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OMRON
CHAPTER 1 Technical Specification
CX-Programmer User Manual
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CX-Programmer User Manual
Notice
OMRON products are manufactured for use according to proper procedures by a qualified operator and only for the purposes described in this manual. The following conventions are used to indicate and classify precautions in this manual. Always heed the information provided in them. Failure to heed precautions can result in injury to people or damage to the product. DANGER! WARNING Caution Indicates information that, if not heeded, is likely to result in loss of life or serious injury. Indicates information that, if not heeded, could possibly result in loss of life or serious injury. Indicates information that, if not heeded, could result in relatively serious or minor injury, damage to the product, or faulty operation.
OMRON Product References
All OMRON products are capitalised in this manual. The word "Unit" is also capitalised when it refers to an OMRON product, regardless of whether or not it appears in the proper name of the product. The abbreviation "PLC" means Programmable Logic Controller and is not used as an abbreviation for anything else.
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Visual Aids
The following headings appear in the left column of the manual to help you locate different types of information. Indicates information of particular interest for efficient and convenient operation of the product. 1, 2, 3... Indicates lists of one sort or another, such as procedures, checklists etc.
Represents a shortcut on the Toolbar to one of the options available on the menu of the same window.
OMRON, 2001
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, mechanical, electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of OMRON. All copyright and trademarks acknowledged. No patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained herein. Moreover, because OMRON is constantly striving to improve its high-quality products, the information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice. Every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this manual. Nevertheless, OMRON assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the information contained in this publication.
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CX-Programmer User Manual
About this Manual
This manual describes the CX-Programmer application and its ability to create and maintain programs for use with OMRON SYSMAC CS, CV and C PLCs. It does not provide detailed information concerning the PLCs themselves, for this information the commercial manual for the device must be consulted. This manual contains the following chapters: · Chapter 1 Introduction. This chapter describes the CX-Programmer software in general terms and also provides details of the operating environment and minimum configuration necessary for the satisfactory operation of CX-Programmer. Chapter 2 Quick Start Guide. This chapter describes the basic features of CX-Programmer together with a simple tutorial for familiarisation purposes. Chapter 3 Project Reference. This describes the features common to two or more parts of CXProgrammer. Chapter 4 Reference. This chapter introduces the features contained in the Project workspace and discusses their associated commands and features. Chapter 5 Advanced Topics. This chapter discusses the more advanced topics in relation to CXProgrammer.
· · · · ·
Appendix A Toolbars and Keyboard Shortcuts. This appendix summarises the toolbar and keyboard shortcuts available from CX-Programmer. A Glossary of Terms and Index are also provided.
Warning:
Failure to read and understand the information provided in this manual may result in personal injury or death, damage to the product, or product failure. Please read each chapter in its entirety and be sure you understand the information provided in the chapter and related chapters before attempting any of the procedures or operations given.
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Table of Contents
CX-Programmer User Manual.................................................. Page Chapter 1 - Technical Specification ................................................... 1
OMRON CX-Programmer...........................................................................................................1 About this Manual .......................................................................................................................1 CX-Programmer Features............................................................................................................2 System Requirements ..................................................................................................................4 Installation ...................................................................................................................................5 Help and How to Access it ..........................................................................................................6 Technical Support........................................................................................................................9
Chapter 2 - Quick Start Guide ......................................................... 11
Starting CX-Programmer...........................................................................................................11 Licensing ...................................................................................................................................12 Introducing CX-Programmer Projects .......................................................................................12 The CX-Programmer Environment ...........................................................................................13 Using CX-Programmer..............................................................................................................21 Summary....................................................................................................................................32
Chapter 3 - Project Reference .......................................................... 33
Project Workspace.....................................................................................................................33 Program Sections.......................................................................................................................34 Cross-Reference Report.............................................................................................................36 Address Reference Tool ............................................................................................................37 Output Window .........................................................................................................................39 Watch Window..........................................................................................................................39 Options and Preferences ............................................................................................................41 Finding and Replacing Text.......................................................................................................47 Properties...................................................................................................................................53 Using Microsoft Windows Features in CX-Programmer ..........................................................55
Chapter 4 - Reference........................................................................ 67
PLCs and Projects......................................................................................................................67 Symbols .....................................................................................................................................68 Program Editing.........................................................................................................................78 Mnemonics Program Editing.....................................................................................................88 Working On-Line ......................................................................................................................88 Flash ROM Backup ...................................................................................................................99 Data Trace/Time Chart Monitoring .........................................................................................100 CX-Net Network Configuration Tool......................................................................................100 IO Table...................................................................................................................................101
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Table of Contents continued
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Chapter 5 - Advanced Topics ......................................................... 103
Writing More Maintainable Programs .....................................................................................103 Copying Information between Projects ...................................................................................104 Using CX-Programmer with Other Applications.....................................................................104 Converting Programs to PLC Types........................................................................................108 Applying a Password to the PLC Program ..............................................................................109
Appendix A - Toolbar and Keyboard Shortcuts .......................... 111
Standard Toolbar .....................................................................................................................111 Diagrams Toolbar ....................................................................................................................112 Symbol Table Toolbar .............................................................................................................112 Insert Toolbar ..........................................................................................................................113 PLC Toolbar ............................................................................................................................113 Program Toolbar......................................................................................................................114 Views Toolbar .........................................................................................................................114 Keyboard Shortcuts .................................................................................................................115
Glossary of Terms............................................................................ 117 Index.................................................................................................. 123
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Chapter 1 Technical Specification
CHAPTER 1 Technical Specification
This chapter describes the CX-Programmer software in general terms and provides details of the operating environment and minimum configuration necessary for the satisfactory operation of CXProgrammer.
CX-Programmer Software
CX-Programmer is a PLC programming tool for the creation, testing and maintenance of programs associated with Omron CS1-series PLCs, CV-series PLCs and C-series PLCs. It provides facilities for the support of PLC device and address information and for communications with OMRON PLCs and their supported network types. CX-Programmer operates on IBM compatible personal computers with Pentium or better central processors, including Pentium II. It runs in a Microsoft Windows environment (Microsoft Windows 95, 98, Millennium or 2000 and NT4.0 with Service Pack 5 or later).
