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CDMTM and PRO SERIESTM
Mobile Radios
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PRO7100
control Detailed Service Manual
Professional Radio
As Dedicated As You Are
Computer Software Copyrights
The Motorola products described in this manual may include copyrighted Motorola computer programs stored in semiconductor memories or other media. Laws in the United States and other countries preserve for Motorola certain exclusive rights for copyrighted computer programs, including the exclusive right to copy or reproduce in any form, the copyrighted computer program. Accordingly, any copyrighted Motorola computer programs contained in the Motorola products described in this manual may not be copied or reproduced in any manner without the express written permission of Motorola. Furthermore, the purchase of Motorola products shall not be deemed to grant, either directly or by implication, estoppel or otherwise, any license under the copyrights, patents or patent applications of Motorola, except for the normal non-exclusive royalty-free license to use that arises by operation of law in the sale of a product.
Safety-1
SAFETY INFORMATION
Important information on safe and efficient operation is included in this manual. Read this information before using your radio.
SAFE AND EFFICIENT OPERATION OF MOTOROLA TWO-WAY RADIOS
This document provides information and instructions for the safe and efficient operation of Motorola Portable and Mobile Two-Way Radios. The information provided in this document supercedes the general safety information contained in user guides published prior to 1st. January 1998. For information regarding radio use in hazardous areas, please refer to the Factory Mutual (FM) approval manual supplement or Instruction Card which is included with radio models that offer this capability.
EXPOSURE TO RADIO FREQUENCY ENERGY
Your Motorola Two-Way Radio, which generates and radiates radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic energy (EME) is designed to comply with the following National and International Standards and Guidelines regarding exposure of human beings to radio frequency electromagnetic energy:
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Federal Communications Commission Report and Order No. FCC 96-326 (August 1996) American National Standards Institute (C95.1 - 1992) National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP-1986) International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNRP- 1986) European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation (CENELEC): ENV 50166-1 1995 E ENV 50166-2 1995 E Proceedings of SC211/B 1996 Human exposure to electromagnetic fields Low frequency (0 Hz to 10 kHz) Human exposure to electromagnetic fields High frequency (10 kHz to 300 GHz) "Safety Considerations for Human Exposure to EMFs from Mobile Telecommunication Equipment (MTE) in the Frequency Range 30MHz - 6 GHz." (EMF - Electro-Magnetic Fields)
To assure optimal radio performance and to ensure that your exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic energy is within the guidelines in the above standards, always adhere to the following procedures:
PORTABLE RADIO OPERATION AND EME EXPOSURE
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When transmitting with a portable radio, hold radio in a vertical position with the microphone 2.5 to 5 centimeters (one or two inches) away from the mouth. Keep antenna at least 2.5 centimeters (one inch) from your head or body when transmitting. If you wear a portable Two-Way radio on your body, ensure that the antenna is at least 2.5 centimeters (one inch) from the body when transmitting.
MAN WITH RADIO
ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE/COMPATIBILITY
NOTE Nearly every electronic device is susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI) if inade-
quately shielded, designed or otherwise configured for electromagnetic compatibility
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To avoid electromagnetic interference and/or compatibility conflicts, turn off your radio in any facility where posted notices instruct you to do so. Hospital or health facilities may be using equipment that is sensitive to external RF energy. When instructed to do so, turn off your radio when on board an aircraft. Any use of a radio must be in accordance with airline regulations or crew instructions.
Safety-2
OPERATIONAL WARNINGS Vehicles with an air bag
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WARNING
Do not place a portable radio in the area over an air bag or in the air bag deployment area. Air bags inflate with great force. If a portable radio is placed in the air bag deployment area and the air bag inflates, the radio may be propelled with great force and cause serious injury to occupants of vehicle.
Potentially explosive atmospheres
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Turn off your Two-Way radio when you are in any area with a potentially explosive atmosphere, unless it is a radio type especially qualified for use in such areas (e.g. FM or Cenelec approved). Sparks in a potentially explosive atmosphere can cause an explosion or fire resulting in bodily injury or even death.
Batteries
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Do not replace or recharge batteries in a potentially explosive atmosphere. Contact sparking may occur while installing or removing batteries and cause an explosion.
Blasting caps and areas
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To avoid possible interference with blasting operations, turn off your radio when you are near electrical blasting caps. In a "blasting area" or in areas posted "turn off two-way radio", obey all signs and instructions. NOTE The areas with potentially explosive atmospheres referred to above include fuelling areas
such as: below decks on boats; fuel or chemical transfer or storage facilities; areas where the air contains chemicals or particles, such as grain, dust or metal powders; and any other area where you would normally be advised to turn off your vehicle engine. Areas with potentially explosive atmospheres are often but not always posted.
OPERATIONAL CAUTIONS Damaged antennas
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Caution
Do not use any portable Two-Way radio that has a damaged antenna. If a damaged antenna comes into contact with your skin, a minor burn can result.
Batteries
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All batteries can cause property damage and/or bodily injury such as burns if a conductive material such as jewelery, keys or beaded chains touch exposed terminals. The conductive material may complete an electrical circuit (short circuit) and become quite hot. Exercise care in handling any charged battery, particularly when placing it inside a pocket, purse or other container with metal objects.
INTRINSICALLY SAFE RADIO INFORMATION
FMRC Approved Equipment
Anyone intending to use a radio in a location where hazardous concentrations of flammable material exist (hazardous atmosphere) is advised to become familiar with the subject of intrinsic safety and with the National Electric Code NFPA 70 (National Fire Protection Association) Article 500 (hazardous [classified] locations). An Approval Guide, issued by Factory Mutual Research Corporation (FMRC), lists manufacturers and the products approved by FMRC for use in such locations. FMRC has also issued a voluntary approval standard for repair service ("Class Number 3605"). FMRC Approval labels are attached to the radio to identify the unit as being FM Approved for specified hazardous atmospheres. This label specifies the hazardous Class/Division/Group along with the part number of the battery that must be used. Depending on the design of the portable unit,
Safety-3
this FM label can be found on the back of the radio housing or the bottom of the radio housing.Their Approval mark is shown below.
