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Contains items that require
NonDisclosureAgreement
"SIMPLY COMPLETE"
Presented by:
E. Arnold
&
P. Schepers
TV System Design, ICE, Eindhoven
© Philips Electronics N.V. 2003 All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The presented information does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Diagrams in this presentation are intended to explain the functional behavior of a TV receiver with UOC-III "Hercules" concept, not necessarily in accordance with the actual IC implementation.
Start this presentation with a mouse-click & read the "Notes Pages"
?
File: Herc_1.ppt = Introduction, v1.2 29-09-2003 by E.Arnold
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-1
Introducing UOC-III " HERCules " :
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1. Objectives of this course 2. Introduction: · Market positioning of Hercules · Sub-division of low- and mid-end TV market · Family overview 3. Block diagrams 4. Intake open questions
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-2
UOC-III "
Hercules
" TV course, part 1:
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5. 6.
The Guard Ring approach Application aspects: · Do's and don'ts with TDA110xx · System Example: Global TV Receiver
7.
Answering questions
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Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-3
UOC-III "
Hercules
" TV course, part 2:
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From Idea to Product:
Hamburg Nijmegen Application IC design
!! $$$
Spec & ApNote Emulator Debugger
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-5
GTV
IPM Nijmegen + Shanghai
Development
Herc
!? ?! ?
TVSD ICE Eindhoven
System Architecture & Definition
I2C
Reference HW Training TV System architecture PC menu I2C driver
GTV platform SW libraries
TVSD (HW) + SDCE (SW) Innovation Center Eindhoven
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Technical support:
TV Proc. : Nijmegen IC application TV system, EMC Software Sound DSP I.P. RSO µP + Emulator: Hamburg RSO Ref. Designs, EMC:
Eindhoven
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-6
IPM/RSO RSO
GTV + Business Partners:
Eindhoven+Southampton Hamburg
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Objectives:
· Faster design-in cycle = higher efficiency for all · Make information easier accessible for all levels of experience (engineers, software writers, QA) · Share I.C. & system application information · Share layout & EMC experience · STANDARD solutions
(libraries, basic cell, IP-blocks)
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-7
Philips Semiconductors' approach for customer support aims to make our customers "self-supporting". That is more efficient for both parties. Software has become a substantial part of the total design effort. Philips Semiconductors understands that our technical information will be used by experienced TV developers, but ALSO by "fresh" engineers. We are now adding more (basic) functional descriptions to our (detailed) technical application notes.
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Design-in approach:
Old
· Technology driven (sell what we can make) · Application assistance at first design · Technical description (how we've done it) · Description I2C-bus bits · TV know-how required
New
· Market driven (make what we can sell) · Training before design starts (saves time) · Functional descriptions (how functions are intended) · TV functions & algorithms · Higher abstraction level
With this IC training course we want to present you a COMPLETE system in a short time frame. Please use the documentation of this course together with our technical Application Notes and it should be easier to: - understand how certain functions should be operated - find the link between a function and its I2C-bus control bits - prevent errors in TV chassis design In the IC's Application Note you can find descriptions of each pin and the I2Cbus control bits. In this training course we will show how TV functions use the I2C-bus bits. The diagrams in this presentation are intended to explain the functional behavior. The actual IC implementation may be different.
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-8
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What set makers want:
ü Total integration for 50/60Hz TV chassis ü All-in-one IC, one design for Mono & Stereo ü Picture & sound enhancements ü Many I/O pins & switches, but less components ü Faster time-to-market ü Faster factory throughput
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-9
The "truly-global" TV capabilities of the UOC-III "Hercules" IC, makes it possible to cover more market with less chassis designs. The application overhead of the maximum versus the minimum version is small. Leaving out some components is often cheaper than having different PCB designs.
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The
platform:
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-10
· The next step of integration: UOCIII - Less versions (keep cost effectiveness) - More features (= more pins : QFP128) · Make TV design as easy as possible · Optimal process combination
(MCM of CMOS + BIMOS)
Available as I/O pins: - 4x ADC/IO - 2x Int/IO - 6x PWM/IO - 2x IO - 2x IO (no UART used) - 5x Output (no I2S used) - 1x Swo (no YUVoutput used) - 1x SwIo/Vguard (p12) = 23 lines, excluding I2C
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"Face-down" QFP-package:
· Two variants = easier choice for PCB layout · Existing QFP128 SMD
package SOT-320-2
"Old" face 32 33 64 1 Old pinning (IC-top view) 65 96
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-11
128
· Same physical IC,
but legs bent the other way
128
32
97
33 New, reversed pinning (IC-top view) 96 65
· Type number printed
on the new "top" of the "flipped" - IC
"New" face 97
64
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1
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The
highlights:
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-12
· One IC for everything: Control, small-signal, mono/stereo, extensive Audio/Video · Upgrade with digital sound & video processing · Alignment free IF, including SECAM-L/L1 + AM · FM sound, no external filters (traps/band-pass 4.5/5.5/6.0/6.5) · Full multi-standard colour decoder · One Xtal reference for all functions (micro processor, RCP,
TXT, CC, RDS, colour decoder & stereo sound processor)
Modern PLL techniques are used to eliminate alignments. The IF frequency can simply be chosen from: - 58.75 MHz (Japan), - 45.75 MHz (America), - 33.4 or 33.9 MHz (SECAM-L1 only in France), - 38.0 MHz (China) - 38.9 MHz (Europe) Mono version: The FM sound carrier is demodulated using a "Narrow-Band-PLL", enhanced with internal band pass filters. Since the Narrow-Band-PLL is automatically calibrated, a multi-standard implementation can be made WITHOUT external switching. Stereo versions: Addition of a sound-DSP offers stereo decoding for all terrestrial stereo standards. Audio processing includes Dolby Pro-Logic, Virtual Dolby and many other features to enhance the TV sound.
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The
highlights:
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-13
· Only 3.3V, 10mA needed in TV-standby (PowerDown mode) · Low stress by innovative slow start/stop of HOUT · Separate adjusted colour temperature hi/low-light · Selectable I/O pin configuration:
ADC / PWM / Push-Pull / Open-Drain ...
· Byte-level hardware, multi-master I2C-bus:
Transmit/receive up to 400kHz (Normal/Fast-mode I2C), "In-System" (re)Programming up to 2MHz (Hs-mode I2C)
All 3.3V supply pins should be permanently connected to the Standby supply. Including peripheral components, the start-up current is less than ??100mA. During standby mode the device's power consumption can be reduced to ??12mA, by bringing the software in Power Saving mode (improved POWERDOWN and IDLE modes).
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The
highlights:
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-14
· Enhanced 80c51 micro processor core · (re)programmable program memory 64 .. 128KB, same type for OSD + TXT + CC character sets · High performance OSD : - Italics, Underline, Shadowing - Soft colours - Soft scroll - Reduced-intensity background - Dynamic Redefinable Characters (DRCs)
Normal 8051 core can address up to 64KB of ROM. The address space is enhanced with bank-switching. Characters can also be modified in (re)programmable-ROM, allowing customer logo's, special characters etc. With the inclusion of Closed Captioning (American subtitling) the same attributes also become available for On Screen Display. DRCs make it possible to add dynamic animations to the OSD. They can also be used to extend the number of OSD character fonts.
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Classification of TV receivers:
Low+
PHILIPS
LowPHILIPS
Low
PHILIPS
Low++
PHILIPS
Mid-2 Speaker Mono
PHILIPS
Mono TDA8361 + TDA4665 + PCA84C441
TDA8362 + TDA4665 + TDA8395 + PCA84C641
TDA935x/6x/8x - FM Ultimate One Chip
Mid
PHILIPS
MidPlayback Stereo
PHILIPS
TDA8362 + TDA4665 + TDA8395 + SAA5244 (1p TXT) + PCA84C841
TDA8362A + TDA4665 + TDA8395 + SAA5281 (8p TXT) + P83C055 Mid+
TDA8840 + SAA5290 (uP + TXT)
Y PR PB
Mid++
PHILIPS
PHILIPS
TDA8842 + SAA5291 (1p TXT)
TDA8844 + Stereo SAA5296 (10p TXT)
TDA8854 + SAA5497 (10p TXT)
TDA935x/6x/8x QSS Ultimate One · TDA935x/6x/8x-FM for- mono, -QSS forChip stereo ··UOC-III"Hercules" for Mono and Stereo UOCIII "Hercules" for Mono and Stereo · TDA95xx provides both QSS & FM/AM demod.
