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IV Characterization of OLEDs Using
the Agilent B2900A Series of SMUs
Technical Overview
Agilent B2901/02/11/12A Precision Source/Measure Unit
Agilent B2901A Precision SMU, 1ch, 100 fA resolution, 210 V, 3A DC/10.5 A pulse
Agilent B2902A Precision SMU, 2ch, 100 fA resolution, 210 V, 3A DC/10.5 A pulse
Agilent B2911A Precision SMU, 1ch, 10 fA resolution, 210 V, 3A DC/10.5 A pulse
Agilent B2912A Precision SMU, 2ch, 10 fA resolution, 210 V, 3A DC/10.5 A pulse
Introduction
Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs)
have been attracting a lot of atten-
tion recently, especially for use in
flat panel televisions. This is due to
several advantages they possess over
cathode ray and liquid crystal tech-
nologies, including superior angled
viewing, lack of need for a backlight
and lower drive voltage and power B2901/02/11/12A
High force
consumption. Much of the research A
into OLED technology centers around -
improving efficiency and extending
V OLED
the OLED's lifetime. To properly -
evaluate OLED devices, a precise and
broad range of current versus voltage
(IV) measurement capabilities is Low force
required.
Figure 1. Example of OLED characterization using the B2900A Series of SMUs
Agilent B2901/02/11/12A Precision
Source/Measure Unit is a compact the B2900A Series of SMUs comes Figure 1 shows an example of OLED
and cost-effective bench-top Source/ with an intuitive graphical user measurement using a member of the
Measure Unit (SMU) with the capabil- interface (GUI) and free PC-based B2900A Series of SMUs. The B2900A
ity to output and measure both volt- application software that make it easy Series of SMUs allows you to accu-
age and current. The B2900A Series for you to begin making productive rately and easily measure the basic
of SMUs enables you to make a wide measurements immediately. These IV parameters and characteristics of
range of current versus voltage (IV) features make the B2900A Series of OLEDs, including forward and reverse
measurements more accurately and SMUs the best solution for accurate bias IV characteristics as well as
quickly than ever before. In addition, electrical characterization of OLEDs. leakage current measurements.
What is the B2900A to eliminate the voltage error caused Quick and easy IV
by test lead residual resistance.
Series of SMUs? Measurements made through a
characterization
An SMU combines the capabilities of 2-wire connection can contain signifi- During routine device evaluation it
a current source, a voltage source, cant error when the resistance being is often desirable to make a quick
a current meter and a voltage meter measured is comparable to that of measurement from the instrument's
along with the capability to switch the test leads (please see Figure 2a). front panel without having to go
easily between these various func- However, a 4-wire measurement uses through the time and trouble of writ-
tions into a single instrument. This one pair of leads to force current and ing a test program. To meet this need,
gives it the ability to evaluate the IV the other pair of leads to monitor volt- all members of the B2900A Series of
characteristics of devices across all age. This eliminates cable resistance SMUs have a resident GUI that makes
four measurement quadrants without effects so that only the voltage drop it easy to perform a variety of tests
the need for any additional equip- across the DUT is measured (please and save measurement data without
ment. Besides being able to output see Figure 2b). In addition, the 4-wire having to write any code.
and measure voltage or current very measurement scheme of the B2900A
accurately, SMUs also possess a Series of SMUs keeps the voltage The wide QVGA LCD display of the
compliance feature that allows a limit between the sense points (A and B B2900A Series of SMUs supports an
to be placed on the voltage or current in Figure 2b) at exactly the specified easy-to-use GUI that provides easy
output to prevent device damage. The voltage Vset, thereby ensuring that instrument control from the front
members of the B2900A Series of your device is characterized exactly panel (please see Figure 3). The
SMUs are single or dual channel SMU under the measurement conditions GUI of the B2900A Series of SMUs
units that offer a wide range of IV you specify.
measurement capability for a variety
of two-terminal and three-terminal B2901/02/11/12A B2901/02/11/12A
devices. They cover currents from RLead
10 fA to 3 A (DC)/10.5 A (pulse) and High force IMeas High force IMeas
voltages from 100 nV to 210 V. In RLead
addition to their DC operation mode, High sense High sense A
the B2900A Series of SMUs also has VMeas VSet OLED VMeas VSet OLED
the ability to perform pulsed measure-
Low sense Low sense B
ments in order to prevent device RLead
self-heating from distorting the Low force Low force
measurement results.
