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SECTION 2A
SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Diagnostic Information and Procedures . . . . . 2A-1 General Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2A-1 Wheel Bearing Diagnosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2A-6
DIAGNOSTIC INFORMATION AND PROCEDURES
GENERAL DIAGNOSIS
Problems in the steering, the suspension, the tires, and the wheels involve several systems. Consider all systems when you diagnose a complaint. Some problems, such as abnormal or excessive tire wear and scuffed tires, may be the result of hard driving. Always road test the vehicle first. If possible, do this road test with the customer. Proceed with the following preliminary checks. Correct any substandard conditions.
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Application Checks Correction Preliminary Checks D Inspect the tires for improper pressure and uneven wear. D Inspect the joint from the steering column to the intermediate shaft for loose connections or wear. D Inspect the joint from the intermediate shaft to the steering gear for loose connections or wear. D Inflate the tires to the proper pressure. D Tighten the coupling flange pinch bolts. D Replace the intermediate shaft as needed. D Inspect the front and the rear suspension, the steering gear, and the linkage for loose or damaged parts. D Tighten the front and the rear suspension. D Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket bolts. D Replace the front and the rear suspension as needed. D Replace the steering gear as needed. D Replace the coupling flange as needed. D Perform free runout test. D Match춎ount the tires. D Balance the wheels. D Replace the wheels. D Replace the wheel bearings. D Tighten the power steering pump drive belt. D Repair any leaks. D Perform a power steering gear test. D Add power steering fluid. D Inspect for out춐f춓ound tires. D Inspect for out춐f춂alance tires, bent wheels, and worn or loose wheel bearings. D Check the power steering pump drive belt tension. D Inspect the power steering system. Also, check the power steering fluid level.
DAEWOO M-150 BL2
2A � 2 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
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Condition Probable Cause Correction Car Lead/Pull D Mismatched or uneven tires. D Replace the tires. D A broken or a sagging coil spring. D Replace the coil spring. D A improperly radial tire lateral force. D Check the wheel alignment. D Switch the tire and wheel assemblies. D Replace the tires as needed. D Align the front wheels. D Reseat the pinion valve assembly. D Replace the pinion valve assembly as needed. D Adjust the front brakes. D Align the front and the rear wheels. D Adjust the toe. D Replace the coil spring. D Balance the tires. D Replace the strut dampeners. D Rotate the tires. D Replace the tires as needed. D Maintain the proper load weight. D Inflate the tires to the proper pressure. D Adjust the toe. D Replace the suspension arm. D Balance the tire or the wheel. D Replace the strut dampeners. D Balance the tire or the wheel. D Measure the hub flange runout. D Replace the hub as needed. D Adjust the brakes. D Replace the brake rotor or the brake drum as needed. D Replace the tie rod ends. D Balance the wheel. D Replace the control arm and ball joint assembly. D Measure the wheel runout. D Replace the wheel as needed. D Match춎ount the tire and wheel assembly. D The front춛heel alignment is out춐f춁lign. D Off춃enter steering gear. D Front춂rake dragging. Abnormal or Excessive Tire Wear D The front춛heel and rear춛heel alignment is out춐f춁lign. D Excessive toe. D A broken or a sagging coil spring. D Out춐f춂alance tires. D Worn strut dampeners. D A failure to rotate tires. D Overloaded vehicle. D Low tire inflation. Scuffed Tires D Incorrect toe. D A twisted or a bent suspension arm. Wheel Tramp D An out춐f춂alance tire or wheel. D Improper strut dampener action. Shimmy, Shake, or Vibration D An out춐f춂alance tire or wheel. D Excessive wheel hub runout. D Excessive brake drum or brake rotor imbalance. D Worn tie rod ends. D Wheel trim imbalance. D A worn ball joint. D Excessive wheel runout. D Excessive loaded radial runout on the tire and wheel assembly.
DAEWOO M-150 BL2
SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS 2A � 3
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Condition Probable Cause Correction Hard Steering (Manual) D A lack of lubrication of the ball joints, the tie rods and the steering gear. D Lubricate the ball joints, the tie rods, and the steering gear. D Replace the control arm and ball joint assembly, the tie rods, and the steering gear as needed. D Align the front wheels. D Adjust the steering gear. D Perform a rack bearing preload on춚ehicle adjustment. D Test the power steering system pressure with a gauge. D Replace the seals and the hoses as needed. D Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket bolts. D Tighten the drive axle nut. D Replace the wheel bearing as needed. D Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket bolts. D Perform a rack bearing preload on춚ehicle adjustment. D Tighten the coupling pinch bolts. D Replace the intermediate shaft as needed. D The front춛heel alignment is out춐f춁lign. D Steering gear adjustment is out춐f춁djustment. Hard Steering (Power) D The steering preload adjustment is out춐f춁djustment. D The leaked hydraulic system. D A loose steering gear mounting. Too Much Play in Steering. D Worn or loose wheel bearings. D A loose steering gear mounting. D The steering preload adjustment is out춐f춁djustment. D Loose connections or wear of the joint from the steering column to the intermediate shaft. D Loose connections or wear of the joint from the intermediate shaft to the steering gear. Poor Returnability D Binding in the ball joints. D Binding in the steering column. D Replace the control arm and ball joint assembly. D Lubricate the steering column. D Replace the steering column as needed. D Align the front wheels. D Perform a rack bearing preload on춚ehicle adjustment. D Lubricate the pinion valve assembly. D Replace the pinion valve assembly as needed. D Replace the intermediate shaft. D Replace the damaged suspension components. D Replace the control arm bushings or the tie rods. D The front춛heel alignment is out춐f춁lign. D The steering preload adjustment is out춐f춁djustment. D A sticking valve. D Binding in the coupling on the intermediate shaft. Abnormal Noise, Front Suspension D Damaged suspension components. D Worn control arm bushings or tie rod ends.
