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Model 220 Programmable Current Source
Instruction Manual-
01982, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
Eighth Printing, August 2000
Document Number: 220-901-01 Rev. H
Manual Print History
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The
Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are
released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately
into the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated
with the previous Revision of the manual are incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revi-
sion includes B revised copy of this print history page.
Revision G (Document Number 220-901-01) .............................................................. 1992
Revision H (Document Number 220-901-01) .................................................. August2000
Safety Precautions
The following safety precautions should be observed before using Users of this product must be protected from electric shock at all
this product and any associated instrumentation. Although some times. The responsible body must ensure that users are prevented
instruments and accessories would normally be used with non- access and/or insulated from every connection point. In some cases,
hazardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product
may be present. users in these circumstances must be trained to protect themselves
from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who mcog- at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of the circuit may be
nize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety precautions m- exposed.
quired to avoid possible injury. Read the operating information
carefully before using the product. As described in the lntemational Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC) Standard IEC 664, digital multimeter measuring circuits
The types of product users are:
(e.g., Keithley Models l75A, 199,2000,2001, 2002, and 2010) arc
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use Installation Category II. All other instruments signal terminals are
and maintenance of equipment. for ensuring that the equipment is Installation Category I and must not be connected to mains.
operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for en-
suring that operators are adequately trained. Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits.
They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They must be NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When con-
trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instn- necting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to lim-
mat. They must be protected from electric shock and contact with it fault cormnt and voltage to the card.
hazardous live circuits.
Before operating an instrument, make sure the line cord is coonect-
Maintenance personnel perform mutine procedures on the product ed to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting
to keep it operating, for example, setting the line voltage or replac- cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks
ing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in before each use.
the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may per-
form them. Othenvise, they should be performed only by service For maximum safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any
p~~SONE1. other insh'oments while power is applied to the circuit under test.
ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jump-
safe installations and repairs of pmducts. Only properly trained ser- ers, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal
vice personnel may perform installation and service procedures. changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal Do not touch any object that could provide a current path to the
voltage may be present on cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI) states that a shock Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a
hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS. 42.4V dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being
peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect measured.
that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before
tllLXSU~i"g.
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might
specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equip- result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated infor-
ment may be impaired. mation very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and ac- The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could
cessories, as defined in the specifications and operating infonna- damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.
don, and as shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or
switching card. Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and
for continued protection against fire hazard. all test cables,
To maintain protection from electric shock and fire, replacement
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for
components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test
measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.
leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instn-
mats. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals,
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is a.p-
may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
plied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as
lid interlock.
long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that se-
lected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Instruments
Ifa@ screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the
to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are
wire recommended in the user documentation.
un~tre about the applicability of a replacement component, call a
Keithley Instruments office for information.
Then symbol on an instrument indicates that the user should E-
fer to the operating instructions located in the manual.
To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based
cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instrument only. Do not apply
me A. symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or mea-
cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill
sure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal
on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no
and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to
case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a
avoid personal contact with these voltages.
computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to in-
structions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is af-
fected, the hoard should be returned to the factmy for proper
cleaning/setvicing.
Rev. IO/99
MODEL 220 SPECIFICATIONS
IEEE-488 BUS IMPLEMENTATION
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Paragraph Title Page
SECTION l-GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 Introduction .................................... ...... ....... ...... l-l
1.2 Features ........................................ ...... .......... ....... ...... l-l
1.3 Warranty Information ............................ ...... .......... ....... ...... l-l
1.4 ManualAddenda ................................ ...... .......... ....... ...... 1-l
1.5 Safety Symbols and Terms ........................ ...... .......... ....... ...... 1-l
1.6 Unpacking and Inspection ......................... ...... ....... ...... l-l
1.7 Repackaging For Shipment ........................ ...... .......... ....... ...... l-l
1.8 Specifications ................................... ...... .......... ....... ...... l-l
1.9 Accessories ..................................... ...... .......... ....... ...... 1-2
1.9.1 Optional Accessories ........................... ...... .......... ....... ...... 1-2
1.9.2 Supplied Accessories. .......................... ...... ....... ...... 1-2
SECTION 2-OPERATION
2.1 Introduction ................................... ,..... .................. ..,... 2-1
2.2 Preparation For Use ............................. .................. .._. 2-1
^^_ -
L.L.1 vower-up ............................................................................ 2-l
2.2.2 Warm-Up ............................................................................. ...... 2-l
2.3 Operating Instructions .................................................................... ...... 2-l
2.3.1 Environmental Conditions ............................................................... ...... 2-1
2.3.2 Front Panel Control Descriptions .......................................................... 2-1
,2.3.3 AearPanelDescriptions .................................................................
