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20 cps Dial We-20-200 cps
200 kc
to . Ranges-4 10. 100. 1000 times
(1, Calibratlon Points-41dial calibration) Page4-5-6-7
AUDIO OSCILLATORS
Dial Scale-7-70 cps Calibration Poin!s-78
202D Ranges-4 (1, 10, 100, 1000 times dial calibration)
Dial Scale A-2,50 cps Calibration Points-81 Page 4-5-6-7
. ----
cps Dial I
to i Ranges-3 (1, 10, 100 times dial calibration)
200I 6 kc Dial Scale 6-20-60 cps Calibration Points-109 Page 4-5-6-7
Ranges-3 (1, 10, 100 times dial calibration)
_ - ------I--^-
Dial Scale-20-200 cps
201B 20 kc (1, to,
Ranges-3 Calibration times dial
Points-95 Page8-9
20 CPS Dial cps
AUDIO SIGNAL GENERATORS 205AG Calibration Points-80
Ranges-3 (1, 10. 100 times dial calibration)
Page12113
Dial Scale-1-10 kc
205AH Calibration Points-130
Ranges-2 (1, 10 times dial calibration) i Page 12-13
LOW FREQUENCY STANDARD
SQUARE WAVE GENERATOR
WAVE ANALYZER
DISTORTION ANALYZERS
ATTENUATOR
VACUUM TUBE VOLTMETERS
,
ELECTRONIC FREQUENCY METER 5 cps to 50 kc
i n 10 ranges
of full scale
-I---
! Page22923
-_--
ELECTRONI C TACHOMETER Meter and a Tachometer Assembly
Page 23
up to RPM.
, ------- --
REGULATED POWER SUPPLY i Page 32
!
FUNC- FRE- FREQUENCY RESPO
TlON QUENCY CALIBRATION
Resistance- 35 cps Dial Scale-36-3M) cps
Tuned Audio to Calibration Points-48
Oscillator , 35 kc (1. 10, 100 timer dial calibration)
Resistance- 20cps Dial Scale-20-200
Tuned Audio Calibration p o i n t s 4 1
Oscillator Ranger-3 (1, 10, 100 times dial calibration)
Resistance- 20cps Dial
Tuned to Callbration
Oscillator 200 kc Ranges4 (1. IO, 100, 1000 timer dial calibration)
Resistance 7cps Dial cps
Tuned to Calibration Points-78
Oscillator 70 kc (1, 10, 100. lo00 times dial calibration)
Resistance- 2 cpa Dial Scale-7-70 cps Calibration Points-78
Tuned to Ranges-4 (1, 10. 100. 1000 times dial calibration)
Oscillator 70 kc Dial Scale A-2.50 CPS Calibration Points-81
Rangee-3 (1, 10, 100 times dial calibration)
Dial Scale B-20-60 cps Calibration Points-109
Ranges-3 (1, 10, 100 times dial calibration)
Dial Scale-20.200 cps
Pointa-95
(1. 10, 100 tlmer dial calibration)
Dial
Calibratlon Points-@
Ranges-3 (1, 10, 100 times dial calibration)
Dial Generator-down 2.0 db at 20 cps I
Callbration Points--8Q kc db of 400 cps1
Voltmeter-within200.2 at full output.
Down 1.0 db at f2%,,$f1%
Stamlaion i2% watts
Ranpea-3 (1. 10,100 times dial calibration)
ref. from 20 cps to 20 kc
Dial kc i 1 db from 10 kc ref. 1 kc to 100 kc i 1 % after *,$how
Calibration Points-1;W at full output (111 U)
Ranges-2 (1, 10 times dial calibration)
FUNCTION FREQUENCY ACCURACY
VOLTAGE IMPEDANCE
I
Low Output- to.O1% over room
100 kc, 10 kc. 1 kc, 100 cps variation of 33" C Output-6 volts into lo00 ohm8 Lod-Not iw than loo0 ohms
--
Low OUtput- M 0 9 from
. 16
0
Frequency 100 kc. 10 kc, 1 kc, 100 cps c tofW" c Output-6 volts into lo00 ohms Load-Not l e u than lo00 ohms
standard
Square Input- from Input-min. 2; mu. 200 ohms
Wave 2 0 ~ to 100 kc
s 20 cpe to 10 kc Output--60 v psrk to peak on wen circuit side, 640 ohm to ground
Generator I
-.I-
Harmonic Range- i
wave
Analyzer
30 cp8 to 16 kc Voltage werall-k5~o Input-1 mv to 500 v I lnput-200,000 ohm8
Distortion Measures at- L m than*% Analyzer lnput-20,W ohms
Analyzer 400cpsandSkc [at distortions of or Iw] Mu. Input-100v Detector Input-Should be not l e u
___l.---l-.___..___.___I" than 10OgOOOohnu -
!