About this Manual
This User Manual acts as a reference for CX-Programmer by describing its various concepts and abilities, and by leading the user through the basics of CX-Programmer programming. It also provides a detailed reference for all of the CX-Programmer functions. Separate OMRON manuals describe the PLC programming structure and instruction set in detail. A separate OMRON manual describes the common features to PLC programming used by software other than CX-Programmer. CX-Programmer comes with a context sensitive on-line help system which is designed to complement this manual and to provide a quick reference at any point while using CX-Programmer when the manual is not to hand. This general help system uses a fast `hypertext system' which allows progressively more information about any topic to be obtained by selecting keywords within the descriptive text. Throughout this manual it is assumed that the reader has a working knowledge of Microsoft Windows, and knows how to:
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Use the keyboard and mouse. Select options from Microsoft Windows menus. Operate dialogue boxes. Locate, open and save data files. Edit, cut and paste text. Use the Microsoft Windows desktop environment.
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If Microsoft Windows has not been used before, it is recommended that the reader spends some time working with it using the Microsoft documentation before using CX-Programmer. This manual also assumes that a working knowledge of OMRON PLC devices has been obtained.
CX-Programmer Features
CX-Programmer is a support tool for the programming of OMRON PLCs and for maintenance of their device settings. It supersedes the OMRON applications SYSWIN and SYSMAC-CPT. The following list describes important features that were present in CX-Programmer 2.0. Support for program `sections' - a program can be divided into definable, named sections, for easier management of large programs. Improved search / replace - including wildcards and memory range movement. Improved ladder and mnemonic editors, with much greater clarity, and improved zooming. It is possible to choose the format and amount of symbol information to show on the ladder display to maximise the use of space display of comments can be quickly turned off and on. The ladder editor automatically justifies a ladder rung when the cursor is moved off it. Use of colour - global and local symbols are coloured differently in the ladder / mnemonic views. Errors in ladder elements are shown a definable 'Error' colour. The shortcut keys and toolbars can be customised. An instruction can be entered using its instruction number, in the new instruction dialogue. Improved 'go to' facilities - go to an input or output function using a particular address, and go back again. Or go to a rung/step or commented rung. The watch window supports local symbols. Monitoring can be paused, or frozen, to examine the logic of a program. A comment can be `attached' to a ladder element (contact/coil or instruction). Monitoring can be set to work in hexadecimal format only. Addresses which are included within the PLC IO table are shown with an I / Q prefix in the programming windows. It is possible to define what is shown on the split in an editing window - the same type of view, ladder/mnemonic, or the local symbol table. Improved support for importing / exporting symbols to spreadsheets and text-editors. The value of a NUMBER data-type symbol can be given in hexadecimal. Improved ladder printing. Improved CX-Server components.
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Version 2.1 of CX-Programmer offers the following enhancements. Support for new PLCs Full support has been added for the, CS1G-H, CS1H-H and CJ1G, CJ1G-H, CJ1H-H series PLCs and the D/S Gateway PLC "(CPM2*-S*). Flash ROM backup Flash ROM backup is supported for the PLCs incorporating this feature. Find and Replace Enhanced and extended Find and Replace functionality. The GUI has been enhanced to include the scope of the search i.e. whether the Section, Global symbol and/or the Local symbol will be affected by the search. Upload/Download The Upload/Download functionality has been updated to include the CV/CVM1, CS1/CJ1, CJ1H/H-H and CS1G/H-H PLCs to avoid searching section markers on the initial dialog Upload. The range of the Send/Rec. instruction has been extended to include the PLCs CS1/CJ1, CS1G/H-H and CJ1G/H-H Operation The levels of operation have been extended to include Junior, Demo and Trial versions of the product.
Symbol Sorting The symbol sort for number data types has been enhanced and is now sorted separately from other data types in the symbol table view. Direct import file range extended to include CPT, SP1 and COD files. CX-Programmer supports the following PLCs.
Series CJ1-Series CJ1-Series CJ1-Series CS1-Series CS1-Series CV-Series CV-Series CV- Series CV- Series CV- Series C- Series C- Series C- Series C- Series Model CJ1G CJ1G-H CJ1H-H CS1G CS1G-H CS1H CS1H-H CV1000 CV2000 CV500 CVM1 CVM1-V2 C1000H C2000H C200H C200HE CPU Types CPU 44, CPU 45 CPU 42, CPU 43, CPU 44 and CPU 45 CPU 65 and CPU 66. CPU 42, CPU 43, CPU 44, CPU 45 CPU 63, CPU 64, CPU 65, CPU 66, CPU 67 CPU 01 CPU 01 CPU 01 CPU 01, CPU 11 CPU 01, CPU 11, CPU 21 CPU 01 CPU 01 CPU 01, CPU 02, CPU 03, CPU 11, CPU 21, CPU 22, CPU 23, CPU 31 CPU 11, CPU 32, CPU 42
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Series C- Series C- Series C- Series C- Series C- Series C- Series C- Series C-Series C- Series C- Series IDSC SRM1 SRM1
Model C200HE-Z C200HG C200HG-Z C200HS C200HX C200HX-Z CPM1 (CPM1A) CPM2* CPM2*-S* CQM1 CQM1H SRM1 SRM1-V2
CPU Types CPU 11, CPU 32, CPU 42 CPU 33, CPU 43, CPU 53, CPU 63 CPU 33, CPU 43, CPU 53, CPU 63 CPU 01, CPU 03, CPU 21, CPU 23, CPU 31, CPU 33 CPU 34, CPU 44, CPU 54, CPU 64 CPU 34, CPU 44, CPU 54, CPU 64, CPU 65, CPU 85 CPU 10, CPU 20, CPU 30, CPU 40 CPU 10, CPU 20, CPU 30 CPU 11, CPU 21, CPU 41, CPU 42, CPU 43, CPU 44, CPU 45 CPU 11, CPU 21, CPU 51, CPU 61 C01, C02 C01, C02
The CVM1-V1 PLC for types CPU01 and CPU11 cannot be specifically selected. Use the non V2 types. Refer to the CX-Server PLC Tools User Manual for information regarding available communication types.