FM
APPROVED
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WARNING
WARNING: Do not operate radio communications equipment in a hazardous atmosphere unless it is a type especially qualified (e.g. FMRC Approved) for such use. An explosion or fire may result. WARNING: Do not operate the FMRC Approved Product in a hazardous atmosphere if it has been physically damaged (e.g. cracked housing). An explosion or fire may result. WARNING: Do not replace or charge batteries in a hazardous atmosphere. Contact sparking may occur while installing or removing batteries and cause an explosion or fire. WARNING: Do not replace or change accessories in a hazardous atmosphere. Contact sparking may occur while installing or removing accessories and cause an explosion or fire. WARNING: Do not operate the FMRC Approved Product unit in a hazardous location with the accessory contacts exposed. Keep the connector cover in place when accessories are not used. WARNING: Turn radio off before removing or installing a battery or accessory. WARNING: Do not disassemble the FMRC Approved Product unit in any way that exposes the internal electrical circuits of the unit. Radios must ship from the Motorola manufacturing facility with the hazardous atmosphere capability and FM Approval labeling. Radios will not be "upgraded" to this capability and labeled in the field. A modification changes the unit's hardware from its original design configuration. Modifications can only be done by the original product manufacturer at one of its FMRC audited manufacturing facilities.
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WARNING
WARNING: Failure to use an FMRC Approved Product unit with an FMRC Approved battery or FMRC Approved accessories specifically approved for that product may result in the dangerously unsafe condition of an unapproved radio combination being used in a hazardous location. Unauthorized or incorrect modification of an FMRC Approved Product unit will negate the Approval rating of the product.
Repair of FMRC Approved Products
REPAIRS FOR MOTOROLA FMRC APPROVED PRODUCTS ARE THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE USER. You should not repair or relabel any Motorola manufactured communication equipment bearing the FMRC Approval label ("FMRC Approved Product") unless you are familiar with the current FMRC Approval standard for repairs and service ("Class Number 3605). You may want to consider using a repair facility that operates under 3605 repair service approval. WARNING: Incorrect repair or relabeling of any FMRC Approved Product unit could adversely affect the Approval rating of the unit.
!
WARNING
WARNING: Use of a radio that is not intrinsically safe in a hazardous atmosphere could result in serious injury or death.
Safety-4
FMRC's Approval Standard Class Number 3605 is subject to change at any time without notice to you, so you may want to obtain a current copy of 3605 from FMRC. Per the December, 1994 publication of 3605, some key definitions and service requirements are as follows:
Repair
A repair constitutes something done internally to the unit that would bring it back to its original condition Approved by FMRC. A repair should be done in an FMRC Approved facility. Items not considered as repairs are those in which an action is performed on a unit which does not require the outer casing of the unit to be opened in a manner which exposes the internal electrical circuits of the unit. You do not have to be an FMRC Approved Repair Facility to perform these actions.
Relabeling
The repair facility shall have a method by which the replacement of FMRC Approval labels are controlled to ensure that any relabeling is limited to units that were originally shipped from the Manufacturer with an FM Approval label in place. FMRC Approval labels shall not be stocked by the repair facility. An FMRC Approval label shall be ordered from the original manufacturer as needed to repair a specific unit. Replacement labels may be obtained and applied by the repair facility providing satisfactory evidence that the unit being relabeled was originally an FMRC Approved unit. Verification may include, but is not limited to: a unit with a damaged Approval label, a unit with a defective housing displaying an Approval label, or a customer invoice indicating the serial number of the unit and purchase of an FMRC Approved model.
Do Not Substitute Options or Accessories
The Motorola communications equipment certified by Factory Mutual is tested as a system and consists of the FM Approved portable, FM Approved battery, and FM Approved accessories or options, or both. This Approved portable and battery combination must be strictly observed. There must be no substitution of items, even if the substitute has been previously Approved with a different Motorola communications equipment unit. Approved configurations are listed in the FM Approval guide published by FMRC, or in the product FM Supplement. This FM Supplement is shipped with FM Approved radio and battery combination from the manufacturer. The Approval guide, or the Approval standard Class Number 3605 document for repairs and service, can be ordered directly through Factory Mutual Research Corporation located in Norwood, Massachusetts.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Scope of Manual ........................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Warranty and Service Support ...................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2.1 Warranty Period ..................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2.2 Return Instructions ................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2.3 After Warranty Period ............................................................................................................ 1-1 1.3 Related Documents ...................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.4 Technical Support ......................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.5 Warranty and Repairs.................................................................................................................... 1-2 1.6 Radio Model Chart and Specifications .......................................................................................... 1-4 1.7 Radio Model Information ............................................................................................................... 1-4
Chapter 2
Theory of Operation
2.1 Overview....................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Controller Section ......................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2.1 Radio Power Distribution ....................................................................................................... 2-2 2.2.2 Automatic On/Off ................................................................................................................... 2-3 2.2.3 Emergency............................................................................................................................. 2-4 2.2.4 Mechanical On/Off ................................................................................................................. 2-4 2.2.5 Ignition ................................................................................................................................... 2-4 2.2.6 Microprocessor Clock Synthesizer......................................................................................... 2-5 2.2.7 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) ............................................................................................ 2-5 2.2.8 SBEP Serial Interface ............................................................................................................ 2-6 2.2.9 General Purpose Input/Output ............................................................................................... 2-6 2.2.10 Normal Microprocessor Operation ......................................................................................... 2-7 2.2.11 Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) ............................................................................... 2-8 2.3 Controller Board Audio and Signalling Circuits ............................................................................. 2-8 2.3.1 Audio Signalling Filter IC with Compander (ASFIC CMP) ..................................................... 2-8 2.3.2 Transmit Audio Circuits.......................................................................................................... 2-9 2.3.3 Microphone Input Path ........................................................................................................... 2-9 2.3.3.1 PTT Sensing and TX Audio Processing ........................................................................ 2-10 2.3.3.2 TX Secure Audio (optional) ........................................................................................... 2-10 2.3.3.3 Option Board Transmit Audio ........................................................................................ 2-10 2.3.4 Transmit Signalling Circuits ................................................................................................. 2-11 2.3.4.1 Sub-Audible Data (PL/DPL) .......................................................................................... 2-11 2.3.4.2 High Speed Data ........................................................................................................... 2-12 2.3.4.3 Dual Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) Data ................................................................ 2-12 2.3.5 Receive Audio Circuits......................................................................................................... 2-13 2.3.5.1 Squelch Detect .............................................................................................................. 2-13 2.3.5.2 Audio Processing and Digital Volume Control ............................................................... 2-14 2.3.5.3 Audio Amplification Speaker (+) Speaker (-) ................................................................. 2-14 2.3.5.4 Handset Audio ............................................................................................................... 2-15 2.3.5.5 Filtered Audio and Flat Audio ........................................................................................ 2-15 2.3.5.6 RX Secure Audio (Optional) .......................................................................................... 2-15
