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User's Guide
Agilent 83480A Analyzer,
Agilent 54750A Oscilloscope
Agilent Part No. 83480-90050
Printed in USA June 2000
Agilent Technologies
Lightwave Division
1400 Fountaingrove Parkway
Santa Rosa, CA
95403-1799, USA
(707) 577-1400
HP and Hewlett-Packard are U.S. registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard
Company.
Notice. The information contained in this document is subject to change
without notice. Agilent Technologies makes no warranty of any kind
with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied
warranties of merchantability and tness for a particular purpose. Agilent
Technologies shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or
consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use
of this material.
Restricted Rights Legend. Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S.
Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii)
of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS
252.227-7013 for DOD agencies, and subparagraphs (c) (1) and (c) (2) of the
Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52.227-19 for
other agencies.
Regulatory Information. The front matter of this book contains regulatory
information.
Copyright Agilent Technologies 2000
c
All Rights Reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior
written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws.
Safety Symbols
The following safety symbols are used throughout this manual. Familiarize
yourself with each of the symbols and its meaning before operating this
instrument.
CAUTION The caution sign denotes a hazard to the instrument. It calls attention to a
procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result in
damage to or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution
sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
WARNING The warning sign denotes a life-threatening hazard. It calls attention to a
procedure which, if not correctly performed or adhered to, could result
in injury or loss of life. Do not proceed beyond a warning sign until the
indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
L
Instruction The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary
Manual for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual.
CE The CE mark is a registered trademark of the European Community (if accompanied by a year,
it's when the design was proven).
ISM 1-A This is a symbol of an Industrial Scienti c and Medical Group 1 Class A product.
The CSA mark is a registered trademark of the Canadian Standards Association.
j The line power on symbol.
The line power o symbol.
iii
General Safety Considerations
WARNING Before this instrument is switched on, make sure it has been properly
grounded through the protective conductor of the ac power cable to a
socket outlet provided with protective earth contact.
Any interruption of the protective (grounding) conductor, inside or
outside the instrument, or disconnection of the protective earth terminal
can result in personal injury.
WARNING There are many points in the instrument which can, if contacted, cause
personal injury. Be extremely careful.
Any adjustments or service procedures that require operation of the
instrument with protective covers removed should be performed only by
trained service personnel.
WARNING If this instrument is not used as speci ed, the protection provided by the
equipment could be impaired. This instrument must be used in a normal
condition (in which all means for protection are intact) only.
WARNING For continued protection against re hazard, replace line fuse only with
same type and ratings (type nA/nV). The use of other fuses or materials is
prohibited.
WARNING The power cord is connected to internal capacitors that may remain live
for 5 seconds after disconnecting the plug from its power supply.
CAUTION Before this instrument is switched on, make sure its primary power circuitry
has been adapted to the voltage of the ac power source.
Failure to set the ac power input to the correct voltage could cause damage to
the instrument when the ac power cable is plugged in.
CAUTION This is a Safety Class 1 Product (provided with a protective earthing ground
incorporated in the power cord). The mains plug shall only be inserted in a
socket outlet provided with a protective earth contact. Any interruption of
the protective conductor inside or outside of the instrument is likely to make
the instrument dangerous. Intentional interruption is prohibited.
iv
CAUTION Always use the three-prong ac power cord supplied with this instrument.
Failure to ensure adequate earth grounding by not using this cord may cause
instrument damage.
CAUTION This instrument is designed for use in INSTALLATION CATEGORY II and
POLLUTION DEGREE 2 per IEC 1010 and 664 respectively.
CAUTION Ventilation requirements: When installing the instrument in a cabinet,
the convection into and out of the instrument must not be restricted. The
ambient temperature (outside the cabinet) must be less than the maximum
operating temperature of the instrument by 4 C for every 100 watts
dissipated in the cabinet. If the total power dissipated in the cabinet is
greater than 800 watts, then forced convection must be used.
