1K-bit) 6) LB1845 (Motor Driver) 7) With Heat Sink transistor A1469, C3746 (MACH head type)
CN2(RS422 Serial I/F) Transceiver for Serial I/F(IC16)
Battery for timer IC
ASIC E05B44(IC2) CN6(CR Motor) CN7(PF Motor)
CN3(Panel I/F) 1K-bit EEPROM(IC11) CPU TMP95C061 CN5(CRHP Sensor) Reset for Power (IC1) CN4(PE Sensor) (IC9) Dinamic RAM(IC4) CN11(ASF phase Sensor) Reset for Logic (IC8) Program ROM(EP-ROM or MASK ROM) Trapezoidal Wave form Driver(IC6) CN8(Head Control) Common Driver Transistor (Q7,Q9 with Heat Sink)
Figure 1-11. Exterior of C206 Main Control Board
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1.8.3 C206 PSB/PSE Power Supply Board
In the electric boards for Stylus Color 400, switching regulator method is used and supplies stable logic and power voltages constantly. Also, since this C206PSB board has secondly type switch for its circuit system, it is possible to keep supplying electricity to the C206 main control board for 30 seconds even after the power switch is turned off. Using this time difference, even when mis-operation is done by the user such as turning off the power during the middle of printing work, it prevents thickened ink from attaching around the nozzle plate by transferring the head to cap position.
Fuse (F1) Q1 (FET) Trans (T1) C51 CN1
Filter (L1)
CN2
C11
PC1
IC51
Figure 1-12. Exterior of C206 PSB/PSE Board
1.8.4 C206PNL(Panel) Board
Panel board (C206 PNL board) is located in the panel case where is in the right bottom of the front printer and consists of 3 switches, 4 LEDs and 1 connector.
Figure 1-13. Exterior of C206 PNL Board
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Chapter 2 Operating Principles
2.1 OVERVIEW ...............................................................................................................1
2.1.1 Printer Mechanism .................................................................................................................... 1 2.1.1.1 Printing Mechanism ...................................................................................................... 2 2.1.1.1.1 Printing Process ................................................................................................ 3 2.1.1.1.2 Printing Method ................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1.2 Carriage Mechanism .................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1.2.1 Paper Gap Adjust Mechanism ........................................................................ 10 2.1.1.3 Paper Feed Mechanism and Pump Mechanism .........................................................11 2.1.1.4 Ink System.................................................................................................................. 14 2.1.1.4.1 Pump Mechanism ........................................................................................... 15 2.1.1.4.2 Cap Mechanism .............................................................................................. 17
2.2 Electrical Circuit Operating Principles ................................................................18
2.2.1 C206 PSB/PSE Power Supply Board ..................................................................................... 19 2.2.2 C206 MAIN Board..................................................................................................................... 21 2.2.2.1 Reset Circuits ............................................................................................................. 23 2.2.2.2 Sensor Circuits ........................................................................................................... 24 2.2.2.3 EEPROM Control Circuits .......................................................................................... 25 2.2.2.4 Timer Circuit ............................................................................................................... 26 2.2.2.5 DRAM Control ............................................................................................................ 26 2.2.2.6 Print Head Control Circuit........................................................................................... 27 2.2.2.7 PF (Pump) Motor Drive Circuit ................................................................................... 30 2.2.2.8 CR Motor Drive Circuit ............................................................................................... 31
Chapter2 Operating Principles
2.1 OVERVIEW
This section describes Printer Mechanism, electric circuit board (C206 PSB/PSE, C206 Main, C206PNL board) of Stylus Color 400.
2.1.1 Printer Mechanism
Unlike previous EPSON Ink Jet printers, printer mechanism of Stylus Color 400 does not have exclusive mechanism to change over paper feeding and Pumping operation. In stead, this control is done by the turning direction of paper feed/pump motor and position of carriage at that time. Also, unlike previous print heads, print head of this printer became one unit combined with black and CMY head. Black head has 64 nozzles, 180 dpi(vertical direction) and CMY head has 21 nozzles, 90 dpi (vertical direction). Also, since these print head is driven by frequency 14.4Khz, this printer can print double resolution(1440 dpi/100-dpi) than Stylus Color. Following figure2-1 shows outline of printer mechanism.
Carriage Unit (Prinr Head Unit)
Platen Drive Mechanism
Timing Belt
Paper Pickup Mechanism
Paper Pick Up Trigger Lever
Pumping Position
Pump Drive Mechanism
Paper Feed Motor
Carriage Motor
Figure 2-1. Stylus Color 400 Printer Mechanism Block Diagram
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EPSON Stylus Color 400 Service Manual As major printer mechanisms in the figure 2-1, there are four major mechanisms as they are listed below.
