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CanScan




OWNER'S
MANUAL
The Easiest
And Best Way
To Troubleshoot
1996 and
Newer OBD2
Vehicles!
Table of Contents www.autoobdtools.com
Introduction ...................................................................................................................................2

You Can Do It! ...............................................................................................................................3

Safety Precautions.......................................................................................................................4

SAFETY FIRST! ............................................................................................................................4

About the CanScan......................................................................................................................6

VEHICLES COVERED .................................................................................................................6

BATTERY REPLACEMENT..........................................................................................................7

ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS ................................................................................................7

CanScan Controls ........................................................................................................................9

CONTROLS AND INDICATORS ..................................................................................................9

DISPLAY FUNCTIONS............................................................................................................... 11

Onboard Diagnostics ................................................................................................................12

COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS ...........................................................................................12

OBD 2 Terminology ....................................................................................................................16

DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) ................................................................................18

Preparation for Testing.............................................................................................................20

BEFORE YOU BEGIN................................................................................................................20

Using the CanScan ....................................................................................................................21

CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE ............................................................................................21

ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs) ...............................................................27




D900 CanScan 1
Introduction
WHAT IS OBD?
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Introduction
WHAT IS OBD?
The D900 CanScan is designed to work on all OBD 2 compliant vehicles.
All 1996 and newer vehicles (cars, light trucks and SUVs) sold in the
United States are OBD 2 compliant.
One of the most exciting improvements in
the automobile industry was the addition of
on-board diagnostics (OBD) on vehicles, or
in more basic terms, the computer that
activates the vehicle's "CHECK ENGINE"
light. OBD 1 was designed to monitor
manufacturer-specific systems on vehicles
built from 1981 to 1995. Then came the
development of OBD 2, which is on all 1996
and newer vehicles sold in the U.S. Like its predecessor, OBD 2 was adopted
as part of a government mandate to lower vehicle emissions. But what makes
OBD 2 unique is its universal application for all late model cars and trucks ­
domestic and import. This sophisticated program in the vehicle's main
computer system is designed to detect failures in a range of systems, and can
be accessed through a universal OBD 2 port, which is usually found under the
dashboard. For all OBD systems, if a problem is found, the computer turns on
the "CHECK ENGINE" light to warn the driver, and sets a Diagnostic Trouble
Code (DTC) to identify where the problem occurred. A special diagnostic tool,
such as the D900 CanScan, is required to retrieve these codes, which
consumers and professionals use as a starting point for repairs.


To learn more about vehicle Computer Control Systems and OBD 2,
see COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS on page 12.




D900 CanScan 2
You Can Do It!
EASY TO USE - EASY TO VIEW
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You Can Do It!
Easy To Use ....
Connect the CanScan to the vehicle's test
connector.
Turn the ignition key "On."
Press the LINK button.




Easy To View ....
The CanScan retrieves stored codes,
Freeze Frame data and I/M Readiness
status.
Codes, I/M Readiness status and Freeze
Frame data are displayed on the
CanScan's LCD display screen. System
status is indicated by LED indicators.



Easy To Define ....
Read code definitions from the
CanScan's LCD display.
View Freeze Frame data.




D900 CanScan 3
Safety Precautions
SAFETY FIRST!
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Safety Precautions
SAFETY FIRST!

To avoid personal injury, instrument damage and/or damage to
your vehicle; do not use the CAN OBD2 Code Reader before
reading this manual.

This manual describes common test procedures used by
experienced service technicians. Many test procedures require
precautions to avoid accidents that can result in personal injury,
and/or damage to your vehicle or test equipment. Always read your
vehicle's service manual and follow its safety precautions before and
during any test or service procedure. ALWAYS observe the following
general safety precautions:
When an engine is running, it produces carbon monoxide, a
toxic and poisonous gas. To prevent serious injury or death
from carbon monoxide poisoning, operate the vehicle ONLY
in a well-ventilated area.
To protect your eyes from propelled objects as well as hot
or caustic liquids, always wear approved safety eye
protection.
When an engine is running, many parts (such as the coolant
fan, pulleys, fan belt etc.) turn at high speed. To avoid
serious injury, always be aware of moving parts. Keep a
safe distance from these parts as well as other potentially
moving objects.
Engine parts become very hot when the engine is running.
To prevent severe burns, avoid contact with hot engine
parts.
Before starting an engine for testing or trouble-shooting,
make sure the parking brake is engaged. Put the
transmission in park (for automatic transmission) or neutral
(for manual transmission). Block the drive wheels with
suitable blocks.
Connecting or disconnecting test equipment when the
ignition is ON can damage test equipment and the vehicle's
electronic components. Turn the ignition OFF before
connecting the CanScan to or disconnecting the CanScan
from the vehicle's Data Link Connector (DLC).