Meauna at-
--I--
7-
Y,$giF 150 cps, 180 cpi. 400 cps, 1 ki
Le.- thanfwo
[at dintortions of 30% or leg M u . input-100 v I Analyzer Input-20.000 ohms
Detector Input-Should be not lels
, 5 kc and 7.6 kc
Nolse and Meawra at- Voltmeter O v ~ ~ l l - - f 3 ~ Voltmeter Measurement
Distortion 30 we, 50 cps, 100 w, 400 Dictortion-Lew than e%
1st distortion of 30% or leg]
Analyzer cps; 1 kc, 6 kc. 7.6 kc. 15 kc
Voltmeter .01 v to 300 v in 9 ranges
Dlstortion Merwrement Range- Distortion--f3%
Analyzer ; 2Ocp8to20 kc for distortion levels as low
! Each R s t r* m
e i o-&
s
Rewon-Accumulative
Attenuator Max. input-100 kc Error at 100 kc approx. Maximum Input-50 v
I 1 db in 50 db
Vacuum Measurement Range- 10 Cps to 100 kc--Y% Measurement Rang+
Tube 10 cps to 1 mc 100 kC to 1 m ~ - i $ % .01 v to 300 v in 9 range8
Voltmeter
High
&WAC a d DC Meawrement Range-
Measurement Range- Frequency Response flat within 1 to 300 VAC i?6 ranges
DC Voltmeter, zO~sto780 1 decibel 20 cps to 700 mc 1 to to00 VDC in 7 ranges
Ohmmeter
Electronic
Frequency !- Mewurement Range-
6 rn to 50 kc I n p u t 4 5 v to 200 v I lnput--W,o00 ohme
Electronic
Tachometer
Regulated
Power s~ppiy
I. An Electronic Frequency Metw and a Tachometer AwemMy
to weeds up to 3,000,000 RPM. --
l& to 360 VDC (regulated)
1
6.3 VAC ct (unrewlated)
-I--
I
SIZE PAGE NUMBERS
--.-.--
Length 16 inn. !
Height
Depth sins.
Weight
Page 4-5-6-7
-
Height . Page 4-5-6-7
Weight 32 Ibs.
115 volts
60 db 60-60
60 watts
MHW
60,200,600. ohms less than 1% 60 db below output or .
(all ct) 30 cps to 20 kc 90 db below zero level
at rated output whichever larper watts
I_.
is
---
Generator-60, 200. 500, lewthan 1% 60 db below output or 116volts
ohms (ell ct) I 30 cps to 20 kc 90 db below zero level 50-60
ohms input at rated output whichever IS larger 126 watts
I impedance
I. I--
IMPEDANCE MISCELLANEOUS CHARACTERISTICS
SIZE
Wave Shape-Sinuaoidd-
totd distortion not more than 4% on open circuit
Wave Shape-Sinusoidal-
Load-Not iesa than 1ooO ohms total distortion not more than 4% on open circuit 60-60 CY0
105 watts
Page 24-25
Variable
at 40 db down from
lnput-200,ooO ohms 'Page 20-2 1
.
Analyzer lnput-20,OQO ohms
Detector Input-Should be not lesa
than lW,OOO ohms
Page 18-19
Analyzer lnput-20,000 ohms Max. Second and higher harmonics-less than 5%
than 60 db
Detector Input-Should be not lew Filters-Tuned to nominal frequencies withinfS% (non-adjustable)
ohms Attenuator-70 db in db steps
-
-_-I--
Amplifier Input-
Mu. && @ db
Second and higher harmonics-lees than 6% 116 volts
200,OOO o h m shunted by approx. 24 mmfd
Voltmeter input-
Filters-Tuned to nominal frequencies withinis% (adjustable -1%)
Voltmeter-Average Reading (calibrated i n
, 50-60 CYC
1 megohm (min.) shunted by spprox. 32 mmfd 66 watts
rms volts and in db abovca 1 m w W O ohm level)
Amplifier n t2 00 )
i &- 0 . @ ohms M u . Attenuation. Fundamental-more than 60 db(ci%)
shunted by approx. 24 mmfd ! Second and higher harmonics-less than 10% 116 volts
Vdtmetw Input-1 megohm (min.) Voltmeter-Average reading (calibrated in rms volts 60-60CYC
+hunted by rpprox. 32 mmfd and db above a 1 mw. 600 ohm level) 90 watts
F- _ . -"I__---
-
Input-500 o h m k o n e dde grounded ,
Output-500 ohms-one side #rounded Attenuation-110 db in 1 db steps !