1) Printing mechanism 2) Carriage unit 3) Paper pick up mechanism 4) Pump drive mechanism
2.1.1.1 Printing Mechanism
Basic principles of the print head which plays major role of printing mechanism is the same as previous models; on demand type MACH head method, but there is some difference in the resolution. (Refer to figure1-1) Also, unlike Stylus Color IIs, 820, 200 automatic correction type, in order to fix the dispersion of mufti layer piezo electric element which is used for driving each nozzles, it is necessary to input the VH value written on the side of print head by using exclusive program when you replace print head, control board, or the printer mechanism.(However, there are no resistor array to decide the VH voltage on the main control board.) Following explains print head.
PZT PZT is an abbreviation of Piezo Electric Element. Print signal from C206 board is sent through the driver board on the print head unit and to the PZT. Then, the PZT pushes the top cavity which has ink stored, and make the ink discharge from each nozzle located on the nozzle plate.
Cavity Set Ink which is absorbed from ink cartridge go through the filter and will be stored temporarily in this tank, which is called "cavity" until PZT is driven. Nozzle Plate The board with nozzle holes on the printer head surface is called Nozzle Plate.
Filter When the ink cartridge is installed, if any dirt or dust around the cartridge needles are absorbed into the head inside, there is a great possibility of causing nozzle clog and disturbance of ink flow and finally causing alignment failure and dot-missing. In order to prevent this, filter is set at cartridge needle below and ink is once filtered here.
Printhead driver board
Ink Cartridge Sensor Actuator Cartridge needle
(Ink Cartridge)
PZT Cavity set Nozzle Plate
Filter Ink Supply Tube
Figure 2-2. Print Head Sectional Drawing
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Chapter2 Operating Principles
2.1.1.1.1 Printing Process
Following figures indicate the sectional drawing of normal state and ejecting state of the print head. (1) Normal State: When the print signal is not output, PTZ also does not move in the waiting state(normal state).
Ink Course
PZT
Cavity
Nozzle
Nozzle Plate
Figure 2-3. Print Head Normal State
(2) Ejecting State: When the print signal is output from the C206 main board, IC(IR2C72C:Nozzle Selector) located on the Print head unit latches the data once by 1-byte unit. Appropriate PZT latched by nozzle selector is pushed into the cavity by applying common voltage from the C206 main board. By this operation, ink that is stored in the cavity pops out from nozzles.
Figure 2-4. Print Head Ejecting State
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2.1.1.1.2 Printing Method
This section explains printing method of actual printing such as printing text at various resolution select/printing mode and graphics printing. In order to prevent white or color banding which are peculiar problem of ink-jet, new Micro-Weave functions are added to the previous Micro-Weave function. The number of nozzles and printing mode according to the selected resolution are used separately by a user. The table below shows relation between selected resolution and printing mode. 1) Full Overlap Micro-Weave 2) Part Line Overlap Micro-Weave 3) Micro-Weave: (same as previous control) Table 2-1. Resolution and Printing mode Paper feed Forward Non pitch OverlapOverlap[inch] Nozzle Nozzle 15/360 31/360 15/720 29/720 #16#30 --#16#30 #30#32 --#1#31 --#4#29
Vertical direction [dpi] 360 720
Printing mode
Backward OverlapNozzle #1#15 --#1#15 #1#3
Not used Nozzle
FOL M/W M/W FOL M/W POL M/W
#31#32 #32 #31#32 ---
Note1: Note2: Note3: Note4:
M/W means Micro-Weave. FOL means Full Overlap Micro-Weave. POL means Part line Overlap Micro- Weave. Forward Overlap-Nozzle and backward Overlap -Nozzle are described in the [1.Full Overlap Mirco-Weave] and [2.Part line Overlap Micro-Weave] below.
Following explains operation outlines of new Micro-Weave functions listed above. [1. Full Overlap Micro-Weave] In order to print one line at horizontal direction, this printing method is designed to complete a printing pattern by two-pass carriage operation with two different types of dot. When this two different types of dot pass one same line twice, it does not print the same dot twice.
The nozzles whose configuration completely match to the black and CMY nozzle are used. (Usually Micro-Weave type) Therefore, all nozzles in case of CMY nozzle and #1#63 nozzles in the B2 line in case of black head are its objects. (B1 line is not used at Micro-Weave. Refer to figure1-1 for detail of nozzle configuration.) Out of these 4 color nozzle objects, the number of all nozzles which are going to be used are divided equally into 2 groups. Paper feeding will be done as many as each number of nozzles which are divided into two groups and the same number of dots.(for example, if there are two 10-nozzle groups during 360-dpi printing at longitudinal direction, paper feeding of 10/360-inch becomes available.) At this time, two groups perform Micro-Weave individually and particular lines are passed by two different nozzles.
Note1) These nozzles which are divided into two groups must be set and divided in order to be a pair of odd and even number.
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Note2)
Chapter2 Operating Principles Two groups which are divided according to each elements will be divided either even dot or odd dot when particular lines(level direction line) are formed and eventually, these lines will be completed at selected resolution. Following is a conceptual figure when full overlap microweave orms a particular line.