Note:
System Requirements
CX-Programmer operates on IBM compatible personal computers with Pentium or better central processors, including Pentium II. It runs in a Microsoft Windows environment (Microsoft Windows 95, 98, Millennium or 2000 and NT4.0 with Service Pack 5 or later). CX-Programmer is not guaranteed to be compatible with computers running Windows emulation (for example, Apple Macintosh). The following configuration is the minimum system requirements for running CX-Programmer in Microsoft Windows 95, 98 and NT4.0 (Service Pack 5 or later,).
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IBM PC-AT compatible or NEC PC-98 compatible computer; Pentium class CPU operating at 133 Megahertz (MHz) or faster; Minimum 32 Megabytes (Mb) Random Access Memory (RAM); Hard disk storage with at least 100 Mb free space; 800 × 600 SVGA or higher resolution display system is recommended.
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The following configuration is the minimum system requirements for running CX-Programmer in Microsoft Windows 2000 and Millennium edition. IBM PC-AT compatible or NEC PC-98 compatible computer; Pentium class CPU operating at 150 Megahertz (MHz) or faster; Minimum 64 Megabytes (Mb) Random Access Memory (RAM); Hard disk storage with at least 100 Mb free space; 800 × 600 SVGA or higher resolution display system is recommended. IBM PC-AT compatible or NEC PC-98 compatible computer; Pentium class CPU operating at 200 Megahertz (MHz) or faster; 64 Megabytes (Mb) Random Access Memory (RAM); A minimum of 150 Mb free hard disk space;
The following is the recommended minimum system environment.
1024 × 786 SVGA or higher resolution display. Use of a mouse is highly recommended, although all operations can be performed using the keyboard. Refer to the on-line help or the User Manual for a list of keyboard shortcut commands. The amount of RAM and hard disk space used depends upon the size of the PLC programs written approximately 1K per step.
Installation
This chapter describes the procedures involved in the installation of CX-Programmer on a standard workstation running Microsoft Windows 95, 98, Millennium or 2000 and NT4.0 with Service Pack 5 or later. The software is supplied on CD-ROM and is installed easily from within Microsoft Windows. The installation can be terminated at any point during the installation process. During the installation process the Software Licence Agreement will be displayed. This informs you of Omron's terms and conditions concerning the software licensing of CX-Programmer. These must be read and agreed with before continuing. 1, 2, 3... 1. Insert the CD in the appropriate CD-ROM drive. If autorun is set you will automatically be taken to the Install screen. If not select Start then the Run option from the Start pushbutton on the Microsoft Windows taskbar. Click the Browse pushbutton to select the setup file from the CD-ROM drive. Click the OK pushbutton to initiate the installation. instructions. Follow the on-screen
2. 3.
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Entering a Licence Number
During the installation, a licence number must be entered. The licence number is supplied with the purchase of CX-Programmer. There are six different licence number types representing six different modes of installation. Upgrade licence numbers are available on request. The six installation modes are: Full (1 User) Full (3 User) Full (10 User) Junior Installation providing full functionality support for all PLCs. The licence is restricted to a single user installation. Installation providing full functionality support for all PLCs. The licence is restricted to a three user installation. Installation providing full functionality support for all PLCs. The licence is restricted to a ten user installation. Installation providing full functionality support for the junior range PLCs only CPM1 (CPM1A, CPM2*, SRM1, SRM1-V2). The licence is restricted to a single user installation. Installation providing full functionality support for all PLCs. Its use is limited to 30 days from time of installation. The licence is restricted to a single user installation. Installation providing limited functionality support for all PLCs. Full system operation is provided but projects can not be saved or printed.
Trial
Demonstration
If no licence number is entered then CX-Programmer is automatically installed in demonstration mode. If CX-Server was included in the installation then on completion of the CX-Programmer installation a number of dialogs will prompt for information concerning the installation of CX-Server and its components.
Help and How to Access it
CX-Programmer comes with a detailed context-sensitive help system. At any time while using the software, it is possible to get help on the particular point that is currently being worked on, or on general aspects of CX-Programmer. This system is intended to complement the manual, by providing an on-line reference to specific functions of the software. The manual is designed to provide tutorial information and discuss the various facilities offered by CX-Programmer. Help topics (available from the Help menu); Instruction Reference (available from the Help menu and from the instruction entry dialogue); Context sensitive help; About (available from the Help menu); Status Bar.
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Help Topics
Select the Help Topics option on the Help menu. The Help system provides a standard look-up dialogue under the Contents tab showing the contents of the CX-Programmer Help file. Double-click on an item to read the associated information. Index Use the following procedure to retrieve on-line help from the Index tab of the Help Topics dialogue. 1, 2, 3... 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Select the Help Topics option from the Help menu. Select the Index tab. Enter a text query into the first step field. The second step field is refreshed according to the query entered in the first step field. Select an entry in the second step field and select the Display pushbutton, or double-click on the index entry. If an entry is linked to two or more topics, the names of the topics are displayed in the Topics Found dialogue. Select a topic and choose the Display pushbutton or double-click on the topic.
Find Use the following procedure to retrieve on-line help from the Find tab of the Help Topics dialogue. 1, 2, 3... 1. 2. 3. Select the Help Topics option from the Help menu. Select the Find tab. Enter a text query into the first step field. The second step field is refreshed according to the query entered in the first step field. Previous text queries can be retrieved by selecting from the drop-down list in the first step field. Select a word that matches the query some words may be automatically selected. More than one word can be selected by pressing Shift and selecting another word to extend the selection or by pressing Ctrl and selecting another word to add to the selection. The third step field is refreshed according to the word or words selected. The number of topics found is shown at the bottom of the dialogue. Select a topic from the third step field and select the Display pushbutton, or double-click on the topic from the third step field. Select the Clear pushbutton to restart the Find operation.
4.
5.
The Find operation can be enhanced by the use of the Options pushbutton and Rebuild push-button. Refer to Microsoft Windows documentation for further information.
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Instruction Reference
CX-Programmer supports additional help for CS1-series PLCs, CV-series PLCs and C-series PLCs. All valid instructions relating to PLC programming can be retrieved by selecting Instruction Reference from the Help menu, followed by either CS1-Series, CV-Series or C-Series. Individual help topics are displayed.