Length ins.
Input- 3 Height 9% ins.
1 megohm (min.) @hunted by approx. 16 mmfd Depth ins. Page 10-1 1
...
115 volts
Input-AC-8 me@hms in parellei with 1.3
w-60cyc Length ins.
40watts Height ins.
mmf at frequencies below 10 mc AC Voltmeter-Peak reading instrument will indicate voltage to 3ooo mc Two 1.5 v
input-DC-100 Megohm8 Ohmmeter: 0.2 ohms to 600 megohms in ranges . flashlight Depth
'Weight 61/ ins Page 30-31
cells
23
115volts Length 7% ins.
Output constant within approx. 1% for loads from 0 to 76 ma and for line- 50-60 cyc Height 8 ins.
voltape variations off.O%. Noise and hum loss than 0.005 v 90 watts
full load
Depth ll3L ins.
Weight 18 Ibs.
Page 32
?
SPEED A N D ACCURACY ARE INTEGRAL PARTS OF EVERY -hp- INSTRUMENT
NEW ease and sureness in all types of laboratory and production
testing are made possible by the use of -bp- instruments. Although each is tail-
ored for very specific jobs, -bp- laboratory instruments have certain outstanding
"family" characteristics. No zero setting, little or no adjustment during opera-
tion, virtual independence of line and tube characteristics, full protection against
overloads, simple, accurate calibration, and streamlined circuits for clean and
trouble-free performance are qualities you will find throughout the -bp- line.
-bp- instruments are essential and versatile tools in the fields of television, fre-
quency modulation, radar, industrial heating, communications, carrier current,
equipment manufacture, experimental work, broadcasting, industrial testing.
Here is a partial list of the measurements that can be made with standard -bp-
instruments : distortion, frequency, gain, voltage, network response, harmonic
analysis, amplifier frequency response. They are also useful to establish standard
frequencies, establish standard ratios by attenuation, and provide voltage for ,
bridge measurements. Let - bp- instruments, products of sound engineering
and precision manufacture, solve your testing and measuring problems.
1
E N G I N E E R I N G T I M E I S A N EXPENSIVE COMMODITY...
Probably in no other field is proper instrumentation so be exercised, not only in making the measurements them-
vitally important as in electronics. Lacking the proper in- selves, but in interpreting the results.
struments, it i s not only difficult to design equipment cor- Engineering time is a very expensive commodity. To ern-
rectly in the first place, but often impossible to tell whether ploy it most efficiently, too much thought cannot be given to
it is behaving properly when completed. the selection of the proper tools. -hp- instruments are designed
with convenience second only to accuracy in their require-
To describe fully the performance of one of the simplest elec- ments. By minimizing the time needed for routine measure-
tronic devices---a single-stage amplifier-requires the meas- ments, and by guaranteeing the accuracy of the results, -hp-
urement of operating voltages and currents, gain, frequency instruments render an outstanding service toward the advance-
response, overload points, harmonic distortion, and noise ment of the science of electronics. O n the following pages
level. In more complex apparatus the list would be greatly you will find complete descriptions of a great many -hp- in-
expanded. Many of these measurements must be made in struments. Please feel free to write us for any assistance or
high-impedance circuits where great care and judgment must further information which you may require.
3
MOPEL 200
AUDIO OSCILLATORS
RESISTANCE-TUNED PRINCIPLE
HERE is a sound research story behind this revolution-
ADVANTAGES: ary Resistance-tuned Audio Oscillator. Although
audio-frequency oscillators have always been standard
No zero setting Great stability
equipment throughout the communications and electronics
Constant output
fields, there were many "bugs" in types commonly available.
W i d e frequency range These disadvantages included low stability, especially in the
Logarithmic scale lower frequency ranges ; need for constant resetting to insure
Low distortion Light weight accuracy ; low portability, because of the essential weight and
bulk of the instrument. So engineers set out to design and
USE THEM FOR: perfect an audio-frequency oscillator which would combine
the high stability and very wide range of the coil-condenser
Amplifier testing
type with the flexibility of operation of the beat frequency
Broadcast transmitter audio response type. The result is the basically new Resistance-tuned Audio-
Source of voltage for bridge frequency Oscillator, based on a new fundamental circuit and
measurements resulting in new speed and accuracy for electronic tests and
Modulating signal generators measurements.