DAEWOO M-150 BL2
2A � 4 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
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Condition Probable Cause Correction Abnormal Noise, Front Suspension D A loose stabilizer shaft link. D Loose wheel nuts. D Tighten the stabilizer shaft link. D Tighten the wheel nuts. D Loose suspension bolts or nuts. D Loose wheel covers. D Worn strut dampeners or strut mountings. D An improperly positioned strut spring. Wander or Poor Steering Ability D Mismatched or uneven tires. D Worn strut dampeners. D A loose stabilizer shaft link. D A broken or a sagging coil spring. D The steering preload adjustment is out춐f춁djustment. D The front춛heel and the rear춛heel alignment are out춐f춁lign. Erratic Steering when Braking D Worn or loose wheel bearings. D A broken or a sagging coil spring. D A leaking caliper. D Warped rotors. D An incorrect or an uneven caster. D Tighten the suspension bolts or the nuts. D Tighten the wheel covers. D Replace the strut dampeners. D Tighten the strut mounting nuts. D Adjust the strut spring to the proper position. D Replace the tires. D Replace the strut dampeners. D Tighten the stabilizer shaft link. D Replace the coil spring. D Perform a rack bearing preload on춚ehicle adjustment. D Align the front and the rear end wheels. D Replace the wheel bearings. D Replace the coil spring. D Replace the caliper. D Replace the rotors. D If the caster is beyond specifications, check the frame and repair it as needed. D Replace the coil spring. D Maintain the proper load weight. D Replace the coil spring. D Replace the strut dampeners. D Replace the coil spring. D Replace the strut dampeners. D Replace the coil spring. D Tighten the stabilizer shaft link. D Replace the strut dampeners. D Tighten the strut assembly mounting nuts. D Maintain the proper load weight. D Replace the coil spring. D Replace the strut dampeners. D Maintain the proper load weight. D Replace the coil spring. Low or Uneven Trim Height D A broken or a sagging coil spring. D An overloaded vehicle. D An incorrect or weak coil spring. Ride Too Soft D Worn strut dampeners. D A broken or a sagging coil spring. Ride Too Harsh D Incorrect strut dampeners. D An incorrect coil spring. Body Leans or Sways in Corners D A loose stabilizer shaft link. D Worn strut dampeners or strut mountings. D an overloaded vehicle. D A broken or a sagging coil spring. Suspension Bottoms D Worn strut dampeners. D An overloaded vehicle. D A broken or a sagging coil spring.
DAEWOO M-150 BL2
SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS 2A � 5
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Condition Probable Cause Correction Steering Wheel Kickback (Power) D Air in the power steering system. D A loose steering gear mounting. D Bleed the power steering system. D Tighten the steering gear mounting bracket bolts. D Tighten the coupling pinch bolts. D Replace the intermediate shaft as needed. D Loose connections or wear of the joint from the steering column to the intermediate shaft. D Loose connections or wear of the joint from the intermediate shaft to the steering gear. D Loose tie rod ends. D Loose or worn wheel bearings. Steering Wheel Surges or Jerks (Power) D Low pressure in the power steering system. D A sluggish steering gear valve. D Tighten the tie rod ends. D Replace the tie rods as needed. D Tighten the drive axle nut. D Replace the wheel bearing as needed. D Replace the seals and the hoses as needed. D Clean the pinion valve assembly. D Replace the pinion valve assembly as needed. D Adjust the power steering pump drive belt. D Align the front and the rear wheels. D Replace the strut dampeners. D Tighten the drive axle nut. D Replace the wheel bearings as needed. D Match춎ount the tires. D Replace the tires as needed. D Replace the wheels as needed. D Replace the control arm and ball joint assembly. D Perform a rack bearing preload on춚ehicle adjustment. D A loose power steering pump drive belt. Cupped Tires D The front춛heel and the rear춛heel alignment are out춐f춁lign. D Worn strut dampeners. D Worn or loose wheel bearing. D Excessive tire or wheel runout. D A worn ball joints. D The steering gear preload adjustment is out춐f춁djustment.
DAEWOO M-150 BL2
2A � 6 SUSPENSION DIAGNOSIS
WHEEL BEARING DIAGNOSIS
This vehicle with non춖erviceable bearings in the rear wheels. If any fault is found with a wheel bearing, it must be replaced.
Wheel Bearing Noise
A road test usually reveals excessive wheel bearing noise. Wheel bearings emit a howling sound when loose or damaged. Wheel bearing noise is present only when the vehicle is moving. It is constant and unwavering and increases with the speed of the vehicle. If the wheel bearing noise cannot be positively diagnosed, or if the
origin of the noise cannot be determined, perform the following test : 1. Raise and suitably support the vehicle. 2. Spin the wheels using your hand. Check for out춐f� round or out춐f춂alance tires, bent rims, or loose wheel bearings. 3. Spin the rear wheels using a commercial wheel spiner. 4. If a noise can be heard from the passenger compartment, replace the noisy wheel bearings. Refer to Section 2D, Rear Suspension. 5. Lower the vehicle.
DAEWOO M-150 BL2