TDA9801 + TDA8376A + TDA4665 + TDA8395 + SAA5497 (10p TXT)
The largest production volume is found in the Low-end segment. The UOC-III "Hercules" IC makes it possible to build a very compact TV chassis, including extensive audio/video I/O switching. The Mid-end segment is dominated by stereo sets. This is usually a larger cabinet with two speakers and a stronger power supply. The on-board stereo DSP processor adds attractive sound features to the concept.
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Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-15
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Suitable for Small AND Big screen:
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-16
Horizontal Bow
Horizontal Parallelogram
Trapezium
· Suitable for "real-flat" and 16:9 CRT displays
For 110º applications UOC-III has an East-West modulator output, suitable to handle large screen picture tubes. Especially for completely flat picture tubes, controls for Horizontal Bow, Parallelogram and Vertical Linearity are added. For more precise alignment, the corner parabola's can be set independently for the upper and lower corners.
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Parabola
Vert. Linearity
Upper Corner Parabola
Lower Corner Parabola
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Low voltage Start-Up:
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-17
SMPS
+3V3 +5V
Horizontal Drive Pulses
+VB
Hor. Driver RDR LLEAK T D + D1 CF CDIV LH LP FBT EHT Beam Curr. +8V +5V CB
T DR
UOC-III Hercules
2-loop H-flyback
Pulse Shaper
+8V
Linearity correction CS
+VB
· 1V8, 3V3STANDBY and +VB needed to start line drive · Secondary +5V and +8V can be generated by FBT
LSU, MSU = NOT yet available in ES7.2D samples +5V and 1V8EXT must be ON during IC-reset ??
The IC can start generating HOUT line-drive pulses from only its 3.3V Standby supply voltage. This is called "Low voltage start-up". The +VB for the FBT is normally well-stabilized (1%) by the SMPS (determines picture width). Secondary supplies that are scan-rectified from the FBT need NO stabilizers. Also the +5V second power supply for the IC can be generated in this way.
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New
features: Video
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-18
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Full YUV-loop interface YPbPr input Tint and Peaking on peripherals (CVBS, Y/C, RGB, YPbPr) Scavem on ALL peripherals, plus independently for TXT/OSD Integrated 4H Comb filter (2D, time-discrete using digital techniques) Sound trap integration Economy histogram: "White-Stretch" & "DC-transfer ratio" Programmable Black stretch function ("depth" and "area selection") Pseudo auto Y/C detector 3-bit Signal-to-Noise ratio measurement Integration of White Stretch capacitor
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New
features: Micro / TXT
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-19
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0,10 or 100p Txt with embedded memory Twin TXT Double window (Video/TXT - all inputs) Linear and non Linear H-Scaler (all inputs) Flash-programmable ROM Improved power down High-speed I2C Bus 64 DRCS, 32 four-colour characters Up to 16x18 font size RDS (Radio Data System) Character smoothing
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New
features: Sound
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-20
Global Stereo-TV processing & stereo FM radio (look TV, listen radio) BTSC with DBX noise reduction [Trademark of THAT Corporation] DDEP = Demodulator + Decoder Easy Programming ASD = Auto Standard Detection SSS = Static Standard Selection BBE = High definition BBE sound [Trademark of BBE sound, Inc] DBE = Dynamic Bass Enhancement DUB-II = Dynamic Ultrabass-2 SRS = surround + bass effects VDS = Virtual Dolby Surround (VDS422/423) Dolby Pro Logic Delay & Pseudo Hall / Matrix function I2S out for Sub-Woofer or full 5-channel DPL [Trademark of Dolby Laboratories] Smooth volume control, soft mute, loudness, bass, treble, Incredible mono / Incredible stereo Programmable beeper AV Stereo playback
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Sound Multi BTSC Audio Mono 0 10 DSP stereo TDA110xx TDA120xx Type Number Number of TXT pages Comb filter
type selection:
NTSC Multi only Stereo Mono 256 8 128 4
Colour decoder
DW Panorama
FM radio
RDS/RDBS DBX Dolby Pro Logic Virtual Dolby SRS 3D stereo SRS TruSurround BBE ROM [kB] User RAM [kB]
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Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-21
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inside:
RGBF RGB switch Brightness RGB out Peaking Saturation Contrast YUV switch DAC F DAC YUV Stereo Sound
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-22
IF
Comb Colour Switch Filter Decoder
Vref
ADC
Sync
YUV
Split - screen Panorama
TXT OSD CC RDS
Micro + Flash
"Cosmic" UOCIII "Hercules"
"Picasso"
· Mixed process: BiMos + CMos = best of both worlds · Easy: "GTV" software takes care of all initialisations
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I2C-bit naming convention:
Control BIT Name, e.g: "VSW" FUNCTION Short description I/O Input = control bit, Output = status bit MACRO The device macro, where the bit is related to: - VIF&SIF Vision IF and Sound IF - Mono/stereo FM/AM demodulation & audio processing - Sync&Geo Horizontal and Vertical synchronisation & geometry - Power Power and Protection - In/Out Input / output for audio & video - Colour Colour decoder & filters - YUV Video control - RGB RGB output and control - Micro TCG Teletext, Control and Graphics FU Function class - SU Start-Up, set before switching-on from stand-by - AL Alignment, aligned during production, values set before switching on - SC Setmaker Control, controlling normal operation - UC User Control, accessible for the customer like contrast, brightness, etc. - TK Tool Kit, can help to improve performance under difficult working conditions like RF phase modulation, wrong burst/chroma ratio, etc. GTV Function Function call within the GTV software Platform
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-23
In the Application Notes we are now using these naming conventions. E.G. a "TK"-bit is a bit that should typically be implemented in software as an optional bit. It can help the set maker to handle difficult problems in the field. E.g. by selecting a different compromise of time-constants for weak-signal areas. Note: Be careful with using TK-bits as they may have side-effects. Only use them in specific situations, disable them in all other situations.
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Functional blocks:
Mono EHT +3.3V +5V 1.8V 24.576MHz Int PWM I/O ADC
Tuning
UOC III "Hercules"
Mono
Sound IF AM, NBPLL-FM demodulator FM Lock Det. FmMute, AVL 2nd
Sync
1+2 Sync H+V Geometry V divider, zoom
Power
H-Osc. LV-start-up
Micro
Teletext,CC Control Graphics,OSD
H+V E/W
AGC VIF
Osc
VIF & SIF
IF-PLL, AGC Lockdet, AFC Video-Amp. -Ident -Vsw Mute Groupdelay Soundtrap QSS
Geometry YUV
Peak, Coring Saturation,Hue Scavem
Digital processing
Stereo
NICAM, A2, MPX, RDS Digital Audio Features
Colour
Combfilter chroma-trap, -BP, Y-delay
PAL,NTSC,SECAM
SVM
Tuner
RGB IBLACK IBEAM
Baseband-delay
Double window
Goto
Dictionary
QSS, IFOUT
Audio Switch, 2x Volume
In/Out
CVBS,Y/C, YUV/RGB, matrix
I2S
CVBS Y/C
DVD (YPBPR) or RGB+FBL
YUV loop
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SIF
RGB
CRTcalibration BeamCurrent White Limit, Softclipping Stretching Brightness Contrast
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC-III presentation 1-24
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Video- and sound-IF:
Mono Power Sync & Geometry Micro Stereo
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-1
VIF & SIF
Colour
YUV RGB
In/Out
File: Herc_2.ppt = Analogue part, v2.8, 30-09-2003 by E.Arnold
The diagrams in this presentation are intended to explain the functional behavior of a TV receiver with UOC-III "Hercules" concept. © Philips Electronics N.V. 2003
All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The presented information does not form part of any quotation or contract, is believed to be accurate and reliable and may be changed without notice. No liability will be accepted by the publisher for any consequence of its use. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights.