Supersonic voltage source The fundamental resistance-tuned circuit of Audio
Oscillators is shown above. The resonant frequency of this
Driving mechanical systems
network is inversely proportional to the product of resistance
Synchronizing pulse generators
and capacity. Thus the change in resonant frequency of this
Loud speaker resonance tests circuit is three times as great as that of the coil and condenser
circuit. A ten to one frequency change is easily possible with
the resistance-tuned circuit.
4
The resistance-capacity (frequency determining) network -hp- Resistance-tuned Audio Oscillators provide an excel-
is operated in conjunction with a stabilized amplifier. Positive lent source of voltage for accurate bridge measurements. The
feedback is applied to this amplifier through the resistance- output is sufficient to drive signal generatois and other equip-
tuned network, resulting in a very high effective Q for the ment requiring considerable power. Certain models are also
circuit. See figure 1. Negative feedback is also used, and adapted to work in the supersonic range.
operates in conjunction with a non-linear resistor to limit The usefulness of these oscillators is greatly increased be-
amplitude and decrease distortion. It also helps in providing a cause they are small and light in weight; thus easy to carry
constant and extremely stable output over the entire range. around. In short, the speed and accuracy of -hp- Resistance-
See figure 2 . tuned Audio Oscillators make them ideal for an almost endless
NO ZERO SETTING number of exacting jobs.
The excellent physical layout of -hp- Audio Oscillators has
SPECIFICATIONS
much to do with their satisfactory performance. Thermal drift
is kept at a minimum by proper placement of components, and Six standard models are available. The Models 200A and
by means of low temperature coefficient elements in the resist- 200B have a transformer-coupled output amplifier which will
ance network. Furthermore, this thermal drift is not magni- deliver 1 watt into a matched load and are principally de-
fied, as is the case with the beat frequency type oscillator. Thus signed for use in audio testing. The Models 200C and 200D
calibration is accurate under all operating conditions, without have a resistance-coupled output amplifier to provide uniform
the inconvenience of constant zero setting, even within the output voltage over their wide frequency range ;they are prin-
first few minutes of operation. The constant output of these cipally useful when handling a wide range of frequencies,
oscillators makes it easy to check the frequency response of the where a smaller amount of power is sufficient. Model 202D is
apparatus quickly, easily, accurately. a modification of Model 200D, with the frequency range ex-
tended down to 2 cycles per second. It is particularly useful
where it is necessary to generate an extremely wide range and
where low frequencies are involved, as in mechanical vibra-
tion problems. The Model 2001 is an oscillator of the band
spread type. It is intended for interpolation work and for
applications where it is necessary that the frequency of oscilla-
tion be known very accurately. These oscillators are supplied
in a relay rack mounting, as the 200AR, 200BR, 200CR,
200DR, 202DR, and 200IR.
ONLY THREE DIALS
There are only three controls on the panel. They are the
main frequency dial which covers a frequency range of 10 to
1 ; a range switch which selects the desired frequency band,
and an amplitude control to vary the output signal level.
USES
The primary function of an audio-frequency oscillator is
to generate an accurately controlled signal of known fre-
quency. This signal may be used to check the performance of
audio amplifiers, broadcast transmitters, and similar equip-
ment. Although applications in the related fields of electronics
are of first importance, the usefulness of the -hp- Resistance-
tuned Audio Oscillator is by no means limited to the electrical
engineering fields. They may be used, for example, to drive
mechanical systems, in order to measure resonance and sta-
bility. Other measurements of mechanical equipment include
measurements of the output frequency of rotating equipment,
such as generators and dynamotors.
5
Output: The Models 200A and 200B will supply one watt
or 22.5 volts output into a matched resistance load of 500
ohms, and 25 volts on open circuit. Models 200C, 200D,
202D, and 200I will deliver 100 milliwatts or 10 volts into
a 1000 ohm load. The internal impedance of the output am-
plifier is about 50 ohms at 1000 cps.
Frequency Response: The output voltages of Models 200A
and 200B are constant within plus or minus one decibel from
20 cps to 15 kc. The output voltage of the Model 200C is
constant within plus or minus one decibel from 20 cps to 150
kc. The output voltages of the Models 200D and 202D are
constant within plus or minus one decibel from 7 cps to 70 kc.