Context Sensitive Help
CX-Programmer supports the use of context sensitive help. The relevant on-line help topic is provided automatically by selecting the current area of the display responsible for carrying out those actions. Select the F1 function key to retrieve context sensitive help. Some dialogs include a Help pushbutton when F1 cannot be accessed. It is also possible to retrieve context sensitive help by selecting the Help button from the toolbar and selecting an area of the display to retrieve help.
About CX-Programmer
CX-Programmer includes an About button accessible from the toolbar. The About CXProgrammer dialogue supplies technical reference information about the application such as version and copyright information. It also contains essential version number information that is required for obtaining technical support.
Status Bar
The status bar is displayed at the bottom of many of the CX-Programmer display and tool windows. It provides several helpful pieces of information while programming: Instant Help. A brief message appears in the status bar as menu commands and buttons are selected. On-line Status. This shows the on-line or off-line status of the PLC. If connection to a PLC is lost, the status bar will indicate this by flashing. PLC Operating Mode. When connected to a PLC, this shows the current PLC mode. Connection errors are also displayed here. Connected PLC and CPU Type. The currently connected PLC and associated CPU can always be referenced in the status bar. PLC Cycle Time. This shows the current cycle time of the PLC when connected. Cursor Position. This shows the position of the cursor within the program.
On-line Edit Buffer Size. This shows the size remaining in the on-line edit buffer when connected to a PLC and editing on-line. The CX-Programmer status bar can be enabled and disabled by selecting the Status Bar option from the View menu.
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Technical Support
If the installation instructions for this application have been followed (refer to Chapter 1 - Installation), no difficulties should be encountered. However, if there is a problem, contact Customer Services. If a problem occurs, check that it does not relate to a fault outside CX-Programmer, for instance, with CX-Server components. Check the following: The computer is working correctly. The PLC is working correctly. The communications system is set up correctly.
The errors are cleared in the PLC. When Customer Services need to be contacted, keep the following details to hand. A clear and concise description of the problem is required, together with the exact text of any error messages. Note: Use the About dialogue to obtain the version number of the application (the fourfielded version listed against the `CX-P.exe' entry in the bottom list).
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Customer Services Request Form
Version number of CXProgrammer: Serial number of the software: Operating system and version number: Language of operating system: PLC type, model and CPU details: Type of communications in use: Serial SYSMAC LINK SYSMAC NET Controller Link Ethernet Toolbus Nature of the problem:
Steps taken to reproduce problem:
Other comments:
Refer to the CX-Server PLC Tools User Manual for support details regarding CX-Server components.
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CHAPTER 2 Quick Start Guide
CHAPTER 2 Quick Start Guide
This chapter describes the basic features of CX-Programmer together with a simple tutorial for familiarisation purposes; detail is to be found in Chapter 3 - Project Reference and Chapter 4 Reference. As this chapter proceeds, important concepts about CX-Programmer are introduced by this symbol.
Starting CX-Programmer
CX-Programmer is activated from the Start button in the Microsoft Windows taskbar. Once activated, CX-Programmer is displayed.
CX-Programmer provides the facility to create a project file in which as many PLCs as required can be included. For each PLC, ladder program(s), addressing and network details, pre-set PLC memory, IO table, expansion instructions (if applicable) and programming symbols can be defined.
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Licensing
CX-Programmer uses a licence number system in order to activate the programme in one of four modes of operation. The licence number for the mode of operation purchased is shown on the CD case. Junior Mode To use CX-Programmer in Junior mode, a licence number is required. Using this mode provides full functionality but restricts programming to the CPM1(CPM1A), CPM2*, SRM1 and SRM1-V2 PLCs only. Trial Mode A licence number is required to run CX-Programmer in Trial mode. Full functionality is provided is this mode but operation is restricted to 30 days from the time installation. Demo Mode A licence number is not required to run CX-Programmer in Demo mode. Full system operation is provided but projects can not be saved or printed. Full Version To access the Full Version of CX-Programmer, the appropriate licence number must be entered. The licence number may be input at the time of installation or later. To enter an upgrade licence number or re-enter the existing number after installation, follow these steps: 1, 2, 3... 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Start CX-Programmer, as described above. Click the help button in the toolbar or from the Help menu select the About CXProgrammer option. In the `About CX-Programmer' dialog click the Licence button. A dialogue is displayed that allows a new licence number to be entered. Read the warning message, enter the appropriate licence number and click OK. When a correct licence number is entered, CX-Programmer must be restarted to gain full functionality.
Introducing CX-Programmer Projects
The information within a CX-Programmer project consists of ladder program(s), operands, required PLC memory contents, IO tables, expansion instructions (if applicable) and symbols. Each CX-Programmer project file is separate and is a single document. CX-Programmer can only open a single project at a time. However, it is possible to deal with many project files by using CX-Programmer at once.
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A CX- Programmer project has a .CXP or .CXT file extension. (normally the .CXP file is used, and is a compressed version of the .CXT file). Once the project itself is created the desired PLC and symbol information can be defined. For a full discussion of PLCs, refer to the CX-Server - PLC Tools User Manual.
The CX-Programmer Environment
This chapter describes how to manipulate the different views of the main window. Use this chapter to develop an understanding with the layout of CX-Programmer and to customise it according to specific requirements.
The views available are controlled via the options supplied by the View menu.
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The project workspace. Select the Toggle Project Workspace button from the toolbar to activate this view. Deselect the Toggle Project Workspace button from the toolbar to deactivate this view. The Output window. Select the Toggle Output Window button from the toolbar to activate this view. Deselect the Toggle Output Window button from the toolbar to deactivate this view. The Watch window. Select the Toggle Watch Window button from the toolbar to activate this view. Deselect the Toggle Watch Window button from the toolbar to deactivate this view. The Cross Reference Report. Select the Cross Reference Report button from the toolbar to activate this view. The local symbol table. Select the View Local Symbols button from the toolbar to activate this view. The Diagram Workspace. Select the View Diagram button from the toolbar to activate this view. The Mnemonics view. Select the View Mnemonics button from the toolbar to activate this view. The Address Reference tool. Select the Show Address Reference Tool button from the toolbar to activate this view. The Properties dialogue. Select the Show Properties button from the toolbar to activate this view. All windows in the CX-Programmer main window can be minimised, maximised or closed. Refer to standard Microsoft Windows documentation for further information. Each window has an associated context menu obtained by clicking the right-mouse button. These options show the functions relevant to the point where the right-mouse button was pressed. The status bar displays instant help, PLC on-line status, PLC mode, connected PLC and PLC type, PLC cycle time, on-line edit buffer size and current cursor position depending on which view is displayed. To exit CX-Programmer, select Exit from the File menu. Refer to Chapter 3 - Project Reference for further information.