Authors: Philips Semiconductors, BL-MTS E.C.P. Arnold Innovation Center Eindhoven, the Netherlands Stereo part: Ulf Buhse, Peter Schöning, Matthias Meyer S&A, Hamburg, Germany
Philips Semiconductors
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IF:
· Multi-Standard alignment free PLL-IF, including SECAM L / L'
(Positive Modulation)
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-2
· Integrated IF-AGC time constant · Integrated sound band-passes & traps · Group delay compensation
(SW selectable)
(4.5 / 5.5 / 6.0 / 6.5 MHz)
(for "flat" multi-standard NTSC/PAL SAW filters)
· QSS versions with digital Second-Sound-IF SSIF
(AM demodulator for free)
· FM mono operation possible: Inter-Carrier or QSS
The IF frequency is calibrated, using the X-tal reference oscillator. A choice can be made for different IF frequencies. Positive and negative modulation are supported. Four different IF-AGC time constants can be chosen via I2C-bus, for optimal performance under various conditions. For positive modulation the AGC time constant is automatically adapted to a larger value. GTV Function: ptun_SetIFAGCSpeed The UOC-III family makes no difference anymore between QSS- and InterCarrier-IF, nearly all types are software-switchable between the two SAW-filter constructions.
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IF modes:
Inter-Carrier Sound Quasi-Split Sound
AGC
DVB-hybrid
AGC
Tuner
Tuner
AGC
TV SAW
TV SAW
FM Tuner
VIF+SIF
VIF
VIF
TV SAW TV SIF RADIO-IF SIF
VIF
DVB-Tuner
TV VIF
(SIF)
TV SIF
DVBIF
SIF S-AGC
Sw
SAW D-IF DVB add-on
(S-AGC)
AGCin
(SSIF)
BP
10.7 MHz
SSIF
Optional
BP
SSIF
(INTCO)
REFin
(INTCO)
FMRO
DVBO
FM-10.7 radio
(mono/stereo)
FM-Eco-radio
(low cost add-on, re-using TV tuner) Tuner-AGC coupled to S-AGC
TV-IF modes: The cheapest IF mode is "Inter-Carrier", using one SAW filter for both video and sound. Better separation of video and sound is achieved, using "QuasiSplit Sound". The sound SAW is now optimised and passes > 10dB more sound carrier. This results is better sound sensitivity and higher quality video. FM-Radio modes: Adding a special FM-radio tuner plus 10.7MHz band pass gives the best result (FM tuner = optimised for phase-noise & selectivity). A QSS configuration allows double-use of the TV tuner for low-cost FM-Eco-radio implementation. The selectivity of the sound-SAW filter should be switched (FM radio = narrower than TV-FM-sound). Various mixing frequencies can be used (e.g. RIF=37.5MHz mixed with 43.008 gives 5.5MHz FM-demodulator). Extra selectivity can be added externally, but is usually not needed. DVB mode: The IF spectrum (36MHz) is mixed-down to a "low-IF" frequency (4.5MHz) , that can be handled by an add-on DVB demodulator. If the fixed down-mix frequency does not match the DVB concept, the DVB part can deliver a reference carrier to the UOC-III.
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-3
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IF & sound path:
43 IFVO Tuner AGC 31 Automatic Gain Control IF-PLL, Xtal calibrated In-lockdetector & AFC Sound trap I/O switch 55 CVBS2 58,59 Y/C3 51,52 Y/C4 72,70 Y/C5 64 CVBSO Group Delay IF video 48 SVO IF-PLL loop filter
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-4
Tuner
41
SAW PC
24 25 28 VIF Video AM demodulator
Colour Comb decoder filter
Sound down mixer
Mono MonoOUT + DeEmphasis SSIF IN SSIF-AGC 39
Mono-FM
62,63 60,61
HP LS
33 46
NBPLL Narrow-Band-PLL FM demodulator
15K
Stereo
DAC1 ADC DAC2
SSIF AGC
SSD
I2SIN/OUT 102..106
The embedded Comb Filter function (some UOC-III type numbers) improves the video decoding performance significantly. A single, combined video + audio SAW filter is known as "Inter carrier". With the same UOC-III "Hercules" device, also a "QSS" construction can be made, using separate VIF (Video-IF) and SIF (Sound IF) SAW filters. Selection between QSS or IntC is done via software. Although all required traps & band-pass filters are integrated, we maintain flexibility to route the signals through external filters. This is useful for testing and/or for unforeseen field conditions (see next slide). Tuner External trap Group Delay Front-End out
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IED LIF MP SI
Sound Cross bar
49,50 56,57 34,35 36,37 53,54
AV4 AV3 AV1 AV2
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IF & sound:
VSW,TOP Gating Tuner AGC IF-PLL loop filter 41 31 MOD,AGC0/1 Video AGC I/V LPF detector AGC LOCK AFC IFA..D,FFI Lock IF-PLL Det. IFS AFN
FMR
43 IFVO SVO1/0 48 SVO/ CVBSI I/O switch 55 CVBS2 58,59 Y/C3 51,52 Y/C4 72,70 Y/C5 64 CVBSO
VSW
Sound trap
Group Delay GD Video Ident
CV2 FMA..D VSW mutes Front-End, but also connects SID tuner AGC to ground BPB
SAW PC
24 25 28 VIF SIF
Colour Comb decoder YCD
MOD
FMR
SAW SC SIF-AGC
29 30 42
QSS Sound AGC MOD
AM demod.
INA..D,CS1A..D,SD2..0 FM radio mode uses the video mixer-path, to keep SC2..0, the Tuner-AGC operational QSS HP2..0 Sound FMA..B, L,Ext MONO Cross BPB2 bar AM Mute AM/FM VOL
49,50 56,57 34,35 36,37 53,54 62,63 60,61 106 105 104 103 102
AV4 AV3 AV1 AV2 HP LS
Decoupling MonoOUT + DeEmphasis SSIF IN SSIF-AGC
38 39
Mono FMI,FMWS Narrow-Band-PLL mono-FM demodulator FMA..E QSS AM
15K Mute +6dB
33 46
E2D, FMI
SM0/1,AM AGN FML/W L,Ext MONO
CMB2..0
SSIF AGC
For European SCART TV sets the tuner-part must always remain active, but in Asia-Pacific the tuner can be shut-off ( bit VSW=1) when an external source is viewed. Please note that VSW also shorts the Tuner AGC output to ground. The DC-range (max. and min.) must be limited by external resistors, otherwise the Tuner AGC voltage may take very long to settle. GTV Function: pimg_SetVideoMute For flexibility you can take the Front-End signal outside the IC (IFVO, before or after the internal sound trap). An additional, external sound trap can be added in series with the signal path. Then it can be re-inserted via CVBSI or CVBS2. Doing so via CVBS2 keeps the option to have Front-End output at pin SVO. Further a 2-tuner system can be supported (e.g. one to "cable" plus another for "antenna"). The base-band-output of a secondary (PIP) tuner+IF can be crosslinked to the UOC-III : output via IFVO and input via CVBSI (or CVBS2). This avoids an antenna switch. Sound band-passes for FM mono demodulation are available at 4.5, 5.5, 6.0 and 6.5MHz. Other band-pass filters can be added outside the IC (4.72, 5.74). Frequency of internal trap/band pass is determined by FMA..FMD. GTV Function: psys_GetFMDemodulatorCentreFrequency, psnd_SetFMDemodulatorSelection FM radio IF (RIF) internally uses the part of the video mixer (FMR=1), so that the Tuner-AGC output remains operational during (Eco-) FM radio mode. GTV Function: ptun_SetTVFMMode
swapper
NBPLL
Stereo demodulator and Stereo DAC1 ADC DAC2 DSP audio processing Digital Digital demod+ Sound decoder Processor 5x I/O
I2SIN I2SOUT1 I2SOUT2 I2SCLK I2SWS
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Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-5
Mute Black-DC DVB/FMR
IFO2..0
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IF: AFC window:
FIF set by IFA/B/C Below Reference
Calibration tolerance 25kHz
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-6
Above Reference
RF too low, IF too high
Resolution 25kHz/step (AFC7..0)
RF too high, IF too low
· AFC only valid when IF-PLL in-lock, practical range = -2MHz .. +500kHz (including SAW filter characteristic) · Switch AFC detection off when not needed (improves sound cross talk)
The frequency of the IF-PLL is calibrated with a tolerance of 25kHz. This same tolerance is applicable to the AFC-readout. Because the AFC read-out is very precise, it is possible to correct tuning deviations with ONE, proportional step. E.g when the transmitter is drifted away by 375kHz, it will take SW only one action to correct the tuning. We advice to keep such proportional jumps smaller than 800kHz; larger deviations can better be corrected in more than one step. When AFC indication is not needed, you can switch-off the detection mechanism via AFN=1. For critical applications this can help to improve framesynchronous cross-talk to the sound. SW can e.g. randomize reading back the AFC information. GTV Function: ptun_StartSearch / ptun_CancelSearch ptun_IsSearchActive ptun_TransmitterFound ptun_GetIdents ptun_SetAFCSwitch (Note: this sets AFN to 0)
Philips Semiconductors
· Large AFC detection range (+/- 3.2MHz) allows fast & proportional tuning corrections (25kHz resolution)
RESTRICTED, contains NDA items
Fast FiIter IF-PLL (FFI):
Normal modulation: Normal PLL time constant Phase modulation: Fast PLL time constant
(follow carrier frequency variations)
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-7
(don't follow 180º jump)
For normal modulation, the standard loop filter is a good balance for most situations, with sufficient reserve. Phase modulation: When a high level of phase modulation (~FM modulation) of the AM carrier occurs, it helps to reduce the external filter time constant. This enables the IFPLL to follow the phase modulation faster. Over-modulation: When the modulation depth exceeds 100%, the phase of the AM carrier suddenly changes 180 degrees. The IF-PLL tries to follow this phase jump but this is NOT wanted. Performance can be improved by increasing the external filter time constant. This prevents the IF-PLL from over-reacting on these temporary phase inversions.