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2.3.5.7 Option Board Receive Audio 2-15 2.3.6 Receive Signalling Circuits................................................................................................... 2-16 2.3.6.1 Sub-audible Data (PL/DPL) and High Speed Data Decoder ........................................ 2-16 2.3.6.2 Alert Tone Circuits ......................................................................................................... 2-16 2.3.6.3 Voice Storage (Optional) .............................................................................................. 2-17 2.4 UHF (403-470 MHz) Receiver Front-End ................................................................................... 2-17 2.4.1 Front-End Band-Pass Filters & Pre-Amplifier....................................................................... 2-19 2.4.2 First Mixer and 1st Intermediate Frequency (IF) ................................................................... 2-19 2.4.3 2nd Intermediate Frequency (IF) and Receiver Back-End................................................... 2-19 2.5 Transmitter Power Amplifier (PA) 40 W ...................................................................................... 2-20 2.5.1 Power Controlled Stage ....................................................................................................... 2-20 2.5.2 Pre-Driver Stage .................................................................................................................. 2-20 2.5.3 Driver Stage ......................................................................................................................... 2-21 2.5.4 Final Stage ........................................................................................................................... 2-21 2.5.5 Bi-Directional Coupler .......................................................................................................... 2-21 2.5.6 Antenna Switch .................................................................................................................... 2-21 2.5.7 Harmonic Filter...................................................................................................................... 2-21 2.5.8 Power Control ....................................................................................................................... 2-21 2.6 Frequency Synthesis .................................................................................................................. 2-22 2.6.1 Reference Oscillator............................................................................................................. 2-22 2.6.2 Fractional-N Synthesizer...................................................................................................... 2-22 2.6.3 Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) .................................................................................... 2-23 2.6.4 Synthesizer Operation.......................................................................................................... 2-25 2.7 VHF (136-174MHz) Receiver Front-End ..................................................................................... 2-26 2.7.1 Front-End Band-Pass Filters and Pre-Amplifier ................................................................... 2-27 2.7.2 First Mixer and 1st Intermediate Frequency (IF) .................................................................. 2-27 2.7.3 2nd Intermediate Frequency (IF) and Receiver Back-End................................................... 2-27 2.8 Transmitter Power Amplifier (PA) 45 W ...................................................................................... 2-28 2.8.1 Power Controlled Stage ....................................................................................................... 2-28 2.8.2 Pre-Driver Stage .................................................................................................................. 2-28 2.8.3 Driver Stage ......................................................................................................................... 2-29 2.8.4 Final Stage ........................................................................................................................... 2-29 2.8.5 Directional Coupler............................................................................................................... 2-29 2.8.6 Antenna Switch .................................................................................................................... 2-29 2.8.7 Harmonic Filter..................................................................................................................... 2-29 2.8.8 Power Control ...................................................................................................................... 2-30 2.9 Frequency Synthesis .................................................................................................................. 2-30 2.9.1 Reference Oscillator............................................................................................................. 2-30 2.9.2 Fractional-N Synthesizer...................................................................................................... 2-30 2.9.3 Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) .................................................................................... 2-32 2.9.4 Synthesizer Operation.......................................................................................................... 2-33 2.10 Control Head (PRO3100, CDM750) ........................................................................................... 2-34 2.10.1 Power Supplies .................................................................................................................... 2-34 2.10.2 Power On/Off ....................................................................................................................... 2-34 2.10.3 Microprocessor Circuit ......................................................................................................... 2-34 2.10.4 SBEP Serial Interface .......................................................................................................... 2-35 2.10.5 Keypad Keys ........................................................................................................................ 2-35 2.10.6 Status LED and Back Light Circuit ....................................................................................... 2-35 2.10.7 Microphone Connector Signals ............................................................................................ 2-36 2.10.8 Speaker................................................................................................................................. 2-36 2.10.9 Electrostatic Transient Protection ........................................................................................ 2-36 2.11 Control Head (PRO5100, PRO7100, CDM1250, CDM1550) ..................................................... 2-37 2.11.1 Power Supplies .................................................................................................................... 2-37 2.11.2 Power On / Off ..................................................................................................................... 2-37
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2.11.3 Microprocessor Circuit ......................................................................................................... 2.11.4 SBEP Serial Interface .......................................................................................................... 2.11.5 Keypad Keys........................................................................................................................ 2.11.6 Status LED and Back Light Circuit....................................................................................... 2.11.7 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)................................................................................................ 2.11.8 Microphone Connector Signals............................................................................................ 2.11.9 Speaker................................................................................................................................ 2.11.10 Electrostatic Transient Protection ........................................................................................