CAUTION The input circuits can be damaged by electrostatic discharge (ESD). Repair
of damage due to misuse is not covered under warranty. Therefore, avoid
applying static discharges to the front-panel input connectors. Before
connecting any coaxial cable to the connectors, momentarily short the center
and outer conductors of the cable together. Avoid touching the front-panel
input connectors without rst touching the frame of the instrument. Be sure
the instrument is properly earth-grounded to prevent buildup of static charge.
The electrical ports of plug-in modules, used with the Agilent 83480A and
Agilent 54750A, are very sensitive to electrostatic discharge.
NOTE
This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC Publication 1010.1, and has been
supplied in a safe condition. The instruction documentation contains information and warnings which
must be followed by the user to ensure safe operation and to maintain the instrument in a safe
condition.
v
NOTE
Clean the cabinet using a damp cloth only.
vi
Certi cation
Agilent Technologies certi es that this product met its published speci cations
at the time of shipment from the factory. Agilent Technologies further
certi es that its calibration measurements are traceable to the United States
National Institute of Standards and Technology, to the extent allowed by
the Institute's calibration facility, and to the calibration facilities of other
International Standards Organization members.
vii
X-Ray Radiation Notice
viii
Declaration of Conformity
ix
Additional Information The following table lists additional performance information for the EMC
product speci cations listed in the Declaration of Conformity.
EMC Product Speci cation Performance Code
IEC 801-2:1991 /EN 50082-1 (1992): 4kV CD, 8kV AD PASS - Temporary degradation, self-recoverable.
IEC 801-3:1984 /EN 50082-1 (1992); 3 V/m, (1 kHz 80% PASS - Temporary degradation, self-recoverable.
AM, 27-1000 MHz)
IEC 801-4:1988 /EN 50082-1 (1992): 0.5 kV Sig Lines, 1kV PASS - Normal operation, no eect.
Power Lines
x
Warranty
This Agilent Technologies instrument product is warranted against defects in
material and workmanship for a period of one year from date of shipment.
During the warranty period, Agilent Technologies will, at its option, either
repair or replace products which prove to be defective.
For warranty service or repair, this product must be returned to a service
facility designated by Agilent Technologies. Buyer shall prepay shipping
charges to Agilent Technologies and Agilent Technologies shall pay shipping
charges to return the product to Buyer. However, Buyer shall pay all shipping
charges, duties, and taxes for products returned to Agilent Technologies from
another country.
Agilent Technologies warrants that its software and rmware designated by
Agilent Technologies for use with an instrument will execute its programming
instructions when properly installed on that instrument. Agilent Technologies
does not warrant that the operation of the instrument, or software, or
rmware will be uninterrupted or error-free.
Limitation of Warranty
The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper
or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or
interfacing, unauthorized modi cation or misuse, operation outside of the
environmental speci cations for the product, or improper site preparation
or maintenance.
NO OTHER WARRANTY IS EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. AGILENT
TECHNOLOGIES SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Exclusive Remedies
THE REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
REMEDIES. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
DAMAGES, WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT, OR ANY OTHER
LEGAL THEORY.
xi
Assistance
Product maintenance agreements and other customer assistance agreements
are available for Agilent Technologies products.
For any assistance, contact your nearest Agilent Technologies Sales and
Service Oce.
When an instrument is returned to a Agilent Technologies service oce for
servicing, it must be adequately packaged and have a complete description of
the failure symptoms attached.
When describing the failure, please be as speci c as possible about the nature
of the problem. Include copies of additional failure information (such as
instrument failure settings, data related to instrument failure, and error
messages) along with the instrument being returned.
Please notify the service oce before returning your instrument for service.
Any special arrangements for the instrument can be discussed at this time.
This will help the Agilent Technologies service oce repair and return your
instrument as quickly as possible.
The original shipping containers should be used. If the original materials
were not retained, identical packaging materials are available through any
Agilent Technologies oce.
CAUTION Instrument damage can result from using packaging materials other than the
original materials. Never use styrene pellets as packaging material. They
do not adequately cushion the instrument or prevent it from shifting in
the carton. They may also cause instrument damage by generating static
electricity.