Philips Semiconductors
Over modulation: Slow PLL time constant
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FFI=1: auto-adapt to level
High carrier amplitude: Adapted PLL time constant Better for phase modulation (FM) Low carrier amplitude: Normal PLL time constant Better for over modulation
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-8
FFI=1 : PLL time constant automatically adapted to carrier level Better behaviour for phase modulation (FM) and over modulation
When both phase modulation and over-modulation occur, the requirements for the IF PLL loop filter are contradictory. Bit FFI adapts the time constant of the IF-PLL loop filter, depending on the IFamplitude of that moment: - Normal time constant for high modulation (= low carrier amplitude) - Fast time constant for low modulation (= high carrier amplitude) This can improve the reception performance under difficult conditions (both FM- and over-modulation of the picture carrier). When FFI is set to 1, the PLL time constant for low carrier levels is kept normal, while for higher carrier levels the PLL speed is increased. In this way, a better compromise between phase modulation and over- modulation is possible. GTV Function: ptun_SetFastFilterIFPLL Remarks: - FFI=1 has no influence on e.g. search-tuning speed - Use FFI only for negative modulation (MOD=0) - Use toolkit bit FFI=1 only if you really have to, we advice to implement it as a service-mode option
Philips Semiconductors
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IF related bits (1):
BITS FUNCTION LOCK IF PLL LOCK indication AFC7..0 AFC outputs SETTING 1: IF PLL in lock C4HEX < 1.5MHz 00HEX = centre value 3CHEX > +1.5MHz 1: not active 0: normal, 1: fast 1: low sensitivity 1: less sensitive SL-bit I / O MACRO O IF O IF FU REM SC SC 2-complement notation, resolution = 25kHz/step SC Non-IF mode TK SC SC During AutoStore
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-9
AFN FFI IFS STM
AFC Not active Fast Filter IF-PLL IF Sensitivity Search Tuning Mode
I I I I
IF IF IF Sync
1 x x x FM-Radio modes 0 x x x 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1
x 1 0 0
0 x 1 1
External reference Flexible DVB down-mix 10.7 MHz 43.008 MHz 49.152 MHz FM-Radio mode (independent of VIF) Eco-FM-Radio mode
During eco-FM-radio mode the IF-PLL has no picture-carrier to lock-onto, instead it will be set to a fixed frequency (derived from Xtal). · fXTAL/4 * 7 = 24.576/4 * 7 = 43.008 MHz , or · fXTAL/4 * 8 = 24.576/4 * 8 = 49.152 MHz With a customized RIF-SAW it is also possible to use 10.7 MHz inter-carrier: · 43.008 10.7 = 32.308 MHz as RIF-SAW center-frequency, or · 49.152 10.7 = 38.452 MHz ( check IF-frequency range of your tuner) Many other down mix possibilities are e.g. 43.008 - 37.508 = 5.5MHz. For 10.7MHz selectivity you can use a band-pass filter like e.g.: Murata "SFE 10.7 MS3 A 20 G". - MS3=bandwidth 180kHz (needed with fully occupied FM-band), MS2=230kHz - A=accuracy center frequency is exactly 10.7 - 20=tolerance of +/-20kHz, 10=10kHz, 30=30kHz - G=flat group delay time, best for low distortion & large FM swing GTV Function: LOCK: ptun_GetIfPllLock AFC,AFN: ptun_SetAFCSwitch (Note: sets AFN to 0) FFI: ptun_SetFastFilterIFPLL IFS: ptun_SetIFSensitivity STM: ptun_SetFEIdentSensitivity
Philips Semiconductors
IFD IFA IFB IFC FMD FMR IF freq. selection 0 0 0 0 x 0 58.75 MHz 0 0 0 1 x 0 45.75 MHz 0 0 1 0 x 0 38.9 MHz 0 0 1 1 x 0 38.0 MHz 0 1 0 0 x 0 33.4 MHz 0 1 1 0 x 0 33.9 MHz
AREA Japan USA Europe China Secam L1 with 5.5 MHz shift Secam L1 with 5 MHz shift
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IF related bits (2):
BITS IFLF SID VA1..0 SETTING I / O MACRO 1: do not calibrate I IF 1: video identified O IF 00: no correction I IF 10: 5% 11: +5% Video output Amplitude system I 1: +12% I IF Video Ident Mode, input selection for 0: CVBS1INT input, I IF SID-circuit 1: output source switch Video mute SWitch 1: mute I IF MODulation standard 1: positive I IF Group Delay correction 1: on I IF AGC time constant, 00: 0.7x, 01: normal I IF 10: 3x , 11: 6x normal sets the IF-AGC speed AGC readout 1: tuner AGC active O IF Demodulated Audio to RDS decoder 0: not active I IF FUNCTION IF Lock Forced Video Signal IDent Video output signal Amplitude FU REM SC For high modulation SC SC Level-out amplitude differences due to filtering or standard SC SC SC SC SC SC
Tuner AGC also off French SECAM-L/L1
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-10
VAI VIM VSW MOD GD AGC1..0 AGC RDS
For IF signal 20x slower when MOD=1 SC AGC below TOP SC
BITS TOP OIF
FUNCTION AGC Take-Over-Point Offset IF-PLL
STEPS 63 63
RANGE 0.4..80 mV Small DC-offset
MACRO IF IF
FU AL AL
REM 20 H = neutral
· IF-PLL offset does NOT change calibrated centre-value
(a slight offset can improve e.g. S/N ratio for QSS-sound or SECAM weak-signal performance)
IFLF=1 prevent the IF oscillator from being re-calibrated. This is useful only in European TV sets, where the Scart plug definition requires continuous tunerCVBS output. Normally IF calibration is vertically synchronised. But when external video is selected, the vertical is no longer synchronous to the tunerCVBS. If e.g. by over modulation the IF-PLL accidentally gets out of lock (LOCK=0), there is no need for a re-calibration, that might be visible in the tuner CVBS output signal. Keep IFLF=0 during channel-change & at start-up; the rest of the time it can be set to IFLF=1. GTV Function IFLF: sys_SetCalibrationIFPLLDemodulator With OIF the IF-PLL can be given a small offset, for improved PLL behavior under noisy signal conditions. This depends on tuner + SAW filter, so OIF can best be a factory alignment (or set to 20HEX for no offset). Bit SID is an independent line-frequency detector, indicating valid CVBS signal. SID can be connected to CVBS1-internal (tuner signal), to improve catch / hold performance of the Front-End (see bits: SD2..0, VID, VDXEN, VDX). GTV Function SID: ptun_GetIdents, ptun_GetVideoIdent, psys_GetVideoInputSignalIdent TV & VCR-combi: It is possible to keep the IF-part functional, while the H&V deflection is put into standby (STB=0). Simply maintain the +5V and set IFLF=1. In this situation the indication IFL (IF in-Lock) is less reliable, so please use SID instead (coupled to CVBS1-front-end).