D900 CanScan 4
Safety Precautions
SAFETY FIRST!
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To prevent damage to the on-board computer when taking
vehicle electrical measurements, always use a digital
multimeter with at least 10 megOhms of impedance.
Fuel and battery vapors are highly flammable. To pre-vent
an explosion, keep all sparks, heated items and open
flames away from the battery and fuel / fuel vapors. DO
NOT SMOKE NEAR THE VEHICLE DUR-ING TESTING.
Don't wear loose clothing or jewelry when working on an
engine. Loose clothing can become caught in the fan,
pulleys, belts, etc. Jewelry is highly conductive, and can
cause a severe burn if it makes contact between a power
source and ground.




D900 CanScan 5
About the Code Reader www.autoobdtools.com
VEHICLES COVERED / BATTERY REPLACEMENT


About the CanScan
VEHICLES COVERED
The D900 CanScan is designed to work on all OBD 2 compliant vehicles. All
1996 and newer vehicles (cars and light trucks) sold in the United States are
OBD 2 compliant.
Federal law requires that all 1996 and newer cars and light trucks
sold in the United States must be OBD 2 compliant; this includes all
Domestic, Asian and European vehicles.
Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles are OBD 2 compliant. To find out if a 1994 or
1995 vehicle is OBD 2 compliant, check the following:
1. The Vehicle Emissions Control Information (VECI) Label. This label is
located under the hood or by the radiator of most vehicles. If the vehicle is
OBD 2 compliant, the label will state "OBD II Certified."




2. Government Regulations require that all
OBD 2 compliant vehicles must have a
"common" sixteen-pin Data Link Connector
(DLC).

Some 1994 and 1995 vehicles have 16-pin connectors but are not
OBD 2 compliant. Only those vehicles with a Vehicle Emissions
Control Label stating "OBD II Certified" are OBD 2 compliant.




D900 CanScan 6
About the Code Reader www.autoobdtools.com
VEHICLES COVERED / BATTERY REPLACEMENT


Data Link Connector (DLC) Location

The 16-pin DLC is usually located under the
instrument panel (dash), within 12 inches
(300 mm) of center of the panel, on the
driver's side of most vehicles. It should be
easily accessible and visible from a kneeling
position outside the vehicle with the door
open.



On some Asian and European vehicles the DLC is located behind
the "ashtray" (the ashtray must be removed to access it) or on the
far left corner of the dash. If the DLC cannot be located, consult the
vehicle's service manual for the location.




BATTERY REPLACEMENT

1. Locate the battery cover on the back of the CanScan.
2. Slide the battery cover off (use your fingers).
3. Replace batteries with three AA-size batteries (for longer life, use
Alkaline-type batteries).
4. Reinstall the battery cover on the back of the CanScan.


ADJUSTMENTS AND SETTINGS

To enter the MENU Mode:

1. Press and hold the UP button, then press
and release the POWER/LINK button.
The adjustments and setting MENU
displays.

2. DO NOT release the UP button until the
adjustments and settings MENU is visible on
the display.
3. Make adjustments and settings as described in the following paragraphs.



D900 CanScan 7
About the Code Reader www.autoobdtools.com
VEHICLES COVERED / BATTERY REPLACEMENT

Adjusting Display Brightness

1. Use the UP and DOWN buttons, as
necessary, to highlight Adjust Brightness in
the MENU, then press the ENTER/FF
button.
The Adjust Brightness screen displays.
The Brightness field shows the current
brightness setting, from 1 to 10.

2. Press the UP button to decrease the brightness of the LCD display (make
the display darker)

3. Press the DOWN button to increase the brightness of the LCD display
(make the display lighter).

4. When the desired brightness is obtained, press the ENTER/FF button to
save your changes and return to the MENU.



Exiting the MENU Mode

1. Use the UP and DOWN buttons, as necessary, to highlight Menu Exit
in the MENU, then press the ENTER/FF button.
The LCD display returns to the DTC screen.
Changes made to Brightness will remain in the CanScan's memory
as long as the batteries are not removed. If the batteries are
removed (or go dead), the settings will be lost from the CanScan's
memory, and they must be reset again.




D900 CanScan 8
Code Reader Controls
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
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CanScan Controls
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS




Figure 1. Controls and Indicators


See Figure 1 for the locations of items 1 through 11, below.

1. ERASE button - Erases Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs), and
"Freeze Frame" data from your vehicle's computer, and resets Monitor status.

2. DTC SCROLL button - Displays the DTC View screen and/or scrolls
the LCD display to view DTCs when more than one DTC is present.

3. POWER/LINK button - When the CanScan IS NOT connected to a
vehicle, turns the CanScan "On" and "Off". When the CanScan is connected
to a vehicle, links the CanScan to the vehicle's PCM to retrieve diagnostic data
from the computer's memory.

4. ENTER/FREEZE FRAME button - When in MENU mode, confirms
the selected option or value. When retrieving and viewing DTCs, displays
Freeze Frame data for the highest priority code.