2.3.4 OutputConnector ..................................................................... ...... ;=t
2.3.5 InductiveLoads ....................................................................... ...... 2-4
2.4 Operation Of The Model 220. .............................................................. ...... 2-5
2.4.1 Model 220 General Operating Procedure .................................................. .... 2-5
2.4.2 ExampleofOperation ................................................................... ...... 2-5
2.5 Applications ............................................................................ ...... 2-9
2.5.1 Calibradon ............................................................................ ...... 2-9
2.5.2 ResistivityMeasurement ................................................................ ...... 2-9
2.5.3 Diode Characterization ................................................................. ..... 2-10
SECTION 3-PERFORMANCE VERIFICATION
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 3-l
3.2 Environmentalconditions ....................................................................... 3-l
3.3 RecommendedTestEquipment .................................................................. 3-l
3.4 InitialCondltlons ............................................................................... 3-1
Performance Verification Procedure .............................................................. 3-1
El lOOmA to 1mA Range Verification .............................................................. 3-1
3.5.2 1004 to 1OlA Range Verification .............................................................. 3-2
3.5.3 1FA end lOOnA Range Verification. ............................................................. 3-2
3.5.4 1OnA and 1nA Range Verification ............................................................... 33
SECTION 4-THEORY OF OPERATION
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................. 4-1
4.2 BlockDiagrams ................................................................................ 41
4.3 PowerSupply ................................................................................. 4-l
4.4 AnalogBoard.. ................................................................................ 41
4.5 Digital Board (Microcomputer). .................................................................. 4-4
4.6 DisplaVCircuit ................................................................................. 4-4
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT.1
Paragraph Title Page
SECTION S-MAINTENANCE
5.1 Introduction ............................
5.2 Calibration .............................. .
5.2.1 Recommended Test Equipment ..........
5.2.2 Environmental Conditions ...............
5.2.3 Warm-Up ............................. .5-l
5.2.4 Calibration Fixtures .................... . ...5-1
5.2.5 Calibration Adjustments ................ 5-2
5.3 Fuse Replacement ....................... 5-2
5.4 Line Voltage Selection .................... .. . 5-3
5.5 Disassembly ............................ .
5.6 Fan Filter Maintenance ...................
5.7 Special Handling of Static Sensitive Devices ,
5.8 Troubleshooting ... .....................
5.8.1 Servicing High Impedance Circuitry. ......
5.8.2 Digital Self Test .......................
SECTION B-REPLACEABLE PARTS
6.1 Introduction ._.,,.......,..___......_..........._._..._._....._....._.......................... 6-l
6.2 PartsList..................................................................................... 6-l
6.3 Ordeilnglnformation...................................................................,,......, 6-l
6.4 FactoryService..........................................................................,...,.. 6-l
6.5 Schematic Diagrams and Component Location Drawings 6-l
LIST OF TABLES
Table Title Page
2-1 LineVoltageSetting ................................................. ........................... 2-1
2-2 Error Message Conditions ............................................ ........................... 2-5
3-1 Recommended Test Equipment ....................................... ........................... 3-1
3-2 lOOmA to 1mA Verification ........................................... ........................... 3-2
5-1 Recommended Test Equipment ....................................... ........................... 5-1
5-2 Calibration ......................................................... ........................... 5-2
5-3 Fuse Replacement, 3AG Size ......................................... ........................... 5-3
54 Fuse Replacement, 5mm Size ......................................... ...........................
5-5 Line Voltage Selection ............................................... ........................... z
5-6 Model 220 Static Sensitive Devices .................................... ...........................