Philips Semiconductors
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IF related bits (3):
BITS AM AMLOW MONO FMI SSIF QSS VDXEN, VDX FUNCTION AM or QSS/FM selection AM LOWer amplitude MONO FM demodulator on/off QSS amplifier connects FM demod. Internal (mono or stereo) External Second Sound IF input Output connection of QSS amplifier SETTING I / O MACRO 0: QSS/FM, 1: AM I Sound 1: reduce with 6dB I Sound 1: NB-PLL active I Sound 0: to QSS-output I Sound 1: to demod. 1: from external input I Sound 0: not active I Sound 1: to QSSO / FM demod Coupling of gating functions between 0x: coupled if INA..D=0001 I IF 10: coupled VIF and synchronisation circuit 11: not coupled FU SC SC SC SC REM AM-mono Save power For test or external demod. SC See I/O switching SC Sound via VIF sound via SIF SC Improves performance
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-11
IFO2..0 Pin 43 function 000 001 010 011 100 110 111 Mute IFOUT
Pin 44 function Mute Mute
Remark High Ohmic output Without Sound Trap or Group Delay
IFOUT after SndTrap Mute Including GD for flat SAW filter FMROUT / DVBOUT,P FMROUT / DVBOUT,N FM radio-IF Balanced DVB output when bit FMROUT / DVBOUT,SE Mute Single ended DVB FMR=1 Mute FMR / DVB
OUT OUT,SE
Black DC
Black DC
Black-level-DC = mute without DC jump
??ES7.2D: IF-AGC set at 6x (max) can be too fast (see below)
Bit AM=1 also selects between AM and FM mono Front-End-sound (AM is used only in France). ??Temporary for ES7.2D: When IF-AGC is set at 6x speed, it can get stuck when sync fails. SW can solve this by checking for IVWF & reduce IF-AGC speed to 4x when IVWF=0.
GTV Function: AM: psnd_SetQssAm, psys_SetQssAmOutSelect AMLOW: psnd_SetAMDemodulatorGain MONO: psys_SetActivateFMmonoDemodulator FMI: psnd_SetQSSAmplifierOutputSelection, psys_SetConnectionOutputQSSAmplifier SSIF: psys_SetCombFilterControl QSS: psnd_SetQSSAmplifierMode, psys_SetQSSAmpMode VDXEN: psys_SetEnableVDX VDX: psys_GetModeIFSyncInterface
Philips Semiconductors
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DVB related bits:
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-12
BITS AGCM EPVI
FUNCTION DVB AGC M ode Enable Preset Value IF-PLL
SETTING 0: internal mode 1: external mode 1: value can be loaded
I/O I I
MACRO IF IF
FU REM SC Ext = AGC from DVB add-on SC DVB down-mix
BITS PVI1 PVI2
FUNCTION Preset Value IF-PLL-1 Preset Value IF-PLL-2
STEPS 255 255
RANGE
MACRO FU REM IF SC Load while EPVI=1 and External reference IFE= 1
Proper AGC control requires feedback from a digital DVB demodulator. With AGCM=1, the SIFAGC pin 42 becomes an input for an analogue AGC control voltage (generated by DVB add-on). The Down-Mix function of UOC-III does not have a complete synthesizer. If a certain DVB add-on requires a different mixing frequency, the add-on can supply a reference into pin 33. The frequency of that reference should be programmed in PVI2/1 and latched after a strobe on bit EPVI. GTV Function: AGCM: ptun_SetAGCMode EPVI: psys_SetIFPLLOscillatorPresetValue IFE: PVI1: psys_SetIFPresetValue1 PVI2: psys_SetIFPresetValue2
Philips Semiconductors
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Mono sound:
Mono Power Sync & Geometry Micro Stereo
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-13
VIF & SIF
Colour
YUV RGB
In/Out
This "Mono" sound section refers to the mono sound decoder in the analogue part of UOCIII. The sound demodulator in the digital part (mono & stereo) is described in section "Stereo".
Philips Semiconductors
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Mono sound & demodulator:
· FM mono Inter-carrier or QSS operation · AM mono demodulator in QSS operation · Integrated sound band pass
(4.5 / 5.5 / 6.0 / 6.5 MHz)
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-14
· Alignment free (Narrow-Band) PLL FM demodulator, switchable: (4.5 / 4.72 / 5.5 / 5.74 / 6.0 / 6.5 MHz) · Second-Sound-IF-input (SSIF) and INTer-Carrier-Output (INTCO) for additional selectivity
(4.72 / 5.74MHz & FM-radio modes)
The IF frequency is stabilised using the X-tal reference oscillator. Sound band pass filters are integrated, although for extremely critical signal circumstances it is still possible to add one externally.
Philips Semiconductors
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Synchronous AM demodulation:
External BPF (SAW) SIF AGC fi = 360o Multiplier 0o Clipper LPF
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-15
The Multiplier in an AM sound demodulator folds the IF frequency spectrum back to zero Hz. Together with a Low-Pass-Filter this has the same effect as a bandpass filter in the IF stage. The incoming AM signal is rectified. After integration (LPF) the result is the amplitude variation (LF) of the IF spectrum.
Philips Semiconductors
VOUT
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Narrow-Band PLL FM demodulator:
Internal BPF AGC SSIF Set fOSC OSC Loop Filter 90o fi = 360o Multiplier
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-16
Narrow-Band PLL frequency range = fOSC +/- 150 kHzTYPICAL No filters needed No external filters needed
(internally added for enhanced FM performance)
VOUT = -1/2 at 45o VOUT = +1/2 at 135o
The narrow PLL loop filter is especially optimized for selectivity. Therefore the external bandpass filter can be omitted. The PLL frequency is selected via I2Cbus (gives improved sensitivity), making the NB-PLL solution multi-standard. To optimize the sound performance with extreme, non-standard signals it is still possible to add an external filter. Sound distortion, due to video contents: Before SAW, video modulation is purely AM. Due to Nyquist-slope, upper IF frequencies are attenuated. Result is AM-to-PM conversion. The IF-PLL will lock to this (PM-modulated) Picture Carrier and thus the PM can couple to audio: via the audio down-mixing (multiply FM with PM-distorted carrier). With black or full-white (or gray) video, the PM has a rhythm of mainly 16kHz. But when e.g a cross-hatch is applied, the video frequencies introduce extra side-bands around the PM distortion. This again pollutes audio demodulation. Audio THD should be measured with equipment that filters out only the applied audio modulation plus its harmonics. Otherwise you include noise into the THD measurement.
Philips Semiconductors
VOUT = 0 at 90o
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Audio frequency response NB-PLL:
38 Decoupling Mono output + DeEmphasis 39 SM0/1
2.5V 15K
AGN NBPLL
AGN=0 : 125mV AGN=1 : 250mV (nominal 27 kHz swing, 54% modulation) DSG=0 : SCARTOUT = 1VRMS (8V required) DSG=1 : SCARTOUT = 2VRMS
Volume + 12 dB 1400 1000 0 dB 500
MAX. sound volume (DSG=1)
De emphasis level De emphasis level
oct dB/ +6
C=33p for BTSC stereo C=3n9
-6 dB/ oct
10k
T=54µs
10
100
1k
100k
f
[Hz]
0.3 - 64 dB
MIN. sound volume (mute)
The high frequency roll-off is determined by the de-emphasis capacitor on pin DeEmph. The low frequency cut-off is determined by the value of the external decoupling capacitor on pin DecsDem. The capacitor value should remain < 22µF, to allow fast enough DC-settling, after the +5V is applied.