Sales and service oces
Agilent Technologies has sales and service oces located around the world
to provide complete support for Agilent Technologies products. To obtain
servicing information or to order replacement parts, contact the nearest
xii
Agilent Technologies Sales and Service Oce. In any correspondence or
telephone conversation, refer to the instrument by its model number, serial
number, and option designation.
Before returning an instrument for service, call the Agilent
Technologies Instrument Support Center at (800) 403-0801,
visit the Test and Measurement Web Sites by Country page at
http://www.tm.agilent.com/tmo/country/English/index.html, or call one of the
numbers listed below.
Agilent Technologies Service Numbers
Austria 01/25125-7171
Belgium 32-2-778.37.71
Brazil (11) 7297-8600
China 86 10 6261 3819
Denmark 45 99 12 88
Finland 358-10-855-2360
France 01.69.82.66.66
Germany 0180/524-6330
India 080-34 35788
Italy +39 02 9212 2701
Ireland 01 615 8222
Japan (81)-426-56-7832
Korea 82/2-3770-0419
Mexico (5) 258-4826
Netherlands 020-547 6463
Norway 22 73 57 59
Russia +7-095-797-3930
Spain (34/91) 631 1213
Sweden 08-5064 8700
Switzerland (01) 735 7200
United Kingdom 01 344 366666
United States and Canada (800) 403-0801
xiii
Electrostatic Discharge Information
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy electronic components.
All work on electronic assemblies should be performed at a static-safe work
station. Figure 0-1 shows an example of a static-safe work station using two
types of ESD protection:
Conductive table-mat and wrist-strap combination.
Conductive oor-mat and heel-strap combination.
Both types, when used together, provide a signi cant level of ESD protection.
Of the two, only the table-mat and wrist-strap combination provides adequate
ESD protection when used alone.
To ensure user safety, the static-safe accessories must provide at least 1 M
of isolation from ground. Refer to Table 0-1 for information on ordering
static-safe accessories.
WARNING These techniques for a static-safe work station should not be used when
working on circuitry with a voltage potential greater than 500 volts.
xiv
Figure 0-1. Example of a static-safe work station.
xv
Reducing ESD Damage The following suggestions may help reduce ESD damage that occurs during
testing and servicing operations.
Personnel should be grounded with a resistor-isolated wrist strap before
removing any assembly from the unit.
Be sure all instruments are properly earth-grounded to prevent a buildup of
static charge.
Table 0-1 lists static-safe accessories that can be obtained from Agilent
Technologies using the Agilent part numbers shown.
Table 0-1. Static-Safe Accessories
Agilent Part Description
Number
9300-0797 Set includes: 3M static control mat 0.6 m 2 1.2 m (2 ft 2 4 ft) and 4.6 cm (15 ft) ground
wire. (The wrist-strap and wrist-strap cord are not included. They must be ordered separately.)
9300-0980 Wrist-strap cord 1.5 m (5 ft)
9300-1383 Wrist-strap, color black, stainless steel, without cord, has four adjustable links and a 7 mm
post-type connection.
9300-1169 ESD heel-strap (reusable 6 to 12 months).
xvi
Lightwave Connector Care
CAUTION Improper connector care, cleaning, or use of mismatched cable connectors
can invalidate the published speci cations and damage connectors. Clean all
cables before applying to any connector. Repair of damaged connectors due to
improper use is not covered under warranty.
Introduction Lightwave cable interfaces can be damaged by improper cleaning and
connection procedures. Dirty or damaged lightwave interfaces can result in
nonrepeatable or inaccurate measurements. This chapter will suggest some
best practices to clean, care for, connect, and inspect lightwave connectors.
Lightwave connectors are used to connect two ber ends together. These
connections may be used to join cables between optical ports on devices, laser
sources, receivers, patch panels, terminals and many other types of systems
or components.
Fiber optic cables are used at dierent wavelengths, in single or multimode,
and in dierent environments. There are a variety of sizes, core/cladding
combinations, jackets, and indexes of refraction. In general, dierent types
of cables do not work well together. Cables should match each other and the
system.
However, regardless of the cable type, the connectors have only one function:
to provide a direct and low-loss optical signal transition from one ber end
to another. When these connectors are used in a measurement system,
repeatability becomes an important factor.