The Model 202D will be within plus or minus 2 decibels from
FREQUENCY RANGE
2 cps to 7 cps. The frequency response of the 200I is plus or
Model 200A . . . . . . . . 35 cpsto 35 kc minus one decibel from 6 cps to 6,000 cps.
Model 200B . . . . . , , . 20 cps to 20kc
Model 200C . . . , . . . . 20 cps to 200 kc
Distortion: The total rms distortion contained in the
Model 200D . . . . . . , . 7cpsto 70kc
Model 202D . . . . . , . . 2cps to 70kc waveform of the various models is within the following
Model 200I . . , . . . , . 6cps to 6 k c limits: Models 200A and 200B, less than 154 distortion from
35 cps to 20 kc. Model 200C, less than 19h distortion from 20
Calibration: The dial is calibrated directly in cycles for cps to 20 kc. Model 200D, less than 17; distortion from 10
the lowest range. A switch selects the range and indicates the cps tu 20 kc. Model 202D, less than 2% at rated output volt-
proper multiplying factor. The dial calibration of Models age from 10 cps to 70 kc. Model 2001, distortion less than 1K
200A, 200B, and 200C covers approximately 180 degrees, above 10 cps, and only slightly more than this at lower fre-
with an equivalent scale length of 20 to 30 inches. Models quencies.
200D and 202D have dial calibrations covering approxi-
Hum Voltage: O n all models, the hum voltage is less thsn
mately 300 degrees with a scale length of about 60 inches.
0.1"/c of maximum output voltages.
Model 200I is calibrated over approximately 300 degrees, and
has a scale length of approximately 90 inches. Power Supply: 115 volts, 50/60 cycles, 50 watts.
200A 200B Mounting: The cabinet models are mounted in an attractive
Range 1 . . 35 350 cps . . , . . 20 200 cps steel cabinet finished in wrinkle gray.
Range 2 . . 350 3500 cps . . . .
Range 3 . . 3500 cps- 35 kc . . . kc
The relay rack mounting fits the standard 19" relay rack
with 3/" spacing. The dust cover mounts on the chassis and
200C 200D is removable from the rear.
Range 1 . . 2 0 - 200 cps. . . . , 7 - 70 cps
Range 2 , . 200- 2000 cps . . . . 70 - 700 cps
Range 3 . , 2000cps 20 kc - . . . 700 - 7000 cps Model Mounting Length Height Depth Weight
Range 4 . , -
20 200 kc . . . . 7000cps- 70 kc 200A Cabinet 16" 8" 9" 32 Ibs.
Model 202D is similar to Model 200D, with the addition of a 200B Cabinet 16" 8" 7" 32 Ibs.
2-50 cps band covering approximately 200 degrees on the main 200C Cabinet 16" 8" 9" 30 Ibs.
tuning dial.
200 I 200D Cabinet 17" 83/4" 11" 32 Ibs.
Ax1 . . . 6- ~OCPS BxIO , , 200- 6 0 0 ~ ~ 202D ~ Cabinet 17" 83/4" 11" 32 Ibs.
Bxl . 2 0 - 6 0 ~ ~ s Ax100 , .
600-2OOO~ps 2001 Cabinet 17" 81/2'' 10Y~" 32 Ibs.
. . .
I
Ax10 6 0 - 2 0 O ~ p ~ BxlOO , 2 0 0 0 - 6 0 0 0 ~ p ~ 200AR
I
Relay Rack 19" 7" 9" 35 Ibs.
200BR Relay Rack 17" 7" 7" 35 Ibs.
Stability: Under normal conditions the frequency drift is 200CR Relay Rack 17" 7" 7" 35 Ibs.
less than & 2 % even including initial warm-ups. Plus or 200DR Relay Rack 19" 8%" 11" 37 Ibs.
minus 20% line voltage variations change the frequency less 202DR Relay Rack 17" 83/4" 11" 37 Ibs.
than t 0 . 2 c / , at 1 kc. No zero setting is necessary on these Relay Rack 19" 8Y4" 11" 37 Ibs.
oscillators. On Model 2001, if the ranges are standardized
Average shipping weight 42 Ibs.
against a suitable frequency standard from time to time, accu-
racy better than 1"/c can be maintained. Data subject to change without notice.