5-7 Power Supply Checks ............................................... ........................... E
5-8 AnalogBoardChecks ............................................... ...........................
5-9 DigitalCircuitry ..................................................... ........................... 2
5-10 DisplayChecks ..................................................... ........................... 5-7
5-11 IEEE-488 Interface Board Checks ...................................... ........................... 5-8
6-l Index of Modal 220 Schematic and Component Layouts .................. ........................... 6-l
6-2 Mother Board 220-103, Parts List. ..................................... ........................... 6-4
6-3 Display Board 220-l 13, Parts List. ..................................... ........................... 6-6
6-4 Analog Board 220-123, Parts List. ..................................... ........................... 6-7
6-5 IEEE Interface Board, 220-133. Parts List ............................... .......................... 6-10
ii
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Figure Title Page
l-l Instrument Packaging ....................................... ............ ...... 1-2
2-1 FrontandRearPanel ........................................ ............ ...... 2-2
2-2 OutputConnector .......................................... ............ ...... 2-4
2-3 Limiting Inductive Reaction Voltage ........................... ............ ...... 2-5
2-4 lOmAto2mASquareWave .................................. ............ ...... 2-8
2-5 Using the Model 220 External Trigger .......................... ............ ...... 2-8
2-6 Guarding .................................................. ............ ...... 2-9
2-7 Connections es a Current Sink with Resistive Load ............... ............ ...... 2-9
2-8 Model 220 Recommended Operating Limits ..................... ............ ...... 2-9
2-9 Resistivity Measurement Using the Model 220 end the Model 614 ............ ...... 2-10
2-10 Diode Characterization ...................................... ............ ...... Z-10
2-11 DiodeCurves .................................................................................. 2-10
3-1 lOOmA to 1mA Range Verification ................................................................ 3-2
3-2 Test Fixture.. ................................................................................. 3-3
3-3 lFA-1nARangeVerification ..................................................................... 3-3
4-1 Analog Circuitry Block Diagram .................................................................. 4-2
-i-i Digital Circuitry Block Diagram ................................................................... 4-3
4-3 MemonlMap .................................................................................. 5-4
5-l CalibrationSetup.. ............................................................................ 5-1
5-2 Calibration Fixture ............................................................................. 5-2
5-3 l~tolnACalibration...................................................: ...................... 5-2
5-4 MemoryChipNumberAssignment ............................................................... 5-5
6-l Model220ExplodedView ....................................................................... 6-2
6-2 Model220FanAssembly ....................................................................... 6-3
6-3 Display Board, Component Location Drawing. Dwg. No. 220-l 10 ..................................... 6-11
6-4 Mother Board, Component Location Drawing, Dwg. No. 220-100 ..................................... 6-13
6-5 Analog Board, Component Location Drawing, Dwg. No. 220-120 ..................................... 6-17
6-6 IEEE Interface Board, Component Location Drawing, Dwg. No. 220-130 ............................... 6-21
6-7 Display Board, Schematic Diagram, Dwg. No. 220-l 16 .............................................. 6-23
6-8 Digital Circuitry, Schematic Diagram, Dwg. No. 220-106. ............................................ 6-25
6-9 Analog Board, Schematic Diagram, Dwg. No. 220-126 .............................................. 6-29
6-10 IEEE Interface Board, Schematic Diagram, Dwg. No. 220-136 ........................................ 6-33
iii/iv
SECTION 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.4 MANUAL ADDENDA
The Model 220 is a programmable current source with full Improvements or changes to this manual will be explained
range current from 2nA to 100mA. The Model 220 has a on en addendum included with this manual.
selectable voltage compliance of up to 105V in one volt in-
crements. The 100 memory locations allow up to 100 1.5 SAFETY SYMBOLS AND TERMS
storage points for programming source, V-limit, end dwell
time. The Model 220 can be used with any measurement Safety symbols used in this manual are as follows:
system that uses the IEEE-488 interface bus. For detailed
operating instructions of the Model 220 end the IEEE-488 The symbol A on the instrument denotes that
bus, refer to the Model 220/230 Programming Manual. the user should refer to the operating instructions.