Philips Semiconductors
Sound output [mV]
f1
100
f2
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-17
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FM-Window & Band pass:
Band Pass FMSound Carrier Bit BPB
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-18
Narrow Window Bits FMWS1..0 Wider Window
· Digital acquisition helper brings FM-PLL back in range, when it loses lock to the FM carrier
(set auto-mute: SM1,0=0,1 to limit noise from acquisition helper)
SM1,0 = 1,0 permanently mutes the FM demodulator output. Software can select between SM1,0=1,0 and SM1,0=0,1 to mute or de-mute the Front-End FM-mono sound (NB-PLL). GTV Function: mono/av-stereo: psnd_SetMute()
Philips Semiconductors
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Mono Sound related bits (1):
BITS FMA/B/C FMD FMR FUNCTION FM sound carrier selection 10.7 MHz radio (overrules FMA..C) TV mode or FM Radio mode SETTING 1: 10.7 MHz carrier 1: FM radio mode I/O I I I MACRO Sound Sound Sound FU SC SC SC REM Mono Video blanked
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-19
FMA FMB FMC FMD FMR FM - DEMOD. BP 0 0 0 0 1 1 x 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 x 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 x 1 1 x x x x x x 1 x x 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 1 1 4.5 MHz 4.724 MHz 5.5 MHz 5.74 MHz 6.0 MHz 6.5 MHz 10.7 MHz 7.902 MHz 9.608 MHz
SOUND TRAP REM NTSC-M, PAL-M/N 2nd language Korea PAL-BGIDK, SECAM-BG 2nd language A2 PAL-I PAL-DK, SECAM-DK Also usable for Eco-FM radio modes
Intern 4.5 MHz Extern 4.5 MHz Intern 5.5 MHz Extern 5.5 MHz Intern 6.0 MHz Intern 6.5 MHz
Extern Video blanked Eco FM radio Euro
· Eco FM radio uses narrow-RIF-SAW + fixed SIF-mixing frequency: - Euro : (Sound = 38.9 -5.5 =) 33.4MHz, mixed with 43.008MHz = 9.608MHz - USA : (Sound = 45.75 -4.5 =) 41.25MHz, mixed with 49.152MHz = 7.902MHz
Alternatives : 43.008 -37.508 = 5.5MHz or 49.152 -44.652 = 4.5MHz
The available functionality depends on the IC type number. In general, un-used bits have no effect, but they should be written "0" for compatibility with future versions. During eco-FM-radio mode the IF-PLL has no picture-carrier to lock-onto, instead it will be set to a fixed frequency (derived from Xtal). · fXTAL/4 * 7 = 24.576/4 * 7 = 43.008 MHz , or · fXTAL/4 * 8 = 24.576/4 * 8 = 49.152 MHz By using (narrow) SIF-SAW filters (for TV sound), the Narrow-Band PLL can directly demodulate mono FM-radio. GTV Function: FMR: ptun_SetTVFMMode FMA..FMD: psys_GetFMDemodulatorCentreFrequency
Philips Semiconductors
Extern x FM radio mode Extern Video blanked Eco FM radio USA
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Mono Sound related bits (2):
BITS AVL AVLE AVLM FML FMW FMWS1..0 FUNCTION Automatic Volume Levelling mono AVL capacitor or East-West output AVL gain Maximal Narrow-Band FM PLL Lock FM PLL in Window (see FMWS) FM PLL Window Select SETTING I / O MACRO 1: on I Sound I Sound 0: EW, 1: AVL available 1: maximal I Sound 1: PLL in lock O Sound 0: PLL in window O Sound 00: 100kHz narrow I Sound 01: 225kHz normal 10: 450kHz wide 11: 900kHz 1: filters bypassed I Sound 0: high-Q filter I Sound 1: 2nd filter bypassed 1: active I Sound 0: not active I Sound 1: active 1: +6dB gain I Sound 00: no mute I Sound 01: Auto-mute FM audio 10: mute FM/AM audio FU UC SC SC SC SC SC REM Shared pin Fast settling Digital acq. For FM radio, for selectivity, for high mod. for overmodulation
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-20
BPB BPB2 MONO CMCA AGN SM1..0
By-Pass sound Band pass filters By-Pass Band filter 2 MONO FM demodulator on/off Complete Mono Channel Active, mono out on HP outputs Adapted Gain for Ntsc mono sound Sound Mute
BITS VOLL VOLR
FUNCTION VOLume control Left VOLume control Right
STEPS 127 127
RANGE -70..0 dB -70..0 dB
MACRO Sound Sound
FU UC UC
REM Device without DSP QFP128 only
For areas where over-modulation is expected, FMWS1,0 can enlarge the FMPLL window to 900kHz (effective after the acquisition is complete). The 100kHz narrow window is only intended for FM-radio. The 225kHz window can be used for areas where over modulation never occurs. Use 450kHz for all other circumstances. GTV Function: FMWS: psnd_SetFmWindowSelect We advice to use SM1,0=0,1 for automatic muting of the mono FM-PLL demodulator (fast attack and slow decay of 20..40ms). Position SM1,0=1,0 can be used to mute the sound during channel switching. Position SM1,0=1,1 will not mute at all and is reserved for test purposes. Normally transmissions with standard "M" (=4.5MHz) sound have an FM swing of 25kHz, only half of the 50kHz of other FM sound standards. To obtain equal sound output level, the signal can be amplified by +6dB via AGN=1. During channel-change you can set AVLM=1 to get faster settling of the monoAVL-circuit to the new selected audio signal. GTV Function: AVL: psnd_SetAVL AVLE: psnd_SetAVLEnabledOnEastWestOutputPin AVLM: psnd_SetAVLGain
Philips Semiconductors
TK TK More range for overmodulation SC Off during stereo SC 1=No mono AVL, 0=AVL on HP-L SC SC "Auto" limits noise from digital acquisition-helper
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Audio Carrier Search:
FM-PLL carrier search BPB=1, sound band pass off M-SAW selected ? FMA,B,C= 5.5/6.0/6.5MHz FMD=1, wait 3ms, FMD=0 Wait 10ms Read FML
yes yes
Mono: Narrow-band FM-PLL BP-off makes FML more sensitive Follow SAW filter switching of the video-colour-search
SAW filter
= 4.5MHz Narrow
Best order: 6.55.56.04.5 Need SW integration of FML bit
no
Max 10 times ? > 5x FML=1 ? BPB=0, band pass on Wait 20ms Read FMW 5 out of 10 or earlier BP-on makes FMW more reliable 5 out of 10 or earlier FMW=0 means FM-NBPLL in window
no
??
yes
Max 10 times ? > 5x FMW=0 ? Found: De-Mute
Toggling FMD necessary for ES7.2D, to "unstick" mono NB-PLL at: power on cycle, search tuning and changing system or channel
The Narrow-Band-PLL mono FM demodulator has a digital acquisition helper, with a frequency window around its calibrated center value (FMA/B/C). With the help of some software, an audio carrier search can be implemented. 1- Simply select an FM frequency. 2- Then wait and see if the PLL demodulator can lock (bit FML). 3- Finally check if the PLL-FM demodulator is in window (bit FMW). With BPB=1 the sound band passes are off. This makes FML more sensitive. With BPB=0 bit FMW is more reliable. A solution is to integrate FML and FMW by software over several read-outs. To avoid a false lock on other carriers (4.43 MHz colour, 5.85 MHz NICAM), the search order should be: 6.5 5.5 6.0 4.5 MHz. GTV Function: mono/av-stereo: psnd_DetectStandard After an FM carrier is found, the NB-PLL will try to stay locked. If the carrier goes outside the frequency window (FMWS1,0), the digital acquisition helper will quickly bring the NB-PLL back into the window. We advice to select FMWS1,0=1,0 (=450kHz) as best compromise between selectivity and over-modulation.
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-21
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Stereo sound:
Mono Power Sync & Geometry Micro Stereo
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-22
VIF & SIF
Colour
YUV RGB
In/Out
The digital demodulator can handle stereo and mono standards, independent of the analogue mono-NB-PLL demodulator.