6
2 0 0 B AND 2 0 0 C 200D
Here is the main tuning dial of -hp- Models 200B and Main tuning dial of -hp- Model 200D is calibrated over
200C Audio Oscillators. Range is 20 cps to 20 kc on 200B, approximately 300' and has an effective scale length of about
with dial calibrated over approximately 1 8 0 O and effective 60". This wide range instrument (from 7 cps to 70 kc) owes
scale length of about 20" ; 200C has range of 20 cps to 200 kc much of its speed and accuracy of operation to the precisely
and effective scale length of about 26". calibrated and easily controlled tuning dial pictured above.
202D 2001
The -hp-Model 202D is a modification of the 200D, which Main tuning dial of the 2001, which is an oscillator of the
extends the range down to 2 cps. The tuning dial is calibrated band-spread type, intended for comparison work. The dial is
over approximately 3000 ; the effective scale length is about calibrated over approximately 300" with effective scale length
7 5 l ' . Before calibration, all -hp- Audio Oscillators are oper- about 90" and range of 6 cps to G kc. Each Model 200I is
ated for a long period.so as to be completely stabilized. carefully hand calibrated to insure maximum accuracy.
7
. ..
CHECK THE A D V A N T A G E S O F
ADVANTAGES:
T H I S FINE, N E W OSCILLATOR
3 Watts Output
Distortion Less Than
N FM and other fields where high fidelity is important,
Low Hum Level
this new -hp- Model 201B Audio Frequency Oscillator
New Dial with Ball Bearing Drive will meet every requirement for speed, ease of operation,
Accurate Expanded Frequency accuracy and purity of wave form. The product of 6 years of
Calibration -hp- oscillator development, this new oscillator has many
Improved Control of Output Level brand new features, in addition to the revolutionary resistance-
tuned circuit which has made -hp- a by-word in engineering
USE IT FOR: circles.
High Fidelity Amplifier Testing The 201B has an accurate, convenient method of frequency
control. The 6" dial, with smooth ball-bearing action, may be
Transmission Line Measurement
tuned by a directly controlled knob, or for still greater ac-
Loud Speaker Testing curacy, may be set by the vernier which has a ratio of 6 to 1
Frequency Comparison to the main dial. The illuminated main dial is designed so that
parallax is eliminated. It is calibrated over 300 degrees with
approximately 95 calibration points and has an effective scale
length of about 47 inches. Frequency range is 20 cps to 20 kc.
8
Increased Power Output Frequency Calibration: The calibration is direct in cycles per
The amplifier delivers up to 3 watts of power into a 600 second for the lowest band. Approximately 9 j calibration
ohm resistance load, with distortion held to 1%. Thus there is points are provided over a 3~0-degree The dial is 6 inches
arc.
sufficient power available for driving almost any kind of lab- in diameter, illuminated and driven by a vernier knob having
oratory or production equipment, Harmonic distortion may 6 : l ratio. The effective scale length for the three bands is 47
be kept to less than of I % , if the output of the amplifier is inches.
limited to 1 watt. Stability: Under normal temperature conditions the fre-
Another important feature of this oscillator is the provision quency stability is better than f2%, including the initial
which is made fop standardizing each frequency range against warm-up drift. Plus or minus 10% line voltage variations
a reliable standard, such as -hp-'s Model 100B Secondary Fre- will result in no change in the output frequency. Adjustments
quency Standard. By standardizing the instrument regularly, are provided on each band to standardize the calibration
frequencies can be depended upon to be better than 1% against an accurately known frequency. With standardization
accurate. the accuracy may be maintained better than 2 1 % .
Dual Control For Output Level
Output: The instrument is rated at a maximum of 3 watts
A new departure in oscillator design is the dual method or 42.5 volts into a 600 ohm resistive load. Maximum no load
for controlling output level. A volume control which is ahead voltage is at least 60 volts. The impedance looking back into
of the amplifier controls the voltage at which the amplifier the output circuit (zero attenuator settiag) is approximately
operates, An output attenuator is provided to attenuate the 75 ohms. With attenuator set at a value of 10 d b or more the
signal delivered by the amplifier. Attentuation is approxi- impedance looking back into the output is 600 ohms.
matelely linear from zero to 40 db. Both hum level and output
voltage are thus attentuated together. As a result, hum level
Frequency Response: The output voltage is constant within
may be kept 60 d b or more below the signal level, a special
+-I db over the frequency range of 20 cps to 20,000 cps.
Advantage in cases where small test signals are used.