2-37 2-38 2-38 2-38 2-39 2-39 2-40 2-40
Chapter 3
Maintenance
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Preventive Maintenance ............................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.1 Inspection............................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2.2 Cleaning................................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.3 Safe Handling of CMOS and LDMOS ........................................................................................... 3-2 3.4 General Repair Procedures and Techniques ............................................................................... 3-2 3.5 Recommended Test Tools ............................................................................................................ 3-5 3.6 Transmitter Troubleshooting Chart ................................................................................................ 3-6 3.7 Receiver Troubleshooting Charts ................................................................................................. 3-7 3.8 Synthesizer Troubleshooting Charts ............................................................................................. 3-9 3.9 VCO Troubleshooting Charts....................................................................................................... 3-11
Chapter 4
Schematic Diagrams, Overlays, and Parts Lists
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Notes For All Schematics and Circuit Boards ........................................................................ 4-1
List of Figures
2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-6 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 Controller Block Diagram............................................................................................................... 2-1 DC Power Distribution Block Diagram ........................................................................................... 2-3 Transmit Audio Paths .................................................................................................................... 2-9 Transmit Signalling Paths ............................................................................................................ 2-11 Receive Audio Paths ................................................................................................................... 2-13 Receive Signalling Paths ............................................................................................................. 2-16 UHF Receiver Block Diagram ...................................................................................................... 2-18 UHF Transmitter Block Diagram.................................................................................................. 2-20 UHF Synthesizer Block Diagram ................................................................................................. 2-23 UHF VCO Block Diagram ............................................................................................................ 2-24 VHF Receiver Block Diagram ...................................................................................................... 2-26 VHF Transmitter Block Diagram .................................................................................................. 2-28 VHF Synthesizer Block Diagram ................................................................................................. 2-31 VHF VCO Block Diagram ............................................................................................................ 2-32 PRO3100/CDM750 Control Head Top Overlay ............................................................................ 4-3 PRO3100/CDM750 Control Head Bottom Overlay ....................................................................... 4-4 PRO3100CDM750 Control Head Schematic Diagram, Sheet 1 ................................................... 4-5 PRO3100CDM750 Control Head Schematic Diagram, Sheet 2 ................................................... 4-6
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4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 4-9 4-10 4-11 4-12 4-13 4-14 4-15 4-16 4-17 4-18 4-19 4-20 4-21 4-22 4-23 4-24
PRO5100/PRO7100/CDM1250/CDM1550 Control Head Top Overlay .......................................................................................................................................... 4-9 PRO5100/PRO7100/CDM1250/CDM1550 Control Head Bottom Overlay ........................................................................................................................................ 4-10 PRO5100/PRO7100/CDM1250/CDM1550 Control Head Schematic Diagram ..................................................................................................................... 4-11 PRO5100/PRO7100/CDM1250/CDM1550 Control Head Keypad Schematic Diagram..................................................................................................................... 4-12 PRO5100/PRO7100/CDM1250/CDM1550 Control Head LCD Schematic ................................................................................................................................... 4-13 PRO5100/PRO7100/CDM1250/CDM1550 Control Head Display Schematic ................................................................................................................................... 4-14 Complete Controller Schematic Diagram .................................................................................... 4-17 Controller Control Schematic Diagram ...................................................................................... 4-18 Controller I/O Schematic Diagram .............................................................................................. 4-19 Controller Audio Schematic Diagram .......................................................................................... 4-20 Controller Supply Voltage Schematic Diagram ........................................................................... 4-21 UHF (403-470MHz) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram ...................................... 4-25 UHF (403-470MHz) Fractal-N Schematic Diagram .................................................................... 4-26 UHF (403-470MHz) Power Amplifier Schematic Diagram .......................................................... 4-27 VHF (136-174MHz) Main Board Top Side PCB .......................................................................... 4-33 VHF (136-174MHz) Receiver Front End Schematic Diagram .................................................... 4-34 VHF (136-174MHz) Receiver IF Schematic Diagram ................................................................. 4-35 VHF (136-174MHz) Fractal-N Schematic Diagram ..................................................................... 4-36 VHF (136-174MHz) Voltage Controlled Oscillator Schematic Diagram ...................................... 4-37 VHF (136-174MHz) Power Amplifier Schematic Diagram .......................................................... 4-38
List of Tables
1-1 3-1 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-4 4-5 Radio Model Number ..................................................................................................................... 1-3 Recommended Test tools .............................................................................................................. 3-5 PRO3100/CDM750 Control Head Parts List.................................................................................. 4-7 PRO5100/PRO7100/CDM1250/CDM1550 Control Head Parts List............................................ 4-15 Controller Parts List ..................................................................................................................... 4-22 UHF B1 Radio Parts List.............................................................................................................. 4-28 VHF (136-174MHz) Radio Parts List ........................................................................................... 4-39
1-1
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1
Scope of Manual
This manual is intended for use by service technicians familiar with similar types of equipment. It contains service information required for the equipment described and is current as of the printing date. Changes that occur after the printing date are incorporated by a complete manual revision or alternatively, as additions. NOTE Before operating or testing these units, please read the Safety Information Section in the front of this manual.
1.2
Warranty and Service Support
Motorola offers long term support for its products. This support includes full exchange and/or repair of the product during the warranty period, and service/repair or spare parts support out of warranty. Any "return for exchange" or "return for repair" by an authorized Motorola dealer must be accompanied by a warranty claim form. Warranty claim forms are obtained by contacting customer service.
1.2.1 Warranty Period
The terms and conditions of warranty are defined fully in the Motorola dealer or distributor or reseller contract. These conditions may change from time to time and the following notes are for guidance purposes only.
1.2.2 Return Instructions
In instances where the product is covered under a "return for replacement" or "return for repair" warranty, a check of the product should be performed prior to shipping the unit back to Motorola. This is to ensure that the product has been correctly programmed or has not been subjected to damage outside the terms of the warranty. Prior to shipping any radio back to a Motorola warranty depot, please contact the appropriate customer service for instructions. All returns must be accompanied by a warranty claim form, available from your customer services representative. Products should be shipped back in the original packaging, or correctly packaged to ensure no damage occurs in transit.
1.2.3 After Warranty Period
After the Warranty period, Motorola continues to support its products in two ways: Firstly, Motorola's Accessories and Aftermarket Division (ADD) offers a repair service to both end users and dealers at competitive prices. Secondly, Motorola's service department supplies individual parts and modules that can be purchased by dealers who are technically capable of performing fault analysis and repair.
1-2
Related Documents
1.3
Related Documents
The following documents are directly related to the use and maintainability of this product. Title
Service Manual, Basic, Engl Service Manual, Basic, Engl Service Manual, Basic, Port Service Manual, Basic,Span Service Manual, Detailed, Engl Service Manual, Detailed, Port Service Manual, Detailed, Span
Part Number
68P81091C62 68P81092C71 68P81092C73 68P81092C72 68P81091C63 68P81092C76 68P81092C75
1.4
Technical Support
Technical support is available to assist the dealer/distributor and self-maintained customers in resolving any malfunction which may be encountered. Initial contact should be by telephone to customer resources wherever possible. When contacting Motorola technical support, be prepared to provide the product model number and the unit's serial number. The contact locations and telephone numbers are listed below.
United States and Puerto Rico: 1-800-694-2161, Options 1, 3 Brasil: 000-811-682-0550 Colombia: 980-12-0451 Mexico: 001-800-694-2161 From other countries: (954)723-3008
1.5
Warranty and Repairs
For warranty and repairs, contact Motorola Technical Support as listed below. Be prepared to provide the product model number and the unit's serial number. Some replacement parts, spare parts, and/or product information can be ordered directly. If a complete Motorola part number is assigned to the part, and it is not identified as "Depot ONLY", the part is available from Motorola Accessories and Aftermarket Division (AAD). If no part number is assigned, the part is not normally available from Motorola. If the part number is appended with an asterisk, the part is serviceable by a Motorola depot only. If a parts list is not included, this generally means that no user-serviceable parts are available for that kit or assembly.Technical Support the product model number and the unit's serial number.