Lightwave connectors dier from electrical or microwave system
connectors. In a ber optic system, light is transmitted through an extremely
small ber core. Because ber cores are often 62.5 microns (0.0625 mm) or
less in diameter, and dust particles range from tenths of a micron to several
microns in diameter, dust and very minute contamination on the end of the
ber core can degrade the performance of the connector interface (where the
two cores meet). Therefore, the connector must be precisely aligned and the
connector interface free of trapped foreign material.
Connector (or insertion) loss is one important performance characteristic
of a lightwave connector. Typical values are less than 1 dB of loss, and
sometimes as little as 0.1 dB of loss with high performance connectors.
xvii
Return loss is another important factor. It is a measure of re ection. The less
re ection the better, (the larger the return loss, the smaller the re ection).
The best physically contacting connectors have return losses better than
50 dB, although 30 to 40 dB is more common.
Causes of connector loss and re ections include core misalignment,
dierences in the numerical aperture of two bers, spacing and air gaps,
re ections caused by damaged, worn, or loose ber ends, and the improper
use and removal of index matching compounds.
Achieving the best possible connection, where the ber end faces are ush
(no air gap) and properly aligned, depends on two things:
1. the type of connector
2. using the proper cleaning and connecting techniques. If the connection is
lossy or re ective, light will not make a smooth transition. If the transition
is not smooth or the connection is not repeatable, measurement data will
be less accurate. For this reason, lightwave connections can make a critical
dierence in optical measurement systems.
xviii
Cleaning and handling Proper cleaning and handling of lightwave connectors is imperative for
achieving accurate and repeatable measurements with your Agilent
Technologies lightwave equipment. Lightwave interfaces should be cleaned
before each measurement using the techniques described in this handbook.
Information on protecting and storing your connectors/cables and tips on how
to properly mate connectors are also included in this section.
De nition of terms
To avoid confusion, the following de nitions are used in this handbook.
Connector Houses the ber end, most open at the end of a lightwave
cable or on the front panel of an instrument or accessory.
Adapter Does not contain optical ber. Used to mate two optical
connectors.
Handling
Always handle lightwave connectors and cable ends with great care. Fiber
ends should never be allowed to touch anything except other mating surfaces
or cleaning solutions and tools.
Always keep connectors and cable ends covered with a protective cap when
they are not in use. (See \Storage.")
Cleaning
Two cleaning processes are provided. The rst process describes how to clean
non-lensed lightwave connectors. The second process describes how to clean
lightwave adapters.
CAUTION Agilent Technologies strongly recommends index matching compounds NOT
be applied to their instruments and accessories. Some compounds, such as
gels, may be dicult to remove and can contain damaging particulates. If
you think the use of such compounds is necessary, refer to the compound
manufacturer for information on application and cleaning procedures.
xix
Cleaning non-lensed Equipment
lightwave connectors The following is a list of the items that should be used to clean non-lensed
lightwave connectors.
Pure isopropyl alcohol : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : {
Cotton swabs : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Agilent part number 8520-0023
Foam swabs : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Agilent part number 9300-1223
Compressed air : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Agilent part number 8500-5262
CAUTION Agilent Technologies recommends you do not use any type of foam swab
to clean optical ber cable ends. Foam swabs can leave lmy deposits on
ber ends that can degrade performance. However, foam is required to clean
inside bulk head connectors.
Process
Before cleaning the ber end, clean the ferrules and other parts of the
connector. Use isopropyl alcohol, clean cotton swabs, and clean compressed
air. Then use alcohol to clean the ber end. Some amount of wiping or mild
scrubbing of the ber end can help remove particles when application of
alcohol alone will not remove them. This can be done by applying the alcohol
to a cotton swab and moving it back and forth across the ber end several
times. This technique can help remove or displace particles smaller than one
micron.
Allow the connector to dry (about a minute) or dry it immediately with clean
compressed air. Compressed air lessens the chance of deposits remaining on
the ber end after the alcohol evaporates. It should be blown horizontally
across the ber end. Visually inspect the ber end for stray cotton bers. As
soon as the connector is dry, the connection should be made.