D900 CanScan 9
Code Reader Controls
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
5.
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DOWN button - When in MENU mode, scrolls DOWN through the
menu and submenu selection options. When retrieving and viewing DTCs,
scrolls down through the current display screen to display any additional data.

6. UP button - When in MENU mode, scrolls UP through the menu and
submenu selection options. When retrieving and viewing DTCs, scrolls ups
through the current display screen to display any additional data.
7. GREEN LED - Indicates that all engine systems are running normally (all
Monitors on the vehicle are active and performing their diagnostic testing, and
no DTCs are present).
8. YELLOW LED - Indicates there is a possible problem. A "Pending" DTC is
present and/or some of the vehicle's emission monitors have not run their
diagnostic testing.
9. RED LED - Indicates there is a problem in one or more of the vehicle's
systems. The red LED is also used to show that DTC(s) are present. DTCs are
shown on the CanScan's LCD display. In this case, the Multifunction Indicator
("Check Engine") lamp on the vehicle's instrument panel will light steady on.
10. LCD Display - Displays settings Menu and submenus, test results,
CanScan functions. See DISPLAY FUNCTIONS, on next page, for more
details.
11. CABLE - Connects the CanScan to the vehicle's Data Link Connector
(DLC).




D900 CanScan 10
Code Reader Controls
DISPLAY FUNCTIONS
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DISPLAY FUNCTIONS




Figure 2. Display Functions
See Figure 2 for the locations of items 1 through 6, below.
1. Test Data Display Area - Displays DTC definitions, and other pertinent test
information messages.
2. DTC Display Area - Displays the Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) number.
Each fault is assigned a code number that is specific to that fault.
3. Code Number Sequence - The CanScan assigns a sequence number to
each DTC that is present in the computer's memory, starting with "1." This
number indicates which code is currently displayed. Code number "1" is
always the highest priority code.
4. Code Enumerator - Indicates the total number of codes retrieved from the
vehicle's computer.
5. Vehicle icon / Link icon / Internal Battery icon
Vehicle icon - Indicates whether or not the CanScan is being properly
powered through the vehicle's Data Link Connector (DLC). A visible icon
indicates that the CanScan is being powered through the vehicle's DLC
connector.
Link icon - Indicates whether or not the CanScan is communicating
(linked) with the vehicle's on-board computer. When visible, the CanScan is
communicating with the computer. If the Link icon is not visible, the CanScan is
not communicating with the computer.
CanScan Internal Battery icon - When visible, indicates the CanScan
batteries are "low" and should be replaced.
6. PENDING icon - Indicates the currently displayed DTC is a "Pending" code.




D900 CanScan 11
Onboard Diagnostics
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
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Onboard Diagnostics
COMPUTER ENGINE CONTROLS

The Introduction of Electronic Engine Controls

Electronic Computer Control Systems make it possible for
vehicle manufacturers to comply with the tougher emissions and
fuel efficiency standards mandated by State and Federal
G

As a result of increased air pollution (smog) in large cities, such as Los
Angeles, the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set new regulations and air
pollution standards to deal with the problem. To further complicate matters,
the energy crisis of the early 1970s caused a sharp increase in fuel prices
over a short period. As a result, vehicle manufacturers were not only
required to comply with the new emissions standards, they also had to make
their vehicles more fuel-efficient. Most vehicles were required to meet a
miles-per-gallon (MPG) standard set by the U.S. Federal Government.
Precise fuel delivery and spark timing are needed to reduce vehicle emissions.
Mechanical engine controls in use at the time (such as ignition points,
mechanical spark advance and the carburetor) responded too slowly to driving
conditions to properly control fuel delivery and spark timing. This made it
difficult for vehicle manufacturers to meet the new standards.
A new Engine Control System had to be designed and integrated with the
engine controls to meet the stricter standards. The new system had to:
Respond instantly to supply the proper mixture of air and fuel for any
driving condition (idle, cruising, low-speed driving, high-speed driving,
etc.).
Calculate instantly the best time to "ignite" the air/fuel mixture for maximum
engine efficiency.
Perform both these tasks without affecting vehicle performance or fuel
economy.
Vehicle Computer Control Systems can perform millions of calculations each
second. This makes them an ideal substitute for the slower mechanical engine
controls. By switching from mechanical to electronic engine controls, vehicle
manufacturers are able to control fuel delivery and spark timing more precisely.
Some newer Computer Control Systems also provide control over other
vehicle functions, such as transmission, brakes, charging, body, and
suspension systems.


D900 CanScan 12
Onboard Diagnostics
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
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The Basic Engine Computer Control System
The Computer Control System consists of an on-board computer
and several related control devices (sensors, switches, and
actuators).