The impedance looking back into the output circuit is about airtortion: The total r m s . distortion of the output wave
50 ohms : thus the voltage regulation for varying loads I S ex- over the range of 20 cps to 20,000 cps is less than the follow-
tremely good. T o r measurements where it is desirable to have ing limits:
impedance looking back into the instrument of 600 ohms, as
3 watts output 1 0distortion
7
in transmission measurements, the attenuator may be used to 1 watt output .5Yc distortion:!
give about 6 d b or more of attenuation, making the reflected ":Down to 5 0 cps, at 20 cps 1 % distortion.
impedance of the instrument about 600 ohms.
Volume Control: Two controls are provided for varying the
Important Details output of the instrument:
1. An "Amplitude Control" adjusts the amount of oscil-
Care has been taken to perfect every detail of this new lator voltage fed to the output amplifier.
oscillator. Improved chassis layout and placement of com- 2. An "Attenuator" attenuates the output of the amplifier.
ponent parts minimizes thermal drift. The voltage on the It is a variable T Pad having an attenuation range of 0 to in-
oscillator is maintained constant with an electronic voltage finity. Approximately linear in region 0 to 40 db.
regulator. The entire instrument is characterized by greater
mechanical rigidity; the tuning assembly is mounted on a
Hum Voltage: The hum voltage is less O.lc/c of maximum
sturdy cast aluminum frame. The chassis itself is made of
output voltage. If the output attenuator is used to control the
aluminum; the oscillator is light in weight and easy to handle.
output (with Amplitude control set for maximum rated power
output) the hum level will be less than . I % below any signal
level.
SPECIFICATIONS MODEL 201B AF OSCILLATOR Power Supply: 115 volts &lo%, 50/60 cycles. Power con-
sumption: 75 watts. Plate supply voltage to oscillator section
Frequency Range: The frequency range is from 20 cps to is electronically regulated.
~0,000 covered in three bands.
cps
Mounting: Cabinet Models are mounted in an aluminum
Band Frequency Coi,eruge
cabinet finished in wrinkle grey. Size: 17 in. long x 81/2 in.
xl 20 -200 cps
high x 11 in. deep. Weight: 32 pounds, Shipping Weight:
x10 200 -2000 cps
XI00 2,000 -20,000 cps 41;pounds.
9
High input impedance
Large overvoltage capacity
Waveform errors minimized M E A S U R E M E N T S UP TO 1 MC SIMPLY
Measurements up to 1 mc. A ND ACCURATELY M A DE
Small and light
OR M A N Y YEARS the advantages of vacuum tube
voltmeters have been recognized by electronic workers.
USE IT TO MEASURE:
The -hp- Model 400A Vacuum Tube Voltmeter is un-
Voltage in audio, supersonic, and usually flexible because of its wide frequency and voltage
lower RF region ranges. A-c voltages as small as .005 and as high as 300 volts
Amplifier gain can be simply and directly measured without any precautions
Network response over a frequency range of 10 cycles to 1,000,000 cycles. Accu-
racy of readings is assured because the high input impedance
Output level
does not disturb the usual circuit under test. Furthermore, the
Hum level
calibration error of the instrument under all conditions is less
Power circuit voltages than 3% to 100 kc and less than 5 % to one megacycle.
High frequency voltages in
transmitting equipment
BROAD BAND AMPLIFIER
Video voltages
This circuit consists of a high gain amplifier and a full
Carrier current voltages
wave rectifier. The cathode follower circuit, diagrammed
Capacity
above, provides an input impedance of 1 megohm, while also
Coil figure of merit allowing a low impedance cathode circuit which is switched
to change voltage ranges. The full wave rectifier actuates
a one-mil meter. The amplifier is of the broad band type and
is substantially flat from 10 cps to one mc. Because the ampli-
fier employs inverse feedback, it is extremely stable. Thus the
accuracy of meter reading is virtually independent of line
voltage changes and tube characteristics. See figure 1.
EASY TO OPERATE
The simplicity-of-operation characteristic of all -hp- in-
struments is exemplified by the Model 400A Vacuum Tube
Voltmeter. Ordinarily, no precautions whatsoever are re-
quired. Turnover effect and waveform errors are minimized
because this meter responds to the average value of the full
wave. There are no adjustments to make during operation.
Large overload voltages cause saturation of the amplifier
which protects the meter from damage. Thus occasional over-
loads of 100 times normal will not damage the meter move- Figure 2 Detail of Meter Face:
ment.