CAUTION Inverting the compressed air canister while spraying will produce residue on
the sprayed surface. Refer to instructions provided on the compressed air
canister.
xx
Cleaning lightwave Equipment
adapters All of the items listed above for cleaning connectors may be used to clean
lightwave adapters. In addition, small foam swabs may be used along
with isopropyl alcohol and compressed air to clean the inside of lightwave
connector adapters.
NOTE
As noted in a previous caution statement, the foam swabs can leave lmy deposits. These deposits
are very thin however, and the risk of other contamination buildup on the inside of adapters greatly
outweighs the risk of contamination of foam swab deposits left from cleaning the inside of adapters.
Process
Clean the adapter by applying isopropyl alcohol to the inside of the connector
with a foam swab. Allow the adapter to air dry, or dry it immediately with
clean compressed air.
Storage All of Agilent Technologies' lightwave instruments are shipped with either
laser shutter caps or dust caps on the lightwave adapters that come with the
instrument. Also, all of the cables that are shipped have covers to protect the
cable ends from damage or contamination. These dust caps and protective
covers should be kept on the equipment except when in use.
Making connections Proper connection technique requires attention to connector compatibility,
insertion technique and torque requirements. Connectors must be the same
connector type in order to ensure mechanical and optical compatibility.
Attempting to connect incompatible connector types may prevent the
connection from functioning properly and even cause damage to the ber
surfaces. A visual inspection of the mechanical interfaces may not be
enough because some connector types have the same mechanical interface
but have dierent optical ber interfaces (for example, angled-no-contact,
angled-contact or straight-contact ber interfaces). Refer to the
manufacturer's data sheet to con rm connector type compatibility before
connecting.
xxi
When you insert the ferrule into an adapter, make sure the ber end does
not touch the outside of the mating adapter. This ensures you will not rub
the ber end against any undesirable surface. Many connectors have a keyed
slot provided for optimum measurement repeatability that also helps to align
and seat the two connectors. After the ferrule is properly seated inside the
other connector, use one hand to keep it straight, rotate it to align the key,
and tighten it with the other hand.
Most connectors using springs to push ber ends together exert one to two
pounds of force. Over-tightening or under-tightening these connectors can
result in misalignment and nonrepeatable measurements. Always nger
tighten the connector in a consistent manner. Refer to the manufacturer's
data sheet for any torque recommendations.
CAUTION OPTION 3XX INSTRUMENTS: To avoid damage, handle the pigtail ber with
care. Use only an appropriate ber cleaver tool for cutting the ber. Do
not pull the bare ber out of its jacket, crush it, kink it, or bend it past its
minimum bend radius.
Summary When making measurements with lightwave instruments or accessories,
the following precautions will help to insure good, reliable, repeatable
measurements:
Con rm connector type compatibility.
Use extreme care in handling all lightwave cables and connectors.
Be sure the connector interfaces are clean before making any connections.
Use the cleaning methods described in this handbook.
Keep connectors and cable ends covered when not in use.
xxii
Inspection Visual inspection
Although it is not necessary, visual inspection of ber ends can be helpful.
Contamination and/or imperfections on the cable endface can be detected as
well as cracks or chips in the ber itself.
Several ber inspection scopes are on the market, but any microscope with
an enlargement range of 100X to 200X can be used. It is helpful to devise
some method to hold the ber in place while viewing in this range.
Inspect the entire endface for contamination, raised metal, or dents in the
metal, as well as any other imperfections. Inspect the ber core for cracks
and chips.
Visible imperfections not touching the ber core may not aect the
performance of the lightwave connection (unless the imperfections keep
the bers from contacting). Consistent optical measurements are the best
assurance that your lightwave connection is performing properly.
WARNING Always remove both ends of ber-optic cables from any instrument,
system, or device before visually inspecting the ber ends. Disable all
optical sources before disconnecting ber-optic cables. Failure to do so
may result in permanent injury to your eyes.