The on-board computer is the heart of the Computer Control System. The
computer contains several programs with preset reference values for air/fuel
ratio, spark or ignition timing, injector pulse width, engine speed, etc. Separate
values are provided for various driving conditions, such as idle, low speed
driving, high-speed driving, low load, or high load. The preset reference values
represent the ideal air/fuel mixture, spark timing, transmission gear selection,
etc., for any driving condition. These values are programmed by the vehicle
manufacturer, and are specific to each vehicle model.
Most on-board computers are located inside the vehicle behind the dashboard,
under the passenger's or driver's seat, or behind the right kick panel. However,
some manufacturers may still position it in the engine compartment.
Vehicle sensors, switches, and actuators are located throughout the engine,
and are connected by electrical wiring to the on-board computer. These
devices include oxygen sensors, coolant temperature sensors, throttle position
sensors, fuel injectors, etc. Sensors and switches are input devices. They
provide signals representing current engine operating conditions to the
computer. Actuators are output devices. They perform actions in response to
commands received from the computer.
The on-board computer receives information inputs from sensors and switches
located throughout the engine. These devices monitor critical engine
conditions such as coolant temperature, engine speed, engine load, throttle
position, air/fuel ratio etc.




D900 CanScan 13
Onboard Diagnostics
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
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The computer compares the values received from these sensors with its preset
reference values, and makes corrective actions as needed so that the sensor
values always match the preset reference values for the current driving
condition. The computer makes adjustments by commanding other devices
such as the fuel injectors, idle air control, EGR valve or Ignition Module to
perform these actions.
Vehicle operating conditions are constantly changing. The computer
continuously makes adjustments or corrections (especially to the air/fuel
mixture and spark timing) to keep all the engine systems operating within the
preset reference values.

On-Board Diagnostics - First Generation (OBD 1)

The Computer Control System consists of an on-board computer
and several related control devices (sensors, switches, and
actuators).


Beginning in 1988, California's Air Resources Board (CARB), and
later the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) required vehicle
manufacturers to include a self-diagnostic program in their on-board
computers. The pro-gram would be capable of identifying
emissions-related faults in a system. The first generation of Onboard
Diagnostics came to be known as OBD 1.


OBD 1 is a set of self-testing and diagnostic instructions programmed into the
vehicle's on-board computer. The programs are specifically designed to detect
failures in the sensors, actuators, switches and wiring of the various vehicle
missions-related systems. If the computer detects a failure in any of these
components or systems, it lights an indicator on the dashboard to alert the
driver. The indicator lights only when an emissions-related problem is
detected.
The computer also assigns a numeric code for each specific problem that it
detects, and stores these codes in its memory for later retrieval. These codes
can be retrieved from the computer's memory with the use of a "CanScan" or a
"Scan Tool."




D900 CanScan 14
Onboard Diagnostics
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
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On-Board Diagnostics - Second Generation (OBD 2)

In addition to performing all the functions
of the OBD 1 System, the OBD 2 System The OBD 2 System is
has been enhanced with new Diagnostic an enhancement of the
Programs. These programs closely OBD 1 System.
monitor the functions of various
emissions-related components and systems (as well as other systems)
and make this information readily available (with the proper equipment)
to the technician for evaluation.
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) conducted studies on
OBD 1 equipped vehicles. The information that was gathered from
these studies showed the following:
A large number of vehicles had deteriorating or degraded
emissions-related components. These components were causing an
increase in emissions.
Because OBD 1 systems only detect failed components, the degraded
components were not setting codes.
Some emissions problems related to degraded components only occur
when the vehicle is being driven under a load. The emission checks being
conducted at the time were not performed under simulated driving
conditions. As a result, a significant number of vehicles with degraded
components were passing Emissions Tests.
Codes, code definitions, diagnostic connectors, communication protocols
and emissions terminology were different for each manufacturer. This
caused confusion for the technicians working on different make and model
vehicles.
To address the problems made evident by this study, CARB and the EPA
passed new laws and standardization requirements. These laws required that
vehicle manufacturers to equip their new vehicles with devices capable of
meeting all of the new emissions standards and regulations. It was also
decided that an enhanced on-board diagnostic system, capable of addressing
all of these problems, was needed. This new system is known as "On-Board
Diagnostics Generation Two (OBD 2)." The primary objective of the OBD 2
system is to comply with the latest regulations and emissions standards
established by CARB and the EPA.
The Main Objectives of the OBD 2 System are:
To detect degraded and/or failed emissions-related components or
systems that could cause tailpipe emissions to exceed by 1.5 times the
Federal Test Procedure (FTP) standard.