USES SPEClFICATIONS
The speed and accuracy of measurement of this meter make Voltage Range: A switch on the front panel selects nine
it invaluable for laboratory work in measuring amplifier gain, voltage ranges having full scale sensitivities of .03 volts, 0.1
network response, and output level. The wide frequency range volts, 0.3 volts, 1.0 volts, 3.0 volts, 10.0 volts, 30.0 volts, 100
makes it suitable for video measurements as well as RF meas- volts, 300 volts.
urements. The sensitivity is sufficient to measure the hum level Calibration: The meter is calibrated to read the rms value
of a sinusoidal wave. The voltage scale is linear and a decibel
calibration based on 1 milliwatt in 600 ohms is provided. The
LINE VOLTAGE STABILITY
indication is in proportion to the average value of the full
wave ; thus waveform errors and turnover are minimized.
Frequency Range: The frequency range is 10 cps to 1 mc.
Accuracy: The over-all accuracy of the meter is within
+3c/c below 100 kc and +- 5% from 100 kc to 1 mc. Line
voltage variations from 105 volts to 1 2 5 volts or changing
tubes will affect the reading by less than 3% at all frequencies
below 100 kc.
Input Impedance: The input impedance is equivalent to 1
directly in many cases. The higher voltage ranges art useful megohm shunted by 16 uufd on the 30 volt range and below.
for measuring power circuit voltages and high frequency volt- On the 100 volt range: 3 megohms, and on the 300 volt
ages in broadcast equipment. It is also valuable as a VU meter, range: 2.4 megohms.
to measure coil Q, compare capacities and resistances, and as
Overvoltage Capacity: Occasional overloads of 100 times
a null detector.
normal will not damage the meter movement. Continuous or
CONVENIENT TO USE frequent overloads should be avoided.
From the purely physical standpoint, the -hp- 400A is un- Power Supply: The instrument operates from 115 volts,
usually convenient to use because of its small size and large, 50/60 cycles, 40 watts.
easily-read slanting scale. See figure 2. The power supply is
completely contained. N o adjustment to zero position is re- Mounting: The meter is mounted in a steel cabinet finished
quired, and the ranges are instantly available by means of a in wrinkle gray. The front panel is finished in a satin gray
switch on the panel. The meter is calibrated in decibels as well baked enamel, with photo-etched designations. The cabinet
as in volts and each voltage range is related to the next by 10 is 71/2 inches wide, 8 inches high, and 9 inches deep. A leather
db steps. Thus any db level may be read directly. All in all, handle is provided at the top of the cabinet.
the -hp- Model 400A is probably one of the most useful in- Net Weight: 1 5 pounds. Shipping Weight: 20 pounds.
struments in the field of electronic laboratory equipment. Data subject t o change without notice.
11
No auxiliary equipment needed
Range-20 to 20,000 cps
5 watts output, less than 1 % distortion
N o zero setting
Supplies known voltage
SIX BASIC INSTRUMENTS COMBINED
TO SPEED GAIN MEASUREMENTS
Output meter calibrated in volts and
decibels ALL THE necessary instruments for accurate gain or fre-
Standardized frequencies instantly quency response measurements have been assembled
available by -hp- engineers in one compact unit. (See block
Separate input meter for gain diagram.) No auxiliary equipment is required.
measurements This Audio Signal Generator brings new speed and ease
Wide range of output impedances
to testing jobs. Any desired frequency within the range of 20
to 20,000 cps is made available by the resistance-tuned audio
USE IT FOR: oscillator. These frequencies are developed at any desired
voltage between 150 volts and 50 micro-volts.
Amplifier gain measurements To make amplifier or network gain measurements with
Network frequency response the -hp- Model 205AG Audio Signal Generator, the operator
Source of voltage for distortion simply connects input and output leads to the binding posts.
measurements Two vacuum tube voltmeters are provided, one to measure
Broadcast transmitter audio response input and the second to measure output of the device under
test. The input meter has a range of minus 5 db to plus 49 db,
Loudspeaker response
with an input impedance of 5,000 ohms. The attenuator sets
General laboratory applications
the output voltage. The output impedance can be instantly
Production testing changed by means of a selector switch (line matching trans-
former in the block diagram) to the commonly used imped-
ances of 50, 200, 500, and 5,000 ohms, a convenience in
12
matching various types of networks. The Model 205AG will Output Meter: The output meter is calibrated directly in
supply 5 watts output with less than 1%