Project Workspace
The project workspace displays the project as a hierarchical tree structure showing related PLC and program details. Select the Toggle Project Workspace button from the toolbar to activate this view. Deselect the Toggle Project Workspace button from the toolbar to deactivate this view.
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A description of each object in the hierarchy and their associated context menus is provided as follows: PLC. Refer to the CX-Server PLC Tools User Manual for details. Global Symbol Table. Refer to Chapter 2 Introducing Symbols and the Symbol Table for details. IO Table. Refer to the CX-Server PLC Tools User Manual for details. PLC Settings. Refer to the CX-Server PLC Tools User Manual for details. Memory Card. Refer to the CX-Server PLC Tools User Manual for details. The Memory Card object can only be selected when the PLC is on-line. Error Log. Refer to the CX-Server PLC Tools User Manual for details. The Error Log object can only be selected when the PLC is on-line. PLC Memory. Refer to the CX-Server PLC Tools User Manual for details. Program. Refer to Chapter 2 Using CX-Programme for details. Local Symbol Table. Refer to Chapter 2 Introducing Symbols and the Symbol Table for details. Sections. Refer to Chapter 2 Program Sections. Collapse/Expand. The hierarchy can be collapsed or expanded to show either a partial view or full view of the project workspace tree.
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Diagram Workspace
The Diagram Workspace can display a Ladder program, the symbol table of that program or the Mnemonics view. The details displayed depend upon the selection made in the project workspace. When a new project is created or a new PLC added to a project, an empty Ladder program is automatically displayed on the right-hand side to the project workspace. The symbol table and Mnemonics view must be explicitly selected to be displayed. All views can be opened at the same time and can be selected via options associated with the Window menu. The Ladder program graphically represents the PLC power flow from left to right and the program sequence from top to bottom. PLC program instructions can be entered as a graphical representation in Ladder form. Programs can be created, edited and monitored in this view. Follow the examples provided to develop an understanding of the Diagram Workspace. Select the View Diagram button from the toolbar. The Ladder program window is displayed in the Diagram Workspace.
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The following items are standard features of the Ladder program area: Cursor. A rectangular block showing the current position within the rung. The location of the cursor is displayed in the status bar. Rung. A logical unit of a ladder program. A rung can encompass one or more rows and columns. All rungs are numbered. Bus-bars. The left bus-bar provides a graphical representation of the power supply bus-bar. The right bus-bar contains the output region: to align objects to the right bus-bar. The right bus-bar is selectable for display. If shown, the ladder rungs are justified so that the outputs of the rungs are organised along it. Grid Dots. Dots that display at the connection points of each cell. To display the grid, select the Grid button from the toolbar. Rung Margin Area. The area to the left of the Left bus-bar. The rung number and step number for each rung are shown here (rung number on the left).
Automatic Error Detection. A bar is displayed to the left of the currently selected rung area. As elements and instructions are added to the rung, the additions are automatically checked to see if they are valid. The colour of the bar indicates the validity of the program: red highlights an error, whilst green indicates a correct entry. In addition, elements of the text on the ladder are drawn in this error colour if a problem exists. The colour and display preferences of the above features can be amended by selecting Options from the Tools menu. More than one element in a rung can be selected by pressing the mouse button down on an element and, keeping the left-mouse button depressed, dragging a highlight over other elements in the rung. Selected elements can then be moved as a block.
Mnemonics View
The Mnemonics view is a formatted editor for programming in mnemonic instructions. This view is made up of a table of six columns containing the rung number, step number, instruction, operands, value and comment. Mnemonic instructions are a `low-level' view of a PLC program, whilst ladder is higher. Since the ladder program is just a higher level representation of the mnemonic instructions, it is possible to type in mnemonics and see the ladder program update. Select the View Mnemonics button from the toolbar. The Mnemonics view is displayed in the Diagram Workspace.
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1, 2, 3...
1. 2. 3.
To program in mnemonics, open the mnemonic view and place the cursor on the desired instruction. Press ENTER this will enter the editing mode. Edit or type the new instruction lines. A mnemonic instruction consists of an instruction name followed by a set of operands separated by spaces (e.g. `MOV #1 A2'). Either press ENTER to move to the next line, or press `down' or `up' on the keyboard to move to another line the updated line is still kept. The newly entered information is separated out over the columns in the table. When finished with editing, press `Esc' to come out of editing mode.
4.
5.
Whilst entering a program in the mnemonics view, the ladder view shows the instructions in the new rung as statement list. Once enough instructions have been entered to enable its drawing in ladder format it is redrawn. Instructions can be transferred to and from the Mnemonics view using the standard Microsoft Windows Cut or Copy and paste functions. For example, it is possible to paste a large amount of program from a text editor. Refer to Chapter 3 - Project Reference for further information.
Introducing Symbols and the Symbol Table
PLC addresses, which are used as operands in a PLC program, can be assigned a symbolic name and/or a comment for the purpose of reference during programming. An address with a name or comment is known as a Symbol. A symbol table is an editable list of symbol definitions the names, addresses and comments. This list also provides information on the following: Rack location. If the address is contained within the PLC IO table, this shows the address' rack location. Usage. If the address is contained within the PLC IO table, this shows the physical hardware type (i.e. `Input' or `Output') which is mapped to the address. If no hardware is mapped, `Work' is shown, meaning that the symbol is for general use.