Philips Semiconductors
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Stereo audio processing:
SAS2..0 InL,R5 Tuner SIF InL,R4 InL,R3 InL,R2 QSS FM AM SSIF SSIF AGC DSP ADC output switch input switch ADC Dem Dec Noise gen Vol/Bal:Aux1/2/3 L,R,C,Surr,Sw, AVL,BBE,VDS Dolby Pro Logic, Beep, Control .. LS
DAC1 DAC2
HP2..0 SC2..0 InL,R5 InL,R4 InL,R3 InL,R2 AM/FM Dual 8:1 Scart VOL/R, 8:1 HPVC HP
Dual 5:1
AM/FM
2ND
DCXO
External sound IF
I2S1 I2S2 I2S3
I2SOUT1 I2SOUT2 I2SIN/OUT3
Analogue domain :
· 1st SIF = QSS down-mixing · AM demodulation · FM mono demodulation
· 2nd SSIF with separate AGC · Switch for external SSIF input · Analogue cross-bar switches · Volume controlled HP output I2C write address of SSD = B0 H I2C read address of SSD = B1 H
Digital domain :
· Stereo sound demodulation · Output processing · Digital cross-bar switching · I2S In and outputs, FM stereo radio · DCXO Xtal oscillator trimming
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-23
SSIF
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Evolution of Audio/Video standards:
Multiplex standards Video luminance Sound carrier
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-24
Colour carrier(s)
frequency
Second sound carrier: FM or NICAM
· Modulation Schemes for Terrestrial TV Sound Carriers: - FM (Frequency Modulation) - AM (Amplitude Modulation) - NICAM (DQPSK) : most common : mono & only in France (L,L1) : Digital transmission
Philips Semiconductors
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BTSC multiplex spectrum:
50
FM deviation [kHz]
25 15 5
L+R
Pilot
L-R dbx compressed
SAP (FM) dbx compressed
Professional channel
f/fH
1
2
3
4
5
6
6.5
EIAJ multiplex spectrum:
25 15 5 (L+R)/2 1 (L-R)/2 or "B" FM 2 Pilot 3 4
f/fH
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-25
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Demodulator / Decoder:
AudExt Demodulators EPICS7A Sound DSP + embedded firmware ADC MPX SAP/EIAJ Deci. SSIF ADC Down mixer Deci. DCXO FM/AM Ch 1 FM/AM Ch 2 NICAM dec. FM ident DemDec HW Noise det. Dem Dec Easy Programming
Noise / silence L/A R/B Mono SAP Dolby External L,R Pro Logic or AM-mono VDS Audio Control Bass MgT Beeper (L+R)/2
Digital Input Crossbar
DemDec part of Sound DSP decimation deemphasis dBx noise red. dematrix channel select
Main Channel or Dual-A Decoded Stereo-Left Processing (or mono)
DAC1
SW Processing Decoded Stereo-Right or Dual-B (or mono) DAC2 Centre Channel Processing Surround Chan. carrier Mono from 1ST sound Processing AUX1/I2S1 Channel SAP from BTSC AUX2/I2S2 Channel AUX3/DAC1 Channel Audio Monitor I2S1 I2S2 I2S3
· · · ·
Auto L,R or dual A,B decoding, whatever standard detected or selected
(or identical to "MONO" if no multi-channel available, indicated by flags: GST,GDU=0,0 )
MONO from 1ST sound carrier (FM or AM) SAP (Second Audio Program) for BTSC, optional dbx decompression DCXO Xtal oscillator trimming = more accuracy (+ phase adaptation for NICAM)
The DEMDEC decoding runs on a 32kHz basis. The sound DSP executes 108 MIPS. I2S input is only possible at 32kHz, in master-mode. Supported formats: Philips, Sony and Japanese LSB justified format.
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-26
Digital Output Crossbar
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Supported Sound standards:
Standard M/N M M-Japan M-Korea B/G B/G I D/K System Mono BTSC + SAP EIAJ A2+ A2 Nicam Nicam A2 A2* A2 Nicam Nicam Stereo Carriers [MHz] SC1 SC2 4.5 4.5 5 x fH 4.5 4.5 4.724 5.5 5.742 5.5 5.85 6.0 6.552 6.5 6.258 6.742 5.742 6.5 5.85 6.5 5.85 4.5 ..10.7 SC1 = mono mono MPX MPX ½(L+R) ½(L+R) mono mono ½(L+R) FM-deviation [kHz] nom/max/over 15/25/50 - / - /50 pilot=15.7kHz FM - / - /15 15/25/50 pilot=55,1kHz ½(L-R) 15/25/50 R 27/50/80 Nicam 27/50/80 Nicam 27/50/80 R 27/50/80 SC2
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-27
D/K L/L1 FM radio
mono AM MPX
Nicam Nicam -
27/50/80 AM index: 54/100/- [%] 40/75/150 pilot=19kHz
· DBX
TM
noise reduction included, according BTSC system specification
Philips Semiconductors
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DDEP features:
· DDEP = intelligent user interface to DEMDEC = minimum SW interaction · Auto signal detection, identification, de-matrixing, muting, routing, selection of de-emphasis, type & level adjust · ASD = auto-standard detection, or SSS = static standard selection · EXPERT mode = without automatism · Optional over-modulation adaptation to overcome problems with largely over-modulated FM carrier (China, India...)
DemDec EXPERT mode Static Standard Selection Auto Standard Detection
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-28
OVerModulation ADaPTation
Philips Semiconductors
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SSD control bits (1):
BITS FUNCTION SETTING 00: ASD, auto detect 01: SSS, forced standards 11: Expert mode xxxx1: 5.5MHz xxx1x: 6.5 xx1xx: 6.5 (France AM) x1xxx: 6.0 (UK,HongKong) 1xxxx: 4.5 (Kor, US, Jap) 01: toggle 1: Soft Mute I / O MACRO FU REM I SSD SC EPMODE1..0 Easy Programming Mode STDSEL4..0 STanDard SELection, Each bit enables detection of the sound carrier of a certain standard, Set at least one RESTart standard recognition DemDecMUTE of decoder outputs OVerModulationADaPTion I SSD SC B/G-A2+NICAM D/K-A2+NICAM L/L1-NICAM I NICAM M-A2,BTSC,EIAJ SC E.g. after changing SAW+STDSEL SC Cosine, 32x2ms SC UC SC SC UC
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-29
REST DDMUTE OVMADPT SAPDBX FHPAL SNDMOD
I I I I I O I
SSD SSD SSD SSD SSD SSD SSD
1: Enable Second Audio Program DBX expansion 0: Use dbx for BTSC stereo 1: Use dbx for SAP FH acc. PAL used for BTSC pilot tone 1: PAL fH for BTSC pilot Standard & Stereo mode 0000: Normal 0001, 0010: Hall, Matrix 0011: DPL (normal centre) 0100: DPL 3-stereo 0101: DPL phantom centre 0110, 0111: VDS 422, 423 1000: SRS TruSurround 1001: Noise sequencing Sound MODe
STDRES4..0 STandarD REcognition Status
GTV Platform: stereo: psnd_SetStandard, psnd_DetectStandard for EPMODE, STDSEL, REST, STDREST stereo: psnd_SetMute for DDMUTE stereo: psnd_SetEffect for SNDMOD stereo: psnd_SetSAPDecompression for SAPDBX Rest of bits is not implemented
Philips Semiconductors
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SSD control bits (2):
BITS MAINSS FUNCTION SETTING I / O MACRO FU REM I SSD UC -If no stereo then mono -Mono first carrier -BTSC second audio -Ext or AM-mono -Master-mode only -For Dolby balance UC -Stereo -Mono from stereo -Dual language A -Dual language B -LR swapped -Auto-Matrix on -Auto-Matrix on UC MAIN Signal Source for LS 000: L/R or A/B (or mono) 001: MONO 010: SAP CENTERSS Idem for Centre channel SURROUNDSS Idem for Surround channel 011: Ext via ADC AUX1SS 100: I2S Idem for Aux1 channels AUX2SS 101: Noise Generator Idem Aux2 channels AUX3SS 110: Digital Silence Idem Aux3 channels MAINDM MAIN Digital Matrix 000: AB 001: [A+B]/2 forced mono AUX1DM 010: AA AUX2DM 011: BB AUX3DM 100: BA 110: Auto AA, if Dual received 111: Auto BB, if Dual received ASAFO1 Audio Select for DAC2L 0000, 0001: Main L, R 0010: Subwoofer ASAFO2 0011: Center Idem for output DAC2R ASDAC1L 0100: Surround Idem DAC1 left output ASDAC1R 0101, 0110: Aux1 L, R Idem right output ASI2S1L 0111, 1000: Aux2 L, R Idem I2S output 1 left ASI2S1R 1001, 1010: Aux3 L, R Idem right ASI2S2L 1011: Main Sum Idem I2S output 2 left ASI2S2R 1100: Digital Silence Idem right
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-30
I
SSD
I
SSD
Connect any signal to any output
GTV Function: psnd_Connect
Philips Semiconductors
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Auto Standard Detection:
1.
Example: D/K search procedure
Channel1: FM, 6.5MHz mono output Measure carrier amplitude, using ch. 2 AM demodulation Find largest? 6.258 6.742
Phase 1: measure carrier amplitudes: (at least one) 4.5, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5MHz Determine maximum amplitude If maximum < threshold: FAILED Decide mono standard: B/G, D/K, M, I, L Phase 2: initiate search for multichannel standard(s) Signal result in status bits STDRES4..0
5.85 5.742
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Channel 2: 6.258MHz FM, Europe IDENT on timeout Ident found? yes Set standard "D/K A2 (1)"
Channel 2: 6.742MHz FM, Europe IDENT on timeout Ident found? yes Set standard "D/K A2 (2)"
Channel 2: 5.85MHz FM, Europe IDENT on timeout NICAM found? yes Set standard "D/K NICAM"
Channel 2: 5.742MHz FM, Europe IDENT on timeout Ident found? yes Set standard "D/K A2 (3)"
This audio detection algorithm is executed by firmware in the audio DSP. It can be configured by embedded (GTV) software to suit a certain application. GTV Function: stereo: psnd_DetectStandard
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-31
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Channel switch with ASD:
ASD carrier search DDMUTE=1, wait 32ms M-SAW selected ? STDSEL= 5.5/6.0/6.5MHz REST=0 1 0 DDMUTE=1 Read STDRES4..0
yes yes
Stereo: using DDEP with ASD Soft mute of DemDec outputs Follow SAW filter switching of the video-colour-search
SAW filter
= 4.5MHz Narrow
Toggle to restart ASD process Keep sound muted Get result De-mute DemDec outputs Possibly adapt AVL, volume-trim etc.