a) 2-wire connection b) 4-wire connection
The B2900A Series of SMUs supports
4-wire measurements (remote sensing) Figure 2. A 4-wire connection eliminates the measurement error caused by residual lead
resistance
1) Set the measurement condition 2) Change the view mode
and the compliance
3) Execute
a) Single view b) Graph view
Figure 3. The GUI of the B2900A Series of SMUs makes it easy to take a quick measurement and display the results
2
has the following multiple viewing The Agilent B2900A Graphical Web The Agilent B2900A Quick I/V
modes: Single View, Dual View, Graph Interface provides functionality to Measurement Software has more
View and Roll View (for viewing time allow access to the B2900A Series powerful measurement capabilities
domain measurements). Single View of SMUs over a LAN connection. The to control the B2900A Series of
mode allows you to easily set up not B2900A Series of SMUs is fully com- SMUs over GPIB, USB or LAN
only constant voltage and current pliant with the LXI class C specifica- connections (please see Figure 5).
measurements but also swept voltage tion and it contains a web server that You can download this PC-based
and current measurements. Dual provides a webpage with an interface software from Agilent's web site
View can perform similar functions to support the basic measurement for free. The Agilent B2900A Quick
for both channels simultaneously (for functions of the B2900A Series of I/V Measurement Software also
B2902A and B2912A). After measure- SMUs. You can quickly and easily supports a variety of functions such
ment completion you can use the make measurements using a standard as a sweep measurement, a sampling
front panel GUI to graphically view web browser by just connecting the measurement, graphical display
measurement results such as IV B2900A Series of SMUs to a PC using functions and the ability to save test
curves using Graph View, and display a LAN cable. results into CSV files.
a list of the measurement data using
the Measure Result dialog window.
The B2900A Series of SMUs has a
USB interface on the front panel so Measurement
that a USB flash memory device can data Measurement
be used with the B2900A Series of setups
SMUs to save and load measurement
setups as well as to save measure-
ment results. In addition, Graph View
supports a Screen Dump function that Graph dump to JPEG
enables you to save screen images
(such as IV curves) to any attached
USB flash memory device as JPEG
files, making it easy to include
graphical results in reports and Figure 4. Measurement results and measurement setups can be saved to any attached
USB flash memory device
presentations (please see Figure 4).
Ready-to-use PC software
In addition to its powerful and
easy-to-use GUI, the B2900A Series
of SMUs comes with free PC applica-
tion software to facilitate program
development if you prefer PC-based
instrument control. The Agilent
B2900A Graphical Web Interface
and the Agilent B2900A Quick I/V
Measurement Software are both
available for the B2900A Series of
SMUs.
Figure 5. It is easy to make a quick measurement on a PC using the Agilent B2900A
Quick I/V Measurement Software
3
Easy custom program Summary
support The Agilent B2901/02/11/12A
If you have specialized programming Precision Source/Measure Unit is the
needs then both Standard Commands best solution for IV characterization
for Programmable Instruments (SCPI) of OLEDs. Its wide current and
and IVI-COM drivers are available for voltage measurement ranges (from
the B2900A Series of SMUs. SCPI 10 fA/100 nV to 10.5 A/210 V)
is an industry-standard command provide superior measurement perfor-
set for basic instruments, and it has mance and allow you to characterize
a uniform structure that supports a devices more accurately and easily
common set of commands. The SCPI than ever before.
command set of the B2900A Series of
SMUs not only supports its advanced The easy-to-use GUI of the B2900A
features but also general-purpose Series of SMUs has a variety of capa-
SMU commands (such as those used bilities and features that make it easy
by the Keithley 2400) to simplify to take measurements quickly and
test program migration. In addition to save both the measurement setup
to SCPI, the IVI-COM drivers for the conditions and data to USB-based
B2900A Series of SMUs work in a flash memory devices.
variety of programming environments
and languages so that you can In addition to being able to control
develop programs without having to the B2900A Series of SMUs remotely
use low-level commands. over GPIB, USB and LAN interfaces,
Agilent supplies PC-based Agilent
B2900A Graphical Web Interface
and Agilent B2900A Quick I/V
Measurement Software for free to
simplify controlling the B2900A Series
of SMUs from your PC.
For more detailed information on the
various models of the B2900A Series
of SMUs, please refer to the data
sheet of the B2900A Series of SMUs
(5990-7009EN).
The B2900A Series of SMUs enables
you to quickly debug and accurately
characterize a wide variety of devices
using only a single bench-top SMU.
4
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