D900 CanScan 15
Onboard Diagnostics
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
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To expand emissions-related system monitoring. This includes a set of
computer run diagnostics called Monitors. Monitors perform diagnostics
and testing to verify that all emissions-related components and/or systems
are operating correctly and within the manufacturer's specifications.
To use a standardized Diagnostic Link Connector (DLC) in all vehicles.
(Before OBD 2, DLCs were of different shapes and sizes.)
To standardize the code numbers, code definitions and language used to
describe faults. (Before OBD 2, each vehicle manufacturer used their own
code numbers, code definitions and language to describe the same faults.)
To expand the operation of the Malfunction Indicator Lamp (MIL).
To standardize communication procedures and protocols between the
diagnostic equipment (Scan Tools, CanScans, etc.) and the vehicle's
on-board computer.




OBD 2 Terminology

The following terms and their definitions are related to OBD 2 systems. Read
and reference this list as needed to aid in the understanding of OBD 2
systems.
Powertrain Control Module (PCM) - The PCM is the OBD 2 accepted
term for the vehicle's "on-board computer." In addition to controlling the
engine management and emissions systems, the PCM also participates in
controlling the powertrain (transmission) operation. Most PCMs also have
the ability to communicate with other computers on the vehicle (ABS, ride
control, body, etc.).
Monitor - Monitors are "diagnostic routines" programmed into the PCM.
The PCM utilizes these programs to run diagnostic tests, and to monitor
operation of the vehicle's emissions-related components or systems to
ensure they are operating correctly and within the vehicle's manufacturer
specifications. Currently, up to eleven Monitors are used in OBD 2 systems.
Additional Monitors will be added as the OBD 2 system is further
developed.
Not all vehicles support all eleven Monitors.


Enabling Criteria - Each Monitor is designed to test and monitor the
operation of a specific part of the vehicle's emissions system (EGR system,
oxygen sensor, catalytic converter, etc.). A specific set of "conditions" or
"driving procedures" must be met before the computer can command a
Monitor to run tests on its related system. These "conditions" are known as

D900 CanScan 16
Onboard Diagnostics
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
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"Enabling Criteria." The requirements and procedures vary for each
Monitor. Some Monitors only require the ignition key to be turned "On" for
them to run and complete their diagnostic testing. Others may require a set
of complex procedures, such as, starting the vehicle when cold, bringing it
to operating temperature, and driving the vehicle under specific conditions
before the Monitor can run and complete its diagnostic testing.
Monitor Has/Has Not Run - The terms "Monitor has run" or "Monitor has
not run" are used throughout this manual. "Monitor has run," means the
PCM has commanded a particular Monitor to perform the required
diagnostic testing on a system to ensure the system is operating correctly
(within factory specifications). The term "Monitor has not run" means the
PCM has not yet commanded a particular Monitor to perform diagnostic
testing on its associated part of the emissions system.
Trip - A Trip for a particular Monitor requires that the vehicle is being
driven in such a way that all the required "Enabling Criteria" for the Monitor
to run and complete its diagnostic testing are met. The "Trip Drive Cycle"
for a particular Monitor begins when the ignition key is turned "On." It is
successfully completed when all the "Enabling Criteria" for the Monitor to
run and complete its diagnostic testing are met by the time the ignition key
is turned "Off." Since each of the eleven monitors is designed to run
diagnostics and testing on a different part of the engine or emissions
system, the "Trip Drive Cycle" needed for each individual Monitor to run
and complete varies.
OBD 2 Drive Cycle - An OBD 2 Drive Cycle is an extended set of driving
procedures that takes into consideration the various types of driving
conditions encountered in real life. These conditions may include starting
the vehicle when it is cold, driving the vehicle at a steady speed (cruising),
accelerating, etc. An OBD 2 Drive Cycle begins when the ignition key is
turned "On" (when cold) and ends when the vehicle has been driven in
such a way as to have all the "Enabling Criteria" met for all its applicable
Monitors. Only those trips that provide the Enabling Criteria for all Monitors
applicable to the vehicle to run and complete their individual diagnostic
tests qualify as an OBD 2 Drive Cycle. OBD 2 Drive Cycle requirements
vary from one model of vehicle to another. Vehicle manufacturers set
these procedures. Consult your vehicle's service manual for OBD 2 Drive
Cycle procedures.
Do not confuse a "Trip" Drive Cycle with an OBD 2 Drive Cycle. A
"Trip" Drive Cycle provides the "Enabling Criteria" for one specific
Monitor to run and complete its diagnostic testing. An OBD 2 Drive
Cycle must meet the "Enabling Criteria" for all Monitors on a
particular vehicle to run and complete their diagnostic testing.
Warm-up Cycle - Vehicle operation after an engine off period where
engine temperature rises at least 40°F (22°C) from its temperature before
starting, and reaches at least 160°F (70°C). The PCM uses warm-up

D900 CanScan 17
Onboard Diagnostics
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
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cycles as a counter to automatically erase a specific code and related data
from its memory. When no faults related to the original problem are
detected within a specified number of warm-up cycles, the code is erased
automatically.


DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)

Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) are meant
to guide you to the proper service procedure Diagnostic Trouble
in the vehicle's service manual. DO NOT Codes (DTCs) are
replace parts based only on DTCs without codes that identify a
first consulting the vehicle's service manual specific problem area.
for proper testing procedures for that
particular system, circuit or component. DTCs
are alphanumeric codes that are used to identify a problem that is
present in any of the systems that are monitored by the on-board
computer (PCM). Each trouble code has an assigned message that
identifies the circuit, component or system area where the problem was
found.
OBD 2 diagnostic trouble codes are made up of five characters:
The 1st character is a letter. It identifies the "main system" where the fault
occurred (Body, Chassis, Powertrain, or Network).
The 2nd character is a numeric digit. It identifies the "type" of code
(Generic or Manufacturer-Specific).
Generic DTCs are codes that are used by all vehicle manufacturers.
The standards for generic DTCs, as well as their definitions, are set
by the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE).
Manufacturer-Specific DTCs are codes that are controlled by the
vehicle manufacturers. The Federal Government does not require
vehicle manufacturers to go beyond the standardized generic DTCs
in order to comply with the new OBD2 emissions standards.
However, manufacturers are free to expand beyond the
standardized codes to make their systems easier to diagnose.
The 3rd character is a numeric digit. It identifies the specific sys-tem or
sub-system where the problem is located.
The 4th and 5th characters are numeric digits. They identify the section of
the system that is malfunctioning.




D900 CanScan 18
Onboard Diagnostics
DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)
www.autoobdtools.com
BD 2 DTC EXAMPLE

P0201 - Injector Circuit Malfunction, Cylinder 1




D900 CanScan 19
Preparation for Testing
BEFORE YOU BEGIN
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Preparation for Testing
BEFORE YOU BEGIN
The D900 CanScan aids in monitoring
electronic and emissions-related faults in
your vehicle and retrieving fault codes
related to malfunctions in these systems.
Mechanical problems such as low oil level or
damaged hoses, wiring or electrical connectors can cause poor engine
performance and may also cause a "false" fault code. Fix any known
mechanical problems before performing any test. See your vehicle's service
manual or a mechanic for more information.
Check the following areas before starting any test:
Check the engine oil, power steering fluid, transmission fluid (if applicable),
engine coolant and other fluids for proper levels. Top off low fluid levels if
needed.
Make sure the air filter is clean and in good condition. Make sure all air
filter ducts are properly connected. Check the air filter ducts for holes, rips
or cracks.
Make sure all engine belts are in good condition. Check for cracked, torn,
brittle, loose or missing belts.
Make sure mechanical linkages to engine sensors (throttle, gearshift
position, transmission, etc.) are secure and properly connected. See your
vehicle's service manual for locations.
Check all rubber hoses (radiator) and steel hoses (vacuum/fuel) for leaks,
cracks, blockage or other damage. Make sure all hoses are routed and
connected properly.
Make sure all spark plugs are clean and in good condition. Check for
damaged, loose, disconnected or missing spark plug wires.
Make sure the battery terminals are clean and tight. Check for corrosion or
broken connections. Check for proper battery and charging system
voltages.
Check all electrical wiring and harnesses for proper connection. Make sure
wire insulation is in good condition, and there are no bare wires.
Make sure the engine is mechanically sound. If needed, perform a
compression check, engine vacuum check, timing check (if applicable),
etc.



D900 CanScan 20
Using the Code Reader
CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE
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Using the CanScan
CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE

Retrieving and using Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) for
troubleshooting vehicle operation is only one part of an overall
diagnostic strategy.


Never replace a part based only on the DTC definition. Each DTC has a
set of testing procedures, instructions and flow charts that must be
followed to confirm the location of the problem. This information is
found in the vehicle's service manual. Always refer to the vehicle's
service manual for detailed testing instructions.
Check your vehicle thoroughly before performing any test. See
Preparation for Testing on page 20 for details.
ALWAYS observe safety precautions whenever working on a
vehicle. See Safety Precautions on page 4 for more information.
1. Turn the ignition off.
2. Locate the vehicle's 16-pin Data Link Connector
(DLC). See page 6 for connector location.
Some DLCs have a plastic cover that
must be removed before connecting the CanScan cable connector.
If the CanScan is ON, turn it OFF by pressing the POWER/LINK
button BEFORE connecting the CanScan to the DLC.


3. Connect the CanScan cable connector to the vehicle's
DLC. The cable connector is keyed and will only fit one way.
If you have problems connecting the cable connector to
the DLC, rotate the connector 180° and try again.
If you still have problems, check the DLC on the vehicle
and on the CanScan. Refer to your vehicle's service manual to properly
check the vehicle's DLC.




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CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE
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4. When the CanScan's cable connector is
properly connected to the vehicle's DLC, the
unit automatically turns ON, and the LCD
display shows instructions for linking to the
vehicle's on-board computer.