Optical performance Introduction
testing Consistent measurements with your lightwave equipment are a good
indication that you have good connections. However, you may wish to know
the insertion loss and/or return loss of your lightwave cables or accessories. If
you test your cables and accessories for insertion loss and return loss upon
receipt, and retain the measured data for comparison, you will be able to tell
in the future if any degradation has occurred.
Insertion loss
Insertion loss can be tested using a number of dierent test equipment
con gurations. Some of these are:
an Agilent 8702B or Agilent 8703A lightwave component analyzer system
with a lightwave source and receivers
an Agilent 83420 lightwave test set with an Agilent 8510 network analyzer
xxiii
an Agilent 8153A lightwave multimeter with a source and a power sensor
module
Many other possibilities exist. The basic requirements are an appropriate
lightwave source and a compatible lightwave receiver. Refer to the manuals
provided with your lightwave test equipment for information on how to
perform an insertion loss test.
Typical insertion loss for cables is less than 1 dB, and can be as little as
0.1 dB. For actual speci cations on your particular cable or accessory, refer to
the manufacturer.
Return loss
Return loss can be tested using a number of dierent test equipment
con gurations. Some of these are:
an Agilent 8703A lightwave component analyzer
an Agilent 8702B lightwave component analyzer with the appropriate
source, receiver and lightwave coupler
an Agilent 8504B precision re ectometer
an Agilent 8153A lightwave multimeter and Agilent 81534A return loss
module
Many other possibilities exist. The basic requirements are an appropriate
lightwave source, a compatible lightwave receiver, and a compatible
lightwave coupler.
Refer to the manuals provided with your lightwave test equipment for
information on how to perform a return loss test.
Typical return loss for single mode units is better than 40 dB. For actual
speci cations on your particular cable or accessory, refer to the manufacturer.
xxiv
In This Book
This manual provides information about the Agilent 83480A-series digital
communications analyzers and the Agilent 54750A-series digitizing
oscilloscopes.
Part 1 Chapter 1 gives you a brief overview of the instrument and describes
Introduction the menu and key conventions and the front and rear panels
of the instrument.
Chapter 2 describes the front panel keys and functions.
Chapter 3 lists the speci cations and characteristics of the instrument.
Chapter 4 gives an overview of the calibration options.
Part 2 Chapter 5 gives the eye, mask and eyeline measurement tutorials.
Digital Communications Chapter 6 describes the mask test, measure eye, channel setup, time
Analyzer Functions base and trigger menus.
Part 3 Chapter 7 describes the automatic waveform measurement process.
Digitizing Oscilloscope Chapter 8 describes how to use the built-in automatic measurements.
Functions
Chapter 9 describes how to increase measurement accuracy and how to
make time-interval measurements.
Chapter 10 describes the acquisition, channel setup, de ne measure,
FFT, histogram, math, time base and trigger menus.
Part 4 Chapter 11 describes the disk, display, limit test, marker, setup, setup
System Functions print, utility and waveform menus.
Chapter 12 provides a list of messages that may appear on the
instrument's display.
Chapter 13 describes basic instrument architecture.