Warranty and Repairs
1-3
To Order Parts in Latin America and the Caribbean: 1-847-538-8023 Motorola Parts To Order Parts in the United States of America: Accessories and Aftermarket Division (United States and Canada) 1-800-422-4210, or 847-538-8023 1-800-826-1913, or 410-712-6200 (U. S. Federal Attention: Order Processing Government) 1313 E. Algonquin Road Schaumburg, IL 60196 TELEX: 280127 FAX: 1-847-538-8198 Accessories and Aftermarket Division FAX: 1-410-712-4991 (U. S. Federal Government) Attention: Latin America and Caribbean (U. S. A.) after hours or weekends: 1-800-925-4357 Order Processing 1313 E. Algonquin Road Schaumburg, IL 60196 Parts Identification 1-847-538-0021 (Voice) 1-847-538-8194 (FAX) Colombia Motorola de Colombia Diagonal 127A 17-64 Santa Fe de Bogota Columbia Telefono: 1-615-5759 Puerto Rico Motorola de Puerto Rico A BE. Chardon, Edificio Telemundo 2 Hato Rey, PR 00918 Telefono: (787)641-4100 Fax: (787)782-3685 Brazil Motorola Do Brasil Rua Bandeira Paulista, 580 Phone: (11)821-9991 Fax: (11)828-0157 Mexico Motorola De Mexico Blvd. Manuel Avila Camacho #32, Primer Piso COL. Lomas de Chapultepec Mexico D.F. 06700 CP 11000 Mexico Phone: (5)387-0501 Fax: (5)387-0554
Parts Order Entry 7:00 A. M. to 7:00 P M. (Central Standard Time) . Monday through Friday (Chicago, U. S. A.)
1-4
Radio Model Chart and Specifications
1.6
Radio Model Chart and Specifications
The radio model charts and specifications are located in the Basic Service Manual listed under the Related Documents paragraph of this chapter.
1.7
Radio Model Information
The model number and serial number are located on a label attached to the back of your radio. You can determine the RF output power, frequency band, protocols, and physical packages from these numbers. The example below shows one portable radio model number and its specific characteristics.
Table 1-1. Example: AAM25RHC9AA1AN
Type of Model Unit Series AA or LA M 25 Freq. Band K VHF (136174MHz) Power Level
Radio Model Number
Physical Packages
Channel Spacing 9 Programmable
Protocol AA Conventional
Feature Level 1 4F
Model Revision A
Model Package N
H A 1-25W No Display, No Keypad
Motorola Internal Use
M = Mobile
R K C UHF1 25-40W No Display (403Basic Key470MHz) pad S UHF2 (450512MHz) B Low Band, R1 (29.736.0MHz) C Low Band, R2 (36.042.0MHz) D Low Band, R3 (42.050.0MHz) D 1-Line Display, Limited Keypad F 1-Line Display, Standard Keypad N 4-Line Display, Enhanced Keypad
DU LTR
2 64F
5 128F
8 160F
2-1
Chapter 2 Theory of Operation
2.1 Overview
This chapter provides a detailed theory of operation for the radio and its components. The radio is designed as a single board unit consisting of a transmitter, receiver, and controller circuits. The board also accepts one additional option board that can provide functions such as secure voice/data, voice storage, or a signalling decoder. A control head mounted directly on the front of the radio or remotely connected by an extension cable provides a user interface for controlling the various features of the radio.The control head contains, LED indicators, microphone connector, and buttons depending on the radio type, display, and speaker. If a control head is not mounted directly on the front of the radio, an expansion board containing circuits for special applications can be mounted in its place on the front of the radio. An additional control head may be connected using an extension cable. The rear of the radio provides connections for a power, antenna, and accessory cable. The accessory cable provides connections for items such as an external speaker, emergency switch, foot operated PTT, and ignition sensing, etc.
2.2
Controller
The radio controller, shown in Figure 2-1, is divided into three main functions:
n n n
Digital control Audio processing Voltage regulation.
The digital control section of the radio consists of a microprocessor (µP), support memory, support logic, signal MUX ICs, on/off circuit, and general purpose input/output circuits.
To Synthesizer 16.8 MHz Reference Clock from Synthesizer Recovered Audio 5V from Synthesizer Section (5V_RF) To RF Section Digital 5V Regulator (5VD) RAM EEPROM FLASH HC11FL0 SPI µP Clock SCI to Accessory & Control Head Connector External Microphone Audio/Signalling ASFIC_CMP Audio PA Internal Speaker External Speaker
Mod Out
Figure 2-1. Controller Block Diagram
2-2
Theory of Operation
2.2.1
Radio Power Distribution
The dc power distribution throughout the radio board is shown in Figure 2-2. Voltage regulation for the controller is provided by four separate devices:
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U0651 (MC78M05) +5 volts U0641 (LM2941) +9.3 volts U0611 (LM2941) +12 volts VSTBY 5V (a combination of R0621 and VR0621) Additional 5 volt regulator located in the RF section.
The dc voltage applied to connector J0601 supplies power directly to the following:
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Electronic on/off control RF power amplifier 12 volt regulator 9.3 volt regulator Audio PA 5.6 volt stabilization circuit 9.3 volt regulator (U0641) supplies power to the 5 volt regulator (U0651) and 6 volt voltage divider Q0681
Regulator U0641 generates the 9.3 volts required by some audio circuits, the RF and power control circuits. Input and output capacitors C0641 and C0644 / C0645 are used to reduce high frequency noise. Resistors R0642 / R0643 set the output voltage of the regulator. If the voltage at pin 1 is greater than 1.3 volts the regulator output decreases and if the voltage is less than 1.3 volts the regulator output increases. This regulator output is enabled by a 0 volt signal on pin 2. Transistors Q0661, Q0641, and R0641 are used to disable the regulator when the radio is turned off. Voltage regulator U0651 provides 5 volts operating voltage for the digital circuits. Operating voltage is from the regulated 9.3volts supply. Input and output capacitors (C0651 / C0652 and C0654 / C0655) reduce high frequency noise and provide proper operation during battery transients. Voltage sense device U0652 or alternatively U0653 provides a reset output that goes to 0 volts if the regulator output goes below 4.5 volts. This resets the controller to prevent improper operation. Diode D0651 prevents discharge of C0652 by negative spikes on the 9.3 volt supply. Transistor Q0681 and resistors R0681 / R0682 divide the regulated 9.3 volts down to about 6 volts. This voltage supplies the 5 volt regulator, located on the RF section. By reducing the supply voltage of the regulator, the power dissipation is divided between the RF section and the controller section. The VSTBY signal, derived directly from the supply voltage by components R0621 and VR0621, buffers the internal RAM. Capacitor C0622 allows the battery voltage to be disconnected for several seconds without losing RAM information. Dual diode D0621 prevents radio circuits from discharging this capacitor. When the supply voltage is applied to the radio, C0622 is charged via R0621 and D0621. When the radio is switched on, the µP enters the wrong mode if the voltage across C0622 is still too low. The regulated 5 volts charges C0622 via diode D0621.
