Text preview for : 2200 Manual Section 3.pdf part of . Various 2200 Manual Section 3 . Various SM scena Orban 2200 Manual Section 3.pdf
Back to : 2200 Manual Section 3.pdf | Home
OPTIMOD-FM 2200 OPERATION
3-1
Section 3
Operation
page contents
3-3 2200 Controls and Meters
3-5 Introduction to Processing
3-7 About the Processing Structures
3-7 Factory Programming Presets
3-9 Customizing the 2200's Two-Band Sound
3-11 Two-Band Processing Control Details
3-19 Customizing The Protection Limiter Structure Sound
3-19 Protection/Limiting Control Details
3-21 2200 Screen Displays
Caution
The installation and servicing instructions in this manual are for
use by qualified personnel only. To avoid electric shock do not
perform any servicing other than that contained in the Operating
Instructions unless you are qualified to do so. Refer all servicing
to qualified service personnel.
3-2 OPERATION OPTIMOD-FM 2200
page
OPTIMOD-FM 2200 OPERATION
3-3
2200 Controls and Meters
2200 Front Panel
Screen Display labels the four soft key buttons and provides control setting informa-
tion.
Screen Saver feature: The screen has a built-in screen saver that turns off
the backlight after approximately one hour. The screen turns back on when
any front panel control is touched. Note that buttons don't perform their
normal function when the screen is blank. Similarly, the control knob's
first turn is not read, until it stops for a second or so.
Contrast Button adjusts the optimum viewing angle of the screen display. Press this
button to cycle through four contrast settings for the screen display.
Four Soft Key Buttons provide access to all 2200 functions and controls. The
functions of the buttons change with each screen according to the labels at the bottom
of each screen. Push a button:
To select options (always identified on the screen by all-capital-letter
words surrounded by left and right vertical bars), press the button directly
below the option.
To change a parameter setting (always identified by lower-case letters or
numerals), hold down the button directly below the parameter setting, turn
the control knob to scroll through choices, and release the button to set the
parameter.
Control Knob is used for changing data in one of three methods.
To scroll through submenu choices: Presets (on Recall Preset screen),
FULL CONTROL parameters (on Modify Processing FULL CONTROL
screen) and 8 Remote Interfaces (on System Setup REMOTE INTERFACE
screen).
To change a parameter setting, by simultaneously holding down a soft key.
The parameters being changed take effect immediately, except for the
following system level controls: MODE (on test screen), MODE (on Stereo
Encoder screen), INPUT, AO PRE-E, DO PRE-E, DO RATE, DO SYNC and
XTLK TEST. The setting for these controls do not take effect until the soft
key is released.
To adjust the LESS-MORE control. Adjusting this control changes the
sound immediately.
Escape Button returns the user to the previous screen; pressing this button repeatedly
will always return you to main screen, which shows the on-air preset name.
Recall Preset Button brings up a screen that displays the current on-air preset and next
preset (which can be changed by turning the control knob). To put a different preset
on-air, turn the control knob to find the preset desired, then press the RECALL NEXT
soft key.
When the button's yellow LED is lit, the Recall Preset screen is displayed.
3-4 OPERATION OPTIMOD-FM 2200
Modify Processing Button brings up a screen to modify parameters for the current
on-air preset. For Two-Band presets: LESS-MORE, EQ and FULL CONTROL. For the
Protection preset, DRIVE and 30HzHPF.
When the button's yellow LED is lit, the Modify Processing screen (or one
of its submenus) is displayed.
System Setup Button brings up a screen to modify system settings (such as I/O
levels). There are four System Setup submenus: I/O CALIB, STEREO ENCODER, RE-
MOTE INTERFACE, TEST.
When the button's yellow LED is lit, the System Setup screen (or one of
its submenus) is displayed.
HF Limiting LEDs light when the high-frequency content of audio is being limited
by the very fast high-frequency limiters. These LEDs indicate when greater than 0.5dB
HF limiting is occurring.
Gated LED indicates gate activity, lighting when the input audio falls below the
threshold set by the gate threshold control (Modify Processing screen GATE THRS
control). When this happens, the compressor's recovery time is drastically slowed to
prevent noise rush-up during low-level passages.
Composite Meter is a 10-segment bargraph showing the stereo encoder's composite
output level before the composite level controls.
Function Button selects which of three functions are displayed in the Function
meters: Enhance, L/R Input or L/R Output.
Function LEDs indicate which function is currently displayed by the Function meters:
Enhance, L/R Input or L/R Output. Press the Function button to toggle between the
three functions.
Function Meter indicates level of Enhance, L/R Channel Input or Output, as selected
with Function button. The meters operate over a -27dB to 0dB range. Input meters are
referenced to clip level. Output meters are referenced to 100% modulation level. HF
Enhance meter shows the active amount of enhancement activity. Since the HF
Enhancement is program-dependent, it will vary with source material and the HF
parameter. Note: HF Enhance is displayed only on the left-hand meter, below "HF."
Stereo Encoder Screwdriver-Adjustable Controls
Orban supplies a special green-handled flat-blade screwdriver (Xcelite
R3323) to adjust the stereo encoder controls.
Comp 1 sets the output level of Composite Output 1.
Comp 2 sets the output level of Composite Output 2.
OPTIMOD-FM 2200 OPERATION
3-5
Introduction to Processing
Some Audio Processing Concepts
Loudness is increased by reducing the peak-to-average ratio of the audio. If peaks are
reduced, the average level can be increased within the permitted modulation limits. The
effectiveness with which this can be accomplished without introducing objectionable side
effects (such as clipping distortion) is the single best measure of audio processing effective-
ness.
Compression reduces the difference in level between the soft and loud sounds to make more
efficient use of permitted peak level limits, resulting in a subjective increase in the loudness
of soft sounds. It cannot make loud sounds seem louder. Compression reduces dynamic
range relatively slowly in a manner similar to riding the gain: limiting and clipping, on the
other hand, reduce the short-term peak-to-average ratio of the audio.
Limiting increases audio density. Increasing density can make loud sounds seem louder, but
can also result in an unattractive busier, flatter, or denser sound. It is important to be aware
of the many negative subjective side effects of excessive density when setting controls that
affect the density of the processed sound.
Clipping sharp peaks does not produce any audible side effects when done moderately.
Excessive clipping will be perceived as audible distortion.
Distortion in Processing
In a competently-designed processor, distortion occurs only when the processor is clipping
peaks to prevent the audio from exceeding the peak modulation limits of the transmission
channel. The less clipping that occurs, the less likely that the listener will hear distortion.
However, to reduce clipping, you must decrease the drive level to the clipper, which causes
the average level (and thus, the loudness) to decrease proportionally.
The FM pre-emphasis curve introduces further complications. Pre-emphasis boosts the
treble at 6dB/octave starting at 2.1kHz (for 75