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It is possible to indicate the physical format of the data that is stored at an address. This additional data typing facility enables CX-Programmer to check whether the address is used consistently within programs. In the symbol tables, an icon is shown next to a symbol that indicates its data type. The Data Type set is as follows:
Data Type BOOL CHANNEL Data Type Description Address of a binary bit - a logical Boolean on or off state. This type is typically used for contacts or coils. This is a special data type, for backward compatibility. It is an address (nonbit) to data of any type (unsigned or signed, one or more words), so can be used in place of any of the above data-types except NUMBER and BOOL. The data type is weak, and so checking is limited (e.g. CX-Programmer cannot check if the address is being used for BCD or binary values). Address of a signed, double binary word. Address of a signed, single binary word. Address of a signed, quad binary word. A literal numeric value - not an address. The value can be signed, or floating point. NUMBERs are used for any literal value or for timer/counter identifiers (for TIM/CNT, only unsigned integer values are allowed). Floating point values are only suitable within IEEE REAL type operands. Note: When used as BCD number operands, the value is treated as if it were entered in decimal with a `#' on the front. E.g. using a NUMBER `1234' is equivalent to typing `#1234' as the operand, so that the decimal interpretation is made of the value. The value of a NUMBER data type is assumed to be decimal, unless it is prefixed with '#' for a hexadecimal value. Note: NUMBERs entered in hexadecimal are converted to decimal for BCD operands (e.g. a NUMBER defined as `#10' will appear as `#16' for a BCD operand). Address of a double word floating point value (IEEE format - use the UDINT type for the BCD, FDIV format). Address of a long word floating point value (IEEE format - use the ULINT type for the BCD format). Address of an unsigned, double binary word. Address of an unsigned, double BCD word. Address of an unsigned, single binary word. Address of an unsigned, single BCD word Address of an unsigned, quad binary word. Address of an unsigned, quad BCD word. Icon
DINT INT LINT NUMBER
REAL LREAL UDINT UDINT_BCD UINT UINT_BCD ULINT ULINT_BCD
Each program within a PLC has a `local' symbol table that consists of symbols that are for use specifically in that program. Each PLC within a project has a `global' symbol table that consists of
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symbols that can be used in any of its programs. When a PLC is added to a project, its global symbol table is filled with a pre-set list of symbols, dependant upon PLC type. Each symbol name must be unique within its table. However, it is possible to use the same name in a local and a global table in this case, the local symbol takes precedence over the global symbol of the same name.
The symbol table allows these names to be entered and edited directly. Each symbol name must be unique. Use the following procedure to activate the symbol tables. 1, 2, 3... 1. Double-click on the symbol table object beneath the PLC in the project workspace. The global (i.e. PLC's) symbol table is displayed containing global symbols.
2.
Double-click on the symbol table object beneath a program in the project. The program's local symbol table is displayed.
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Using CX-Programmer
This chapter contains an example tutorial and also describes basic procedures which should be considered before performing any programming task on the computer and preparing ladder programs with CX-Programmer, and how to use the various tools to improve productivity. CX-Programmer offers many methods of working with its tools: in general, instructions are given for using the toolbar icon in the first instance. The following tutorial has been based on a CS1H PLC. The choice of PLC made here affects a number of other parameters that may need to be set up. For example, the CV-series requires setting up the IO table, and using the Settings object in the Project hierarchy to establish specific PLC characteristics. When planning a PLC programming project, various items need to be considered and set up within CXProgrammer before beginning to lay down program instructions. For example, it is important for CXProgrammer to know the model and configuration of the PLC to be programmed, so that it can establish the correct program checking and communications for that PLC. Programming should be targeted at the PLC that is to be used. It is possible to change the PLC type at any time - the program(s) are then converted. However, since the conversion may not be perfect, it is best to set the correct PLC type at the beginning. Before programming, it is recommended that a checklist of the important program aspects be constructed, including its structure and PLC parameters. To start a new project in CX-Programmer, follow these steps in addition to the basic procedure outlined in your PLC programming manual:
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Step Determine PLC essential parameters Determine allocation of PLC memory
Include PLC series, PLC type, CPU (where applicable), communications interface, choice of editor and project type. Where applicable. For example, C-series PLCs require working out the balance required between program memory and expansion data memory. PLC configuration data. List all related IO devices and addresses. Some C-series PLCs do not support this function. CX-Programmer offers two languages: ladder and mnemonic. A mixture may be used.
Determine PLC setup parameters Create appropriate IO Table Decide how to input and edit the program
Starting a New Project
Once the project requirements have been worked out on paper, the first step is to create a project and define the device entries for that project. A project can have multiple PLCs. CS1-series PLCs are multitasking and can therefore have more than one program associated with them in the project; CV-series PLCs and C-series PLCs can only have one program associated with the device. Use the following procedure to create a new project. 1, 2, 3... 1. 2. Select the New button from the toolbar. Define the device entries for the project. Refer to the CX-Server PLC Tools User Manual for further information. For this tutorial, set the PLC type as CS1G with CPU type CPU42. Save the project. Select the Save Project button from the toolbar. The Save CXProgrammer File dialogue is displayed. Type a valid file name in the File Name field. Select the Save pushbutton to save the new project. Select the Cancel pushbutton to abort the operation.
3. 4.
When a new PLC is added to a project, the following empty tables are created: Empty local symbol table; Global symbol table containing pre-set symbols; IO Table; PLC Memory data; PLC Settings data. The project workspace is populated with the contents of the newly created project and a Ladder program is displayed in the Diagram Workspace ready for programming to begin. A description of each object in the project hierarchy is provided in Chapter 4 - Reference. Within the Ladder program, the current position is indicated by a highlighted rectangular block, known as the cursor. Using the mouse or the arrow keys, the cursor can be positioned at any point within the diagram. An element can be placed at the current cursor position by either selecting it from the Insert menu, selecting it from the toolbar or by pressing its assigned shortcut key. An element can be placed in any empty grid position, or may overwrite a horizontal element.
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Task and program types depend on the PLC type, defined in the program properties. Use the following procedure to change properties for a program at any time. 1, 2, 3... 1. 2. 3. Click on the Program object in the project workspace. Select the Show Properties button from the toolbar. The Program Properties dialogue is displayed. Select a Task type setting from the Task Type field. Since this program is written for a cyclic task, set this to `Cyclic Task 00'. The icon to the left of the program name changes to reflect the task type, and the task number is shown on the right of the program name. Set the Operation Start setting so the program starts on PLC start-up.