Theory of Operation
2-3
J0601 13.2V
PASUPVLTG
PA, Driver Antenna Switch
Accessories 20 Pin Connector
Control Head 12 Pin Connector
Option Board 40 Pin Connector
12V Regulator
SWB+ FLT_A+
ON / OFF Control FLT_A+ 9.3V Regulator Audio PA
Ignition Emergency ON/OFF
5VD
9V3
6V Regulator 5V Regulator 5VD MCU µP RAM, , FLASH & EEPROM
5V Regulator 5V_RF 5V/ VDDA
PCIC, TX Amp Temp Sense RX RF Amp IF Amp VSTBY
5.6V
ASFIC_CMP
FRACTN VCOBIC
Figure 2-2. DC Power Distribution Block Diagram The INT SW B+ voltage from switching transistor Q0661 provides power to the circuit controlling the audio PA output. The voltage is monitored by the µP through voltage divider R0671/R0672 and the line battery voltage. Diode VR0671 limits the divided voltage to 5.6 volts to protect the µP . Regulator U0611 generates the voltage for the switched supply voltage output (SWB+) at accessory connector J0501, pin 13. U0611 operates as a switch with voltage and current limit. Resistors R0611/R0612 set the maximum output voltage to 16.5 volts. This limitation is only active at high supply voltage levels. The regulator output is enabled by a 0 volt signal at Q0661, pin 2. Q0641 and R0641 disable the regulator when the radio is turned off. Input and output capacitors C0603 and C0611/C0612 reduce high frequency noise. Diode VR0601 protects against transients and reverse polarity of the supply voltage.
2.2.2
Automatic On/Off
The radio software and/or external triggers turn the radio on or off without direct user action. For example, automatic turn on when ignition is sensed and off when ignition is off. Q0661 provides the INT SW B+ voltage to the various radio circuits and to enable the voltage regulators via transistor Q0641 which contains a pnp and an npn transistor that provide an electronic on/off switch. The switch is on when the collector of the npn transistor within Q0661 is low. When the radio is off the collector is at supply voltage level. This effectively prevents current flow from emitter to collector of the pnp transistor. When the radio is turned on the voltage at the base of the npn transistor is pulled high and the pnp transistor switches on (saturation). With the INT SWB+ voltage now at supply voltage level, transistor Q0641 pulls pin 2 of the voltage regulators U0611 and U 0641 to ground level, enabling their outputs. The electronic on/off circuits are enabled by the µP through ASFIC CMP port GCB2, line DC POWER ON, emergency switch (line EMERGENCY CONTROL), the mechanical On/Off/Volume knob on the control head (line ON OFF CONTROL), or the ignition sense circuits (line IGNITION CONTROL). If any of the four paths cause a low at the collector of the npn transistor within Q0661, the electronic "ON" is engaged.
2-4
Theory of Operation
2.2.3
Emergency
The emergency switch (J0501, pin 9), when engaged, grounds the base of Q0662 via the EMERGENCY CONTROL line. This switches Q0662 off and resistor R0662 pulls the collector of Q0662 and the base of Q0663 to levels above two volts. Transistor Q0663 then switches on and pulls the collector of the npn transistor within Q0661 to ground level This enables the voltage regulators via Q0641. When the emergency switch is released, R0541 pulls the base of Q0662 up to 0.6 volts causing the collector of transistor Q0662 to go low (0.2 volts), switching Q0663 off. While the radio is on, the µP monitors the voltage at the emergency input on the accessory connector via pin 60 and the GP5 IN ACC9 line. Three different conditions can exit: no emergency, emergency, and open connection to the emergency switch. If no emergency switch is connected or the connection to the emergency switch is broken, the resistive divider R0541/R0512 sets the voltage to about 4.7 volts. If an emergency switch is connected, a resistor to ground within the emergency switch reduces the voltage on line GP5 IN ACC9 to inform the µP that the emergency switch is operational. An engaged emergency switch pulls line GP5 IN ACC9 to ground level. Diode D0179 limits the voltage to protect the µP input. While the EMERGENCY CONTROL signal is low and INT SW B+ is on, the µP starts execution, reads that the emergency input is active through the voltage level of line GP5 IN ACC9, and sets the DC POWER ON output of the ASFIC CMP pin 13 to a logic high. This keeps Q0661 and Q0641 , switched to allow a momentary press of the emergency switch to power up the radio. When the µP has finished processing the emergency press, it sets the DC POWER ON line to a logic 0. This turns off Q0661 and the radio turns off. Notice that the µP is alerted to the emergency condition via line GP5 IN ACC9. If the radio is already on when the emergency is triggered, the DC POWER ON signal is already high.
2.2.4
Mechanical On/Off
This refers to the on/off/volume knob located on the control head which is used to turn the radio on and off and control the volume. If the radio is turned off and the on/off/volume knob is pressed, line ON OFF CONTROL (J0401, pin 11) goes high and switches the radio's voltage regulators on as long as the button is pressed. The µP is alerted through line ON OFF SENSE (U0101, pin 6) which is pulled to low by Q0110 while the on/ off/volume knob is pressed. In addition, an interrupt is generated at µP pin 96. The µP asserts line , DC POWER ON via ASFIC CMP pin 13 high which keeps the radio switched on. The µP switches , the radio off by setting DC POWER ON to low via ASFIC CMP pin 13.