If the unit does not power on automatically
when connected to the vehicle's DLC connector, it usually indicates there
is no power present at the vehicle's DLC connector. Check your fuse panel
and replace any burned-out fuses.
If replacing the fuse(s) does not correct the problem, consult your vehicle's
repair manual to identify the proper computer (PCM) fuse/ circuit, and
perform any necessary repairs before proceeding.
5. Turn the ignition on. DO NOT start the engine.
6. Press and release the CanScan's POWER/LINK button.
The CanScan will automatically start a
check of the vehicle's computer to
determine which type of communication
protocol it is using. When the CanScan
identifies the computer's communication
protocol, a communication link is
established. The protocol type used by the
vehicle's computer is shown on the LCD
display.
A PROTOCOL is a set of rules and procedures for regulating data
transmission between computers, and between testing equipment
and computers. As of this writing, five different types of protocols
(ISO 914, Keyword 2000, J1850 PWM, 1850 VPW and CAN) are in
use by vehicle manufacturers. The CanScan automatically identifies
the protocol type and establishes a communication link with the
vehicle's computer.
7. After approximately 4~5 seconds, the CanScan will retrieve and display
any Diagnostic Trouble Codes retrieved from the vehicle's computer memory.
If the CanScan fails to link to the vehicle's
computer a "Linking Failed" message
shows on the CanScan's LCD display.
- Verify the connection at the DLC: and
verify the ignition is ON.
- Turn the ignition OFF, wait 5 seconds,


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Using the Code Reader
CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE
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then turn back ON to reset the computer.
- Ensure your vehicle is OBD2 compliant. See Vehicles Covered on
page 6 for vehicle compliance verification information.
The CanScan will display a code only if codes are present in the vehicle's
computer memory. If no codes are present, a "0" is displayed.
The CanScan is capable of retrieving and storing up to 32 codes in
memory, for immediate or later viewing.
8. To read the display:
Refer to Display Functions on page 11 for a description of LCD
display elements.
A visible icon indicates that the CanScan is being powered through the
vehicle's DLC connector.
A visible icon indicates that the CanScan is linked to (communicating
with) the vehicle's computer.
The Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) and
related code definition are shown in the
lower section of the LCD display. In the
case of long code definitions, a small arrow
is shown in the upper/lower right-hand
corner of the code display area to indicate
the presence of additional information. Use
the and buttons, as necessary, to
view the additional information
If the code being displayed is a PENDING code, the PENDING icon is
shown.
The Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) and related code definition are shown
in the lower section of the LCD display.
In the case of long code definitions, or when viewing Freeze Frame
data, a small arrow is shown in the upper/lower right-hand corner of
the code display area to indicate the presence of additional
information. Use the and buttons, as necessary, to view the
additional information.


9. Read and interpret Diagnostic Trouble Codes/system condition using the
LCD display and the green, yellow and red LEDs.


The green, yellow and red LEDs are used (with the LCD display) as
visual aids to make it easier to determine engine system conditions.


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CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE
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Green LED ­ Indicates that all engine
systems are "OK" and operating normally.
All monitors supported by the vehicle have
run and per-formed their diagnostic testing,
and no trouble codes are present. A zero
will show on the CanScan's LCD display.
Yellow LED ­ Indicates one of the
following conditions:
A. A PENDING CODE IS PRESENT ­ If the
yellow LED is illuminated, it may indicate a
Pending code is present. Check the
CanScan's LCD display for confirmation. A
Pending code is confirmed by the presence
of a numeric code and the word PENDING
on the CanScan's LCD display.
B. MONITOR NOT RUN STATUS ­ If the
CanScan's LCD display shows a zero
(indicating there are no DTC's present in the vehicle's computer memory),
but the yellow LED is illuminated, it may be an indication that some of the
Monitors supported by the vehicle have not yet run and completed their
diagnostic testing. Check the CanScan's LCD display for confirmation.
Red LED ­ Indicates there is a problem
with one or more of the vehicle's systems.
The red LED is also used to indicate that
DTC(s) are present (displayed on the
CanScan's screen). In this case, the
Multifunction Indicator (Check Engine)
lamp on the vehicle's instrument panel will
be illuminated.
DTC's that start with "P0", "P2" and some
"P3" are considered Generic (Universal).
All Generic DTC definitions are the same on all OBD2 equipped vehicles.
The CanScan automatically displays the code definitions for Generic
DTC's.
DTC's that start with "P1" and some "P3"
are Enhanced (Manufacturer specific)
codes and their code definitions vary with
each vehicle manufacturer. When an
Enhanced (Manufacturer specific) DTC is
retrieved, the LCD display shows a list of
vehicle manufacturers. Use the UP and
DOWN buttons, as necessary, to highlight the appropriate manufacturer,
then press the ENTER/FF button to display the correct code definition