4. Note:
Programs that have their tasks assignment set to "unassigned" are effectively excluded from the project. This means that the program will not be compiled or downloaded to the PLC.
Writing a Ladder Program
The following program sequences a set of traffic lights. The sequence is a standard British sequence of the following order: · · · Red light only; Red and Amber lights together; Green light only;
· Amber light only. Writing a ladder program consists of: · · · · · · · Creating symbols; Creating the ladder program; Compiling (automatically checking) the program; Transferring the program to and from a PLC; Comparing the program with the PLC program; Monitoring the program during execution; Performing an on-line edit (if necessary).
Creating Symbols An important step in creating a Ladder Program is the definition of those PLC data areas that are to be referenced by the program. It is possible to skip this step, and use addresses directly within the program. It is better, however, to create symbolic names for the addresses so that the programs become more readable and maintainable.
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Use the following procedure to create symbols. 1, 2, 3... 1. Click in the Diagram Window and select the View Local Symbols button from the toolbar. Select the New Symbol button from the toolbar. The Insert Symbol dialogue is displayed. Enter `AmberLight' in the Name field. Set the Address or value field to '10.01'. Leave the Data type field set to `BOOL' to indicate a bit (binary) value. Type `Prepare to go / stop' in the Comment field. Select the OK pushbutton to proceed.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Repeat this procedure for each of the other entries in the following table:
Name RedLight GreenLight RedLightTimer AmberLightTimer GreenLightTimer AmberOnlyTimer RedTimerDone AmberTimerDone GreenTimerDone AmberOnlyTimerDone TimeInterval Address 10.00 10.02 1 2 3 4 T0001 T0002 T0003 T0004 48 Data Type BOOL BOOL NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER NUMBER BOOL BOOL BOOL BOOL NUMBER Speed at which the sequence works (ticks). Stop. Go. Timer for the red light period. Timer for the amber light period. Timer for the green light period. Timer for the amber only period. Comment
Note:
It is important to use the standard form of addresses in CX-Programmer. Depending upon their defined type, addresses may have two components a channel and a bit number. In the above example, the symbol `RedLight' is defined as type `BOOL'. Entering the address `10' is interpreted by CX-Programmer as `0.10'. If it had been intended as bit zero at address 50, it would have been necessary to enter it as `5000' or (more easily) `50.00'. Symbols of NUMBER type have been used to indicate the timer numbers used in the PLC. Whilst it is possible to type numbers directly into the program `TIM' instruction operands, it is more readable to define symbols which can have a name and comment. CX-Programmer allows numbers to be defined as symbols, as well as addresses.
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Note:
It is possible to create symbols whilst creating the PLC programs when entering ladder contact/coil and instruction information. It is not necessary to use the symbol table to create symbols.
Creating a Ladder Program A PLC can be programmed using either the Ladder or Mnemonic programming languages. The Ladder program is created in the Diagram View of the Diagram Window. Use the following procedure to create a ladder program. 1, 2, 3... 1. 2. Ensure the Ladder program is displayed in the Diagram Workspace. Give the rung a comment by using the Properties box (move the cursor to the rung margin and access the properties box from the context menu. Note: A rung comment placeholder can be inserted into the compiled code (if the Include Comment Instructions property of the PLC is set), and the comment itself can then be saved to a file or file-card. All comments are saved in the project file. 3. Place a New Closed Contact at the start of the rung select the New Closed Contact button from the toolbar and click in the top left cell. The New Closed Contact dialogue is displayed. Select `AmberOnlyTimerDone' from the Name or Address list field and select the OK pushbutton. Note that the rung margin now shows a red mark down its side. This is to indicate that the rung is incomplete the marker bar shows whenever the rung has an error. Place an Instruction by selecting the New PLC Instruction button from the toolbar and clicking next to the Contact. The New Instruction dialogue is displayed. Enter the instruction `TIM' and the two operands to `RedLightTimer' and `TimeInterval', in the Operands field. Note: The value of the symbol `RedLightTimer' is used for the operand the number `1'. In CX-Programmer, it is necessary to use a NUMBER for the first operand of a TIM/CNT instruction. It is not allowed to use a timer/counter address (i.e. T001 is not allowed). 7. Select the OK pushbutton to accept the settings in the New Instruction dialogue. Note that the rung margin no longer shows a red mark down its side. There is no error within the rung. Give the instruction a comment by using the Properties box (place the cursor over the instruction title and bring up the properties). Enter the text `Red light on only' and press return.
4.
5. 6.
8.
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9.
Place a New Contact at the start of the next rung. (Either like before, or by moving the cursor to the start of the rung and using the Insert/Contact/Normally Open menu command, or by pressing the shortcut key displayed for that menu command usually `C'). The New Contact dialogue is displayed.
10. Select `RedTimerDone' from the Name or Address field and select the OK pushbutton. 12. Place an instruction next to the Contact and display the New Instruction dialogue. (Either like before, or by using the Insert/Instruction menu command, or by pressing the shortcut key for that command usually `I'). Enter the instruction `TIM' in the Instruction edit box. Enter the two operands `AmberLightTimer' and `TimeInterval' in the Operands field. 13. Select the OK pushbutton to accept the settings in the New Instruction dialogue. 14. Give the instruction a comment of `Red and amber lights on together'. 15. Place a New Contact at the start of the next rung to display the New Contact dialogue. 16. Select `AmberTimerDone' from the Name or value field and select the OK pushbutton. 17. Place an instruction next to the Contact and display the New Instruction dialogue. Enter the instruction `TIM' and the two operands `GreenLightTimer' and `TimeInterval' in the Operands field. 18. Select the OK pushbutton to accept the settings in the New Instruction dialogue. 19. Give the instruction the comment `Green light on only'. 20. Place a New Contact at the start of the next rung to display the New Contact dialogue. 21. Select `GreenTimerDone' from the Name or value field and select the OK pushbutton. 22. Place an instruction next to the Contact and display the New Instruction dialogue. Enter the instruction 'TIM' and the two operands `AmberOnlyTimer' and `TimeInterval' in the Operands field. 23. Select the OK pushbutton to accept the settings in the New Instruction dialogue. 24. Give the instruction a comment of `Amber light on only'. The Ladder Program should resemble that illustrated (depending upon the display options chosen).