2.2.5
Ignition
Ignition sense prevents the radio from draining the vehicle's battery because the engine is not running. When the IGNITION input (J0501, pin 10) goes above 5 volts, Q0661 is turned on via line IGNITION CONTROL. Q0661 turns on INT SW B+ and the voltage regulators by turning on Q0641 and the µP starts execution. The µP is alerted through line GP6 IN ACC10. While the on/off button is pressed, a high signal turns Q0181 on, which pulls µP pin 74 to low. If the software detects a low state it asserts , DC POWER ON via ASFIC, pin 13 high which keeps Q0661 and Q0641 and the radio switched on. When the IGNITION input goes below 3 volts, Q0181 switches off and R0181 pulls µP, pin 74 to high. This alerts the software to switch off the radio by setting DC POWER ON to low. The next time the IGNITION input goes above 5 volts the above process is repeated.
Theory of Operation
2-5
2.2.6
Microprocessor Clock Synthesizer
The clock source for the µP system is generated by the ASFIC CMP (U0221). Upon power-up the synthesizer IC (FRAC-N) generates a 16.8 MHz waveform that is routed from the RF section to the ASFIC CMP pin 34. For the main board controller the ASFIC CMP uses 16.8 MHz as a reference , input clock signal for its internal synthesizer. The ASFIC CMP in addition to the audio circuit, has a , programmable synthesizer which can generate a synthesized signal ranging from 1200Hz to 32.769MHz in 1200Hz steps. When power is first applied, the ASFIC CMP generates its default 3.6864MHz CMOS square wave UP CLK (on U0221, pin 28) and this is routed to the µP (U0101, pin 90). After the µP starts operation, it reprograms the ASFIC CMP clock synthesizer to a higher UP CLK frequency (usually 7.3728 or 14.7456 MHz) and continues operation. The ASFIC CMP may be reprogrammed to change the clock synthesizer frequencies at various times depending on the software features that are executing. In addition, the clock frequency of the synthesizer is changed in small amounts if there is a possibility of harmonics of this clock source interfering with the desired radio receive frequency. The ASFIC CMP synthesizer loop uses C0245, C0246 and R0241 to set the switching time and jitter of the clock output. If the synthesizer cannot generate the required clock frequency it switches back to its default 3.6864MHz output. Because the ASFIC CMP synthesizer and the µP do not operate without the 16.8 MHz reference clock, the synthesizer and the voltage regulators should be checked first in debugging the system. The µP uses crystal oscillator Y0131 and associated components to form a real time clock used to display the time on control heads (with display) or as time stamp for incoming calls or messages. The real time clock is powered from the voltage VSTBY to keep running while the radio is switched off. If the radio is disconnected from the supply voltage, the time must be reset.
2.2.7
Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI)
The µP communicates to many of the IC's through its SPI port. This port consists of SPI TRANSMIT DATA (MOSI) (U0101, pin 100), SPI RECEIVE DATA (MISO) (U0101, pin 99), SPI CLK (U0101, pin 1) and chip select lines going to the various ICs. The BUS is a synchronous bus, in that the timing clock signal CLK is sent while SPI data (SPI TRANSMIT or RECEIVE) is sent. Therefore, whenever there is activity on either SPI TRANSMIT DATA or SPI RECEIVE DATA there should be a uniform signal on CLK. The SPI TRANSMIT DATA sends serial data from the µP to a device, and SPI RECEIVE DATA is sends data from a device to the µP On the controller there are two ICs on the SPI BUS: ASFIC CMP . (U0221, pin 22), and EEPROM (U0111, pin 5). In the RF section there are two ICs on the SPI BUS: FRAC-N Synthesizer, and the Power Control IC (PCIC). The SPI TRANSMIT DATA and CLK lines going to the RF section are filtered by L0481/R0481 and L0482/R0482 to minimize noise. The chip select line CSX from U0101, pin 2 is shared by the ASFIC CMP FRAC-N Synthesizer, and PCIC. , Each of these IC`s check the SPI data and when the sent address information matches the IC's address, the data that follows is processed. The chip select lines for the EEPROM (EE CS), voice storage (VS CS), expansion board (EXP1 CS, EXP2 CS) and option board (OPT CS) are decoded by the address decoder U0141. When the µP needs to program any of these IC's it brings the chip select line CSX to a logic 0 and then sends the proper data and clock signals. The amount of data sent varies, for example the ASFIC CMP can receive up to 19 bytes (152 bits) while the PCIC can receive up to 6 bytes (48 bits). After the data is sent, the chip select line is returned to logic 1.
2-6
Theory of Operation
The option board interfaces are different in that the µP can also read data back from devices connected.The timing and operation of this interface is specific to the option connected, but the general pattern is as follows:
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Option board generates a service request via J0551, pin 29, line RDY, and µP pin 79 , The main board asserts a chip select for that option board via U0141,pin 14, line OPT CS, J0551,pin 30 The main board µP generates the CLK (J0551, pin 3) The main board µP writes serial data via J0551, pin 15 and reads serial data via J0551, pin 16 When data transfer is complete the main board terminates the chip select and CLK activity
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2.2.8
SBEP Serial Interface
The SBEP serial interface allows the radio to communicate with the Customer Programming Software (CPS), or the universal tuner via the Radio Interface Box (RIB). This interface connects to the microphone connector via control head connector (J0401, pin 8) or to the accessory connector J0401, pin 17 and comprises BUS+. The line is bi-directional, meaning that either the radio or the RIB can drive the line. The µP sends serial data via pin 98 and D0101 and it reads serial data via pin 97. Whenever the µP detects activity on the BUS+ line, it starts communication. In addition, the SBEP serial interface is used to communicate with a connected control head. When a control head key is pressed or the volume knob is rotated, the line ON OFF CONTROL goes high. This turns on transistor Q0110 which pulls line ON OFF SENSE and µP pin 6 to ground level. In , addition, an interrupt is generated via R0109 (for SELECT 5 / MDC models) or R0128, U0125, pins 17/26 (for MPT models) and µP pin 96. This indicates that the control head wants to start SBEP , communication. The µP then reads the registers of the Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) U0125 to determine whether the interrupt source was the control head or the UART (MPT models only). If the interrupt source was from the control head, the µP requests the data from the control head. The control head starts sending and after all data has been sent, the ON OFF CONTROL line goes low. The control head ignores any data on BUS+ during SBEP communication with the CPS or universal tuner.