Nozzle No.#9 Nozzle No.#4
Condition: 360-dpi printing Nozzle: Total 10 nozzle/each color
Particular line(Completed line)
360-dpi
Figure 2-5. Full Overlap Micro-Weave
Note 3)
The way firmware decides which nozzle becomes even dot or odd dot is determined as it is described below.
If the line which is about to be printed is even line: First dot prints odd dot lines and 2nd dot prints even dot lines.
If the line which is about to be printed is odd line: 1st dot prints even dot lines and 2nd dot prints odd dot lines. Eventually, horizontal resolution will be the same resolution as selected one.
[2.Part Line Overlap Micro-Weave] This printing method is to perform Micro-Weave printing, overlapping a part of nozzles which are used for printing. As a result, a part of raster which is overlapped consists of different browse with different nozzles. The figure below shows 1-line Overlap at 5-dot sending as an example with explanation on the next page.
Pass1
#1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6
2 3 4
Note1: The paper feed pitch is 5/360-dpi in this figure. Note2: Mark of and mean overlap nozzle.
5 6 7
Raster 1
Raster 10
8 9 10 11
Figure 2-6. Part line Overlap Micro-Weave
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EPSON Stylus Color 400 Service Manual The difference between Full-Overlap Micro-Weave and Part line Overlap Micro-Weave are following;
Full-Overlap Micro-Weave: Printing is performed, judging if nozzles are even or odd dot by 2 different dots with all different rasters. Part line Overlap Micro-Weave: After particular nozzles(only#1, and #6 in the figure2-7) are determined as overlap nozzles, even or odd dot will be determined like Full-overlap Micro-Weave does. (Forward Overlap Nozzle is determined as even and backward nozzle is odd.) Also, nozzles other than particular nozzles can print at even and odd dot just by one nozzle.
: Head drive frequency is driven half of the ordinal one like 2) below. : Head drive frequency is twice as much as overlap nozzle.
1) Overlap Nozzle 2) Nozzle other than Overlap nozzle
Usually, the firmware changes over automatically these full overlap Micro-Weave, Part line Overlap Micro-Weave, and ordinal Micro-weave according to the selection of resolution. Also, when these three printing modes are performed by the Stylus Color 400, the printer performs top and bottom margin process in order to control the overprinting volume as little as possible.
2-6
Rev.A
Chapter2 Operating Principles
2.1.1.2 Carriage Mechanism
Carriage mechanism is to drive the carriage with print head mounted from left to right or vice versa. The carriage drive motor in this printer is a 4-phase, 200-pole, stepping motor and is driven by 1-2phase, 2-2phase and W1-2phase drive method. This stepping motor allows the carriage to move freely to the particular positions which is necessary for various operation, such as paper feeding, ink absorbing, flashing, ink exchange and cleaning operations. The tables below shows carriage motor specifications and motor controls at each mode. Table 2-2. Carriage Motor Specification Item Description Motor type 4-phase/200-pole Stepping motor Drive voltage Range 42VDC ± 5% Internal coil resistance 7.8 Ohms ± 10%(per phase under 25 °C environment) Driving speed(frequency) range[csp(pps)] 5(60)340(4080) Control method Bi-Pola Drive
Mode High speed skip Printing(Normal) Printing(SLQ) Capping Wiping Cap(valve release) Withdrawal of cap
Table 2-3. Motor Control at Each Mode Driving speed Drive frequency Drive method [CSP] [PPS] 340 4080 W1-2, 2-2,1-2phase drive* 200 2400 W1-2phase drive 100 1200 W1-2phase drive 80 960 W1-2phase drive 40 480 W1-2phase drive 20 240 W1-2phase drive 5 60 W1-2phase drive
*Note 1): The reason why plural drive methods exist is that following some sequences described below exist in the each mode and stable carriage operation and printing are performed individually by different drive methods. This drive method is especially necessary for high speed skip.
Acceleration 1 mode Acceleration 2 mode Deceleration 1 mode Deceleration 2 mode
A /A
Rotor
B /B
C206 MAIN Board Connecter CN6
Figure 2-7. CR(PF) Motor Internal Block Diagram
Rev.A
2-7
EPSON Stylus Color 400 Service Manual The table below shows W1-2 phase drive sequence at each steps when the rotor of carriage motor makes one rotation. In the Stylus Color 400, in addition to a function that printing is performed with W1-2 drive phase, high speed skip mode which is a function to skip over the blank from the end of the printing data to the next data starting point with high seed can be also performed by 2-2 and 1-2 phase drive. W1-2 phase requires 4 times as much steps as 2-2 phase drive, calculating 2-2 phase as standard. By using this method, it becomes possible to supply constant stable torque to the motor. As a result, it also became difficult to be influenced by vibration from the printer mechanism during printing.
Table 2-4. Motor Drive Sequence(W1-2 phase drive) Phase A Phase B Phase a 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 0 X 1 1 1 1