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Use the following procedure to place an output for each of the traffic lights into the program. 1, 2, 3... 1. 2. Ensure the Ladder program is displayed in the Diagram Workspace. Place a New Contact at the start of the next rung and assign it to symbol `RedTimerDone' (select the symbol name in the `Name or address' list of the New Contact dialogue. Place a New Closed Contact to the right of the Red and Amber Timer and assign it to symbol `GreenTimerDone'. Place a Coil by selecting the New Coil button from the toolbar next to the Green Light Timer. Select `RedLight' from the Name and Address field and select the OK pushbutton. On the next rung below, place a contact to the left. `AmberTimerDone'. Assign it to use
3. 4.
5.
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6. 7. 8. 9.
To the right of the contact, place a closed contact, and assign it to `GreenTimerDone'. To the right of the second contact, place a coil and assign it to `RedLight'. On the next rung, place a contact on the left, and assign it to `AmberTimerDone'. To the right of the contact, place a closed contact and assign it to `GreenTimerDone'.
10. To the right of the second contact, place a coil and assign it to `AmberLight'. 11. Press return when the selected cell is on the right of the rung. This will create a new line. 12. Below the left `AmberTimerDone' contact (but on the same rung), place a New Closed Contact and assign it to the symbol `RedTimerDone'. 13. Place a new Vertical by selecting the New Vertical button from the toolbar between the `GreenTimerDone' Contact and the `AmberLight' Coil. Connect this to the `RedTimerDone' by placing New Horizontal connections to join to the Vertical by selecting the New Horizontal button from the toolbar. 14. Place a New Contact at the start of the next rung and assign it to symbol `GreenTimerDone' via the New Contact dialogue. 9. Place a Coil next to the contact and assign it to symbol `GreenLight'.
10. Place an Instruction on the next rung of type `END' via the New Instruction dialogue. The output rungs of the Ladder program should resemble those shown below.
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Use the following procedure to examine the ladder program. 1, 2, 3... 1. 2. Ensure the Ladder program is displayed in the Diagram Workspace. Switch to symbol table by selecting the View Local Symbols button from the toolbar. Open the Address Reference Tool by selecting the Show Address Reference Tool button from the toolbar. Examine each symbol's usage in the program by selecting a symbol whilst displaying the Address Reference Tool, or moving around the diagram with the cursor.
3.
The Ladder Program can also be viewed and edited in Mnemonics view. Block Programs can be entered in either Mnemonics view or by showing a rung in statement list within the ladder editor.. Select the View Mnemonics button from the toolbar to display the Mnemonics view. To enter mnemonics directly into the ladder editor, select View as Statement List for the relevant rung. Compiling the Program The program undergoes continual verification during its creation and any subsequent editing; this applies to both on-line and offline programming. Errors appear in red in the ladder diagram. If a rung contains an error, a red line appears down the left-hand side of the Ladder rung. This can happen, for example, when has element has been placed on the diagram window but has not been assigned a symbol or address. Use the following procedure to compile the program. 1, 2, 3... 1. To list any errors in the program, click the right-mouse button and select the Compile Program button from the toolbar. The output (for example, compilation progress or error details) is displayed in the Compile tab of the Output Window.
Downloading the Program to a PLC The project contains details of the type and model of the PLC for which the program is intended. Before a program can be downloaded, this information should be reviewed to ensure that it is correct and that it matches the PLC actually being used. The appropriate communications interface type should also be selected for the connected PLC. Other parameters, for example PLC Setup may need to be specified before connecting to the PLC and running a program. Refer to Chapter 4 - Reference and to the CXServer PLC Tools User Manual concerning the definition of the project's IO Table, PLC Settings, Memory Card and Error Log. Use the following procedure to transfer the program to the PLC. 1, 2, 3... 1. Save the current project by selecting the Save Project button from the toolbar. If the project has not been saved before, the Save CX-Programmer File dialogue is displayed. Enter a file name in the File name field and select the Save pushbutton to complete the save operation.
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2.
Connect to the PLC by selecting the Work On-line button from the toolbar. A confirmation dialogue is displayed: select the Yes pushbutton to connect. Since ordinary editing is not allowed when on-line, the program becomes greyed. Select the program object in the project workspace. Set the PLC operating mode to Program by selecting the Program Mode button from the toolbar. If this step is ignored, CX-Programmer automatically places the PLC in this mode. Select the Download button from the toolbar. The Download Options dialogue is displayed. Set the Programs field and select the OK pushbutton.
3. 4.
5. 6.
Uploading the Program from a PLC Use the following procedure to transfer the program from the PLC. 1, 2, 3... 1. 2. Select the PLC object in the project workspace. Select the Upload button from the toolbar. The first program in the project tree is compiled. If the PLC is offline, a confirmation dialogue is displayed: Select the Yes pushbutton to connect to the PLC. The Upload Options dialogue is displayed. Set the Programs field and select the OK pushbutton.
3.
Comparing the Project Program/s with the PLC Program/s A project program can be compared with the program in the PLC. Use the following procedure to compare the project program and the program on the PLC. 1, 2, 3... 1. 2. 3. Select the PLC object in the project workspace. Select the Compare with PLC button from the toolbar. The Compare Options dialogue is displayed. Set the Programs field and select the OK pushbutton. The Compare dialogue is displayed.
Details regarding comparisons between computer and PLC programs are displayed in the Compile tab of the Output Window.
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Monitoring a Program During Execution Once the program has been downloaded, it can be monitored in the Diagram Workspace (which acts a mimic display) during execution. Use the following procedure to monitor the program. 1, 2, 3... 1. 2. 3. Note: Note: Select the PLC object the project workspace. Select the Toggle PLC Monitoring button from the toolbar. As the program executes, data and power-flow can be followed in the Ladder program; for example, connections are selected and values are incremented.
Individual PLC data elements can be monitored via the Watch Window. This window allows monitoring of addresses from multiple PLCs at the same time. The values are monitored in a format according to the data-type of the symbol which is being used for the operand, or the dat