Still searching ? DDMUTE=0, wait 32ms Adjust Back-End Found
· Automatic selection of Mono/Stereo or AA/BB for Dual (set user preference)
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-32
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Stereo Audio Back-End:
Ext Spatial Stereo or Ext. Pseudo Stereo or 3D sound Ext L/A Ext R/B DPL C L/A R/B DemDec Mono SAP S Main
BBE
DVB or DBB
L,R DPL VDS422/423 or TruSurround Pseudo Hall Matrix
Master Volume +Trim
Main Msel
S Bass C Bass Main Bass Tre Tre, Loud Tre Loud
Main Equal
L,R M/ST AVL
Beeper Main SM SW SM
+
(L+R)/2
DAC2
DAC1
(L+R)/2
S-DPL
CIN SIN
C Msel S Msel
C SM S SM
S Delay Volume +Trim
AUX1/I2S1 Channel AUX2/I2S2 Channel AUX3/DAC1 Channel Noise / Silence Audio Monitor
AUX1 SM AUX2 SM AUX3 SM
I2S1 I2S2 I2S3
The Noise generator: - fulfills the DPL licensee requirements - produces weighted noise with >9dB/octave roll-off - has a center frequency between 500Hz and 1kHz - is selectable for all sources, in all combinations for L, R, Centre and Surround A Noise Sequencer (under user control) allows easier alignment of sound parameter balance between the speakers.
Philips Semiconductors
Level Adjust
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-33
Bass Management
C Equal
(L-R)/2
Digital Output Crossbar
Digital Input Crossbar
C
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Stereo AVL: Auto Volume Leveling
Left In Right In Level Detector (optional weighting) Attack / Decay Filter Left Out Right Out
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-34
1/X
UREF
· Weighted-mode reduces influence of bass components · Adjustable threshold UREF
(optional)
Philips Semiconductors
· Decay time constants: 20 ms, 2, 4, 8, 16 s
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Sound-Field features:
Source signal:
Mono
Extended Pseudo Stereo Extended Spatial Stereo
Stereo
Philips Semiconductors
DPL encoded
Dolby Pro Logic
Virtual Dolby Surround
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-35
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SRS 3D Sound:
· Retrieves the spatial information from any stereo signal · Produces a larger sweet spot · SRS approved · "Centre" and "Space" control
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-36
TM
SRS TruSurround :
· SRS TruSurround virtualizer (422/423), SRS approved
"422" = 4 channels to 2 speakers (virtual centre + surround speakers) "423" = 4 channels to 3 speakers (virtual surround speakers)
TM
Philips Semiconductors
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Dolby Pro Logic, Virtual Dolby Surround :
· DPL licensee requirements fulfilled · Stage includes Dolby 3 Stereo and Phantom (= no center speaker) mode · Noise sequencer & Bass ManagemenT
(BMT = bass redirection)
TM
TM
· VDS 422/423 according to Dolby specification, Dolby approved
Pseudo Hall / Matrix:
· Pseudo Matrix: Centre: (L+R)/2 Surround: (L-R)/2, up to 30 ms delayed Centre: (L+R)/2 Surround: (L+R)/2, up to 30 ms delayed
· Pseudo Hall:
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-37
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Dolby Pro Logic & Bass Management:
0 1 lp lp
SW'
[dB] BMT1 BMT2 BMoff -10 -100 -100 a1 -10 -100 -100 a2 -10 -4.5 -100 a3 -10 -4.5 -100 a4 a4DPL -100 -100 -100 Sw 0 1 1 Flat Flat b1 HP b2 HP Flat Flat HP Flat b3 HP HP Flat b4 HP
+ Adaptive Matrix Auto Balance L* + C* R* + Surround Processing S* -3dB + + DPL Ph 3ST DPL Ph 3ST DPL Ph 3ST DPL Ph 3ST Mode
a1
-10dB b1
L
a3
+ +
L'
Left
C
a2
b3
C'
Right
R
a4
b2
+
R'
S
b4
S'
· ·
· Virtualize speaker(s) for "Centre" or "Surround"
The internal Low-Pass-filter for the SubWoofer can be switched flat, to allow the use of external SubWoofer filtering. If DPL is active, then a4DPL is used.
Philips Semiconductors
DPL L C R S
Phantom L+C-3dB R+C-3dB S
3-Stereo L+S-6dB C R+S-6dB -
·
BMT1 = single woofer system with improved filtering: small speakers for L, R, C, S plus extra SubWoofer BMT2 = normal center mode with bass splitter (DPL): large speakers for L, R; small for C, S (SW is optional) BMoff = wide center mode (DPL): large speakers for L, R, C; small speaker for S
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-38
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Extended Spatial Stereo (ESS):
Left Out Left In Right In
Stereo expander
Mixer
Right Out
· The Stereo Expander makes a more wide sound field ("Incredible-Stereo") · The Mixer controls the intensity of the widening effect
(alpha)
Extended Pseudo Stereo (EPS):
Left Out Mono
De-correlator
Stereo expander
Right Out
· The De-correlator produces a pseudo stereo signal from a mono signal · Control of effect intensity
("Incredible-Mono")
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-39
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5-band graphic Equaliser,
100
dB +12 +10 +8 +6 +4 +2 +0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 -12 -14 20 50 100 200 500 1k 2k 5k 10k Hz
Loudness:
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-40
300
1k
3k
8k
· 5 bands equalisers in L/R-Main and Centre channels · -12dB to +12dB in 1dB steps
@16kHz; range 30dB · Adjustable non-attack-level & non-attack -frequency
Philips Semiconductors
· Max. boost 18dB @20Hz, 4.5dB
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Dynamic Ultra Bass - II Left In Generate higher harmonics Right In Auto Gain
Dynamic Virtual Bass (DVB):
Headroom
Left Out
Right Out
Advice: Do not combine DVB, DBB, BBE together
· Impression of deep bass, by shifting the bass info to higher frequencies · Used in small TV-Sets without subwoofer or full range speakers
Dynamic Bass Enhancement
Dynamic Bass Boost (DBB):
Left In Right In
+12dB 0dB
Level Sensor
60Hz
Left Out Right Out
Boost Control
· Level-dependant Bass-Boost, needs subwoofer or large main speakers
Philips Semiconductors
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-41
Level Sensor
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BBE :
Delay Compensation
Audio Delay loudspeaker Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-42
TM
BBE
frequency
Amplitude Compensation
Amplitude
BBE
frequency
loudspeaker
· Dynamic delay compensation + program driven bass/treble augmentation · Improves reproduction of transients · Restores brilliance and clarity of original live sound
Philips Semiconductors
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Eco Sub Woofer:
Left In LowL+M+L LowL+LowR=SW Sub Woofer control Right In LowR+M+R M+R M+L Left Out ½SW+M+L (½SW)+M+L SW+2M+(L+R) Right Out ½SW+ +M+R -½SW-M-R (-½SW)+M+R
Mainstream Tv Solutions - 10-2003 UOC- III "Hercules" presentation 2-43
· Usual construction: one amplifier is inverting heavy load for SW speaker
Left In LowL+M+L LowL+LowR=SW Sub Woofer control Right In LowR+M+R M+R M+L Left Out ½SW+M+L (½SW)+M+L SW+(L-R) Right Out -½SW+M+R (-½SW)+M+R
· New: "Eco Sub Woofer" = better power efficiency for SW-speaker
(selectable via software)
M L R LowL LowR SW
= Mono contents = most of the audio energy = Unique components in LEFT channel = Unique components in RIGHT channel = Low frequency contents of LEFT channel = Low frequency contents of RIGHT channel = Assembled from LowL and LowR
Usually one of the loudspeaker amplifiers is inverting. The low Sub Woofer spectrum can not be reproduced by the (small) L & R speakers, so no filtering is needed for L & R. But i