2.2.9
General Purpose Input/Output
The controller provides eight general purpose lines (DIG1 through DIG8) available on the accessory connector J0501 to interface the external options. Lines DIG IN 1,3,5,6, are inputs, DIG OUT 2 is an output and DIG IN OUT 4,7,8 are bidirectional. The software and the hardware of the radio model define the function of each port. DIG IN 1 can be used as external PTT input or others, set by the CPS. The µP reads this port via pin 77 and Q0171. DIG OUT 2 can be used as normal output or external alarm output, set by the CPS. Transistor Q0173 is controlled by the µP via ASFIC CMP, pin 14. DIG IN 3 is read by µP pin 63 via resistor R0176 , DIG IN 5 can be used as normal input or emergency input, set by the CPS. The µP reads this port via R0179 and µP pin 60. Diode D0179 limits the voltage to protect the µP input. , DIG IN 6 can be used as normal input, set by the CPS. The µP reads this port via, pin 74 and Q0181. DIG IN OUT 4,7,8 are bidirectional and use the same circuit configuration. Each port uses an output transistor Q0177, Q0183, Q0185 controlled by µP pins 46, 47, 53. The ports are read by µP pins 75, , , 54, 76. To use one of the ports as input the µP must turn off the corresponding output transistor. In addition the signals from DIG IN 1, DIG IN OUT 4 are fed to the option board connector J0551 and the expansion board connector J0451.
Theory of Operation
2-7
2.2.10 Normal Microprocessor Operation
The µP is configured to operate in one of two modes: expanded or bootstrap. In expanded mode, the µP uses external memory devices to operate. In bootstrap mode, the µP uses only its internal memory. During normal operation of the radio, the µP is operating in expanded mode and the µP (U0101) has access to three external memory devices: U0121 (EEPROM), U0122 (SRAM), and U0111 (EEPROM). Also, within the µP there are three KBs of internal RAM, as well as logic to select external memory devices. The external EEPROM (U0111) space contains the information in the radio which is customer specific, referred to as the codeplug. This information consists of items such as:
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Band in which the radio operates What frequencies are assigned to what channel Tuning information.
The external SRAM (U0122) as well as the µP's own internal RAM space are used for temporary calculations required by the software during execution. All of the data stored in both of these locations is lost when the radio powers off (See the particular device subsection for more details). The µP provides an address bus of 16 address lines (ADDR 0 - ADDR 15), and a data bus of eight data lines (DATA 0 - DATA 7). There are also three control lines: CSPROG (U0101, pin 38) to chip select U0121, pin 30 (EEPROM), CSGP2 (U0101, pin 41) to chip select U0122, pin 20 (SRAM) and PG7 R W (U0101, pin 4) to select whether to read or to write. The external EEPROM (U0111,pin 1), the OPTION BOARD and EXPANSION BOARD are selected by three lines of the µP using address decoder U0141. The chips ASFIC CMP / FRAC-N / PCIC are selected by line CSX (U0101, pin 2). When the µP is functioning normally, the address and data lines are toggling at CMOS logic levels. Specifically, the logic high levels should be between 4.8 to 5.0 volts, and the logic low levels should be between 0 to 0.2 volts. No other intermediate levels should be observed, and the rise and fall times should be <30ns. The low-order address lines (ADDR 0 - ADDR 7) and the data lines (DATA 0-DATA 7) should be toggling at a high rate, e. g., you should set your oscilloscope sweep to 1µs/div. or faster to observe individual pulses. High speed CMOS transitions should also be observed on the µP control lines.On the µP the lines XIRQ (U0101, pin 48), MODA LIR (U0101, pin 58), MODB VSTPY (U0101, pin 57) and RESET (U0101, pin 94) should be high at all times during normal operation. Whenever a data or address line becomes open or shorted to an adjacent line, a common symptom is that the RESET line goes low periodically, with the period being in the order of 20msecs. In the case of shorted lines you may also detect the line periodically at an intermediate level, i.e. around 2.5 volts when two shorted lines attempt to drive to opposite rails. The MODA LIR (U0101, pin 58) and MODB VSTPY (U0101, pin 57) inputs to the µP must be at a logic 1 for it to start executing correctly. After the µP starts execution it periodically pulses these lines to determine the desired operating mode. While the central processing unit (CPU) is running, MODA LIR is an open-drain CMOS output which goes low whenever the µP begins a new instruction. One instruction typically requires 2-4 external bus cycles, or memory fetches. There are eight analog-to-digital converter ports (A/D) on U0101 labelled within the device block as PE0-PE7. These lines sense the voltage level ranging from 0 to 5V of the input line and convert that level to a number ranging from 0 to 255 which is read by the software to take appropriate action. For example U0101, pin 67 is the battery voltage detect line. R0671 and R0672 form a resistor divider on INT SWB+. With 30K and 10K and a voltage range of 11V to 17V, that A/D port is 2.74V to 4.24V which is then be converted to ~140 to 217 respectively.
2-8
Theory of Operation
U0101-69 is the high reference voltage for the A/D ports on the µP Capacitor C0101 filters the +5 . volt reference. If this voltage is lower than +5 volt, the A/D reading is incorrect. Likewise U0101, pin 68 is the low reference for the A/D ports. This line is normally tied to ground. If this line is not connected to ground, the A/D readings could be incorrect.
2.2.11 Static Random Access Memory (SRAM)
The SRAM (U0121) contains temporary radio calculations or parameters that can change very frequently, and which are generated and stored by the software during its normal operation. The information is lost when the radio is turned off. The device allows an unlimited number of write cycles. SRAM accesses are indicated by the CS signal U0122, pin 20 which is the result of U0101-CSGP2 going low. U0122 is commonly referred to as the external RAM as opposed to the internal RAM which is the 3 KBs of RAM (part of the 68HC11FL0). Both RAM spaces serve the purpose. However, the internal RAM is used for the calculated values which are accessed most often. Capacitor C0122 filters out any ac noise which may ride on +5V at U0122.
2.3
2.3.1
Controller Board Audio and Signalling Circuits
Audio Signalling Filter IC with Compander (ASFIC CMP)
The ASFIC CMP (U0221) used in the controller has the four following functions:
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RX/TX audio shaping, i.e. filtering, amplification, attenuation RX/TX signalling, PL/DPL/HST/MDC/MPT Squelch detec