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Using the Code Reader
CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE
for your vehicle.
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10. Freeze Frame Data (if available) can be viewed at any time (except MENU
mode) by pressing the ENTER/FF button.
In OBD2 systems, when an emissions-
related engine malfunction occurs that
causes a DTC to set, a record or snapshot
of engine conditions at the time that the
malfunction occurred is also saved in the
vehicle's computer memory. The record
saved is called Freeze Frame data. Saved
engine conditions include, but are not
limited to: engine speed, open or closed loop operation, fuel system
commands, coolant temperature, calculated load value, fuel pressure,
vehicle speed, air flow rate, and intake manifold pressure.
11. If more than one code was retrieved press the DTC SCROLL button,
as necessary, to display additional codes one at a time.
Whenever the Scroll function is used to view additional codes, the
CanScan's communication link with the vehicle's computer disconnects.
To re-establish communication, press the POWER/LINK button again.
If more than one malfunction is present that causes more than one
DTC to be set, only the code with the highest priority will contain
Freeze Frame data. The code designated "01" on the CanScan
display is referred to as the PRIORITY code, and Freeze Frame data
always refers to this code. The priority code is also the one that has
commanded the MIL on.
If Freeze Frame data is not available
for the code shown on the LCD display
when the ENTER/FF button is
pressed, an advisoory message shows
on the LCD display. Press the DTC
SCROLL button to return to the
previous code display.
12. Determine engine system(s) condition by
viewing the CanScan's LCD display for any retrieved Diagnostic Trouble
Codes, code definitions, Freeze Frame data and interpreting the green, yellow
and red LEDs.
If DTC's were retrieved and you are going to perform the repairs yourself,
proceed by consulting the Vehicle's Service Repair Manual for testing
instructions, testing procedures, and flow charts related to retrieved
code(s).
If you plan to take the vehicle to a professional to have it serviced,


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CODE RETRIEVAL PROCEDURE
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complete the Preliminary Vehicle Diagnosis Worksheet on page 27 and
take it together with the retrieved codes, freeze frame data and LED
information to aid in the troubleshooting procedure.
To prolong battery life, the CanScan automatically shuts "Off"
approximately three minutes after it is disconnected from the vehicle. The
DTCs retrieved, Monitor Status and Freeze Frame data (if any) will remain
in the CanScan's memory, and may be viewed at any time by turning the
unit "On". If the CanScan's batteries are removed, or if the CanScan is
relinked to a vehicle to retrieve codes/data, any prior codes/data in its
memory are automatically cleared.




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ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)



ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)

When the CanScan's ERASE function is used to erase DTCs
from the vehicle's on-board computer, manufacturer- specific
enhanced data are also erased.
If you plan to take the vehicle to a Service Center
for repair, DO NOT erase the codes from the
vehicle's computer. If the codes are erased,
valuable information that might help the
technician troubleshoot the problem will also be
erased.
Erase DTCs from the computer's memory as follows:
When DTCs are erased from the
vehicle's computer memory, the I/M
Readiness Monitor Status program
resets the status of all Monitors to a not
run "flashing" condition. To set all of the
Monitors to a DONE status, an OBD 2
Drive Cycle must be performed. Refer
to your vehicle's service manual for information on how to perform
an OBD 2 Drive Cycle for the vehicle under test.

The CanScan must be connected to the
vehicle's DLC to erase the codes from
the computer's memory. If you press
the ERASE button when the
CanScan is not connected to the
vehicle's DLC, the erase instruction
screen displays.
1. If not connected already, connect the CanScan to the vehicle's DLC, and
turn the ignition "On." (If the CanScan is already connected and linked to the
vehicle's computer, proceed directly to step 4. If not, continue to step 2.)
2. Turn the ignition on. DO NOT start the engine. Press and release the
POWER/LINK button to establish communication with the vehicle's
computer.

3. Press and release the ERASE button. A
confirmation message shows on the LCD display.
- If you are sure you want to proceed press the
ERASE button again to erase DTCs from the
vehicle's computer.



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ERASING DIAGNOSTIC TROUBLE CODES (DTCs)



- If you do not want to continue with the erase process, press the
POWER/LINK button to exit the erase mode.
4. If you chose to erase DTCs, a progress screen
displays while the erase function is in progress.
If the erase was successful, a confirmation
message shows on the LCD display. Press
the POWER/LINK button to return to the
DTC screen.
If the erase was not successful, an advisory
message shows on the LCD display. Verify
that the CanScan is properly connected to
the vehicle's DLS and that the ignition is on,
then repeat steps 2 and 3, above.


Erasing DTCs does not fix the problem(s) that caused the code(s) to
be set. If proper repairs to correct the problem that caused the
code(s) to be set are not made, the code(s) will appear again (and
the check engine light will illuminate) as soon as the vehicle is driven
long enough for its Monitors to complete their testing.




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