xxv
Contents
Sales and service oces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii
1. The Instrument at a Glance
Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-5
Menu and Key Conventions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-7
The Front Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-9
4Autoscale5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-10
Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-11
Entry devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-13
Indicator lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-14
The Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-15
2. General Purpose Keys
The Clear Display Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-3
2-4
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
The Fine Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Help Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-5
The Local Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
The Run Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-7
The Stop/Single Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-8
3. Speci cations and Characteristics
Horizontal System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-3
Trigger Speci cations Electrical and Optical Channels . . 3-4
Standard instrument, 2.5 GHz mode . . . . . . . . . 3-4
Option 100, 12 GHz mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
Option 100, 12 GHz/Gate mode . . . . . . . . . . . 3-5
General Speci cations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-6
4. Calibration Overview
Factory Calibrations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
Mainframe Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-4
O/E Factory Wavelength Calibration . . . . . . . . 4-6
User Calibrations|Optical and Electrical . . . . . . . 4-8
O/E User-Wavelength Calibration . . . . . . . . . . 4-10
Plug-in Module Vertical Calibration . . . . . . . . . 4-12
Oset Zero Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-13
Dark Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-15
Contents-1
Channel Skew Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-16
Probe Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-17
External Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-19
Complete Calibration Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-21
5. Eye, Mask and Eyeline Mode Measurement Tutorials
Making Eye Diagram Measurements . . . . . . . . . . 5-3
Setting up the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-4
Positioning the waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-5
Making the measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Measuring extinction ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-10
Measuring eye height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-13
Measuring crossing % . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-14
Measuring eye width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-15
Measuring jitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-16
Measuring duty cycle distortion . . . . . . . . . . . 5-17
Measuring Q-factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-19
Measuring rise time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-21
Measuring fall time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-23
Testing to a Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-25
Setting up the system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-27
Positioning the waveform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-28
Making the measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-31
Standard Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-32
Making Eyeline Measurements (Agilent 83480A Option 001
only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-37
Eyeline traces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-38
Noise reduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-40
Error trace capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-42
Equipment con guration/program installation . . . . 5-43
Error trace capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-49
6. The Digital Communications Analysis Menus
Mask Test Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-3
6-19
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Scale Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-21
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Mask Align . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-22
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Align Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-23
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Run... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-25
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Fail action... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents-2
Measure Eye Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-30
Extinction ratio... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-32
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
6-35
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Eye height . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-36
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Crossing % . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-38
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Eye width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-39
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Jitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-40
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Duty cycle distortion... . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-41
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Q-factor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Channel Setup Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-43
Time Base Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-44
6-45
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-45
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Bit Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-46
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-46
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-47
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-48
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Time base windowing... . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-49
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Window Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trigger Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-50
Trigger Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-50
6-51
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-51
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-52
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
External Scale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-52
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-52
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Slope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-53
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Hysteresis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6-53
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Trig Bandwidth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents-3
7. Waveform Measurements
How to Make Waveform Measurements . . . . . . . . . 7-3
The Waveform Measurement Process . . . . . . . . . 7-4
Data collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-5
Building a histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-6
Calculating min and max from the data record . . . . 7-7
Calculating top and base . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-8
Locating crossing points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-9
Calculating thresholds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-10
Determining rising and falling edges . . . . . . . . . 7-11
Standard Waveform De nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
Voltage and power measurements . . . . . . . . . . 7-14
Timing de nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-17
User-de ned 1time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7-19
Some important measurement considerations . . . . . 7-20
8. Making Automatic Measurements
Period and frequency measurements . . . . . . . . . 8-3
Pulse width measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Rise time, fall time, preshoot, and overshoot
measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-4
Front Panel Measure Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-5
8-5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
1time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-6
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
+width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-6
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
. . . . .
8-6
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Duty Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-7
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Fall Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-7
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-7
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Overshoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-8
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-8
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Preshoot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-8
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Rise Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-9
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Vamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-9
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Vbase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-9
NNNNNNNNNNN
Vpp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-10
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Vrms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents-4
8-10
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Vtop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General Meas Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-11
8-12
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Tmax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-12
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Tmin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-12
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Vavg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-13
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Vlower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-13
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Vmiddle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-13
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Vupper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Avg Power Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-14
8-14
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Avg Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Freq Domain Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-15
8-15
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
FFT freq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-15
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
FFT mag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-16
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
FFT 1freq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-16
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
FFT 1mag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-17
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-17
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Peak number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-18
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Pk threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Histogram Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-19
61 . . . . . 8-19
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
62 . . . . . 8-19
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
63 . . . . . 8-20
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-20
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
hits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-20
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
mean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-21
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
median . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-21
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-21
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
pk-pk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8-22
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
std dev . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Contents-5
9. Increasing Measurement Accuracy and Time-Interval
Measurement
Increasing Measurement Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Measuring time intervals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-3
Automatic measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-4
Markers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Channel-to-channel measurements . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Statistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-5
Jitter and Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-8
Time-Interval Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
dc errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-9
Vertical quantization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13
Summary of dc errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-13
Dynamic response errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-14
Rise time response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9-15
10. General Purpose Oscilloscope Menus
Acquisition Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-3
10-4
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Averaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-5
NNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Best . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10-6
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
Record length... . . . . .