1.2 FEATURES The symbol on the instrument denotes that
1OOOVor more may be present on the terminal(s).
The Model 220 includes the following features:
The WARNING used in this manual explains dangers that
100 point buffer that is capable of storing up to 100 points could result in personal injury or death.
of an output waveform.
Programmable dwell time between the data points in the The CAUTION used in this manual explains hazards that
buffer when used in the single or continuous program could damage the instrument.
modes.
1 .6 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION
Input end output connections for external triggering
located on the rear panel.
The Model 220 is inspected both mechanically and elec-
Selectable voltage compliance allows operator to select
trically before shipment. Upon receiving the Model 220
the required voltage compliance.
unpack all items from the shipping container and check for
4% digit display with appropriate exponent and decimal
any obvious damage that may have occurred during transit.
point.
Report any damage to the shipping agent. Retain end use
Program modes that control the sequence between the
the original packaging materials if reshipment is necessav.
buffer points. This is for either single, step or continuous
The following items are shipped with all Model 220 orders:
sequencing.
Data keyboard to enter data (V-limit, dwell time, source, *Model 220 Programmable Current Source
etc.1 into the buffer. *Model 220 Instruction Manual
l Program control that has a start, stop end reset control *Model 6011 Triaxial Test Lead
for the buffer end program mode. *Model 220/230 Programming Manual
. OPERATE button that holds the source in standby until *Optional accessories per request.
programmed into operate.
l IEEE-488 interface bus operation isstandard. Thisenables 1.7 REPACKAGING FOR SHIPMENT
the Model 220 to be incorporated into a system that uses
programmed control through the IEEE-488 bus. The Model 220 should be packed in its original carton using
the packaging method shown in Figure l-l. Before pack-
1.3 WARRANTY INFORMATION aging, wrap the instrument in plastic. After it is placed in the
box, surround the instrument with Styrofoam packaging
Warranty information is provided on the inside front cover material.
of this manual. If there is a need to exercise the warranty,
contact the Keithley representative in your area to deter- If the Model 220 is to be returned to Keithley Instruments
mine the proper action to be taken. Keithley maintains corn- for calibration or repair, include the following:
plete repair and calibration facilities in the United States, *ATTENTION REPAIR DEPARTMENT on the address label.
West Germany, Great Britain, France, the Netherlands, *Warranty status of the instrument.
Switzerland end Austria. Information concerning the appli- *Completed service form.
cation, operation or service of your instrument may be
directed to the applications engineer et any of the above 1.8 SPECIFICATIONS
locations. Check the inside front cover of this manual for
addresses. For Model 220 detailed specifications, refer to the specifica-
tions that precede this section.
l-l
1.9 ACCESSORIES
1.9.1 Optional Accessories
INSTRUCTION The following optional accessories are available from
Keithley Instruments to enhance the capabilities of the
Model 220.
`ROTECTIVE
:ARDSOARD Model 1019A Universal Rack Mounting Kit-The Model
rap 1019A Universal Rack Mounting Kit can accomodate one or
two Model 220's. The dimensions are 133mm x 483mm
(5%in. x 19in.I.
Model 8167 Guarded Adapter-The Model 8167 Guarded
Adapter reduces effective cable capacity by driving the in-
ner shield of a triaxial cable at guard potential.
Model 7008-3 IEEE-468 Cable-The Model 7008-3 is a three
foot I1 meter) IEEE488 Cable. The cable has 24 stranded
wire conductors and is terminated with IEEE-488 standard
MODEL 220
connectors.
Model 70089 IEEE-488 Cable-The Model 7008-6 is a six
foot I2 meter) IEEE-488 Cable. The cable has 24 stranded
wire conductors and is terminated with IEEE-488 standard
connectors.
Model 7010 Cable Adapter-The Model 7010 is a IEEE-488
cable adapter. The adapter extends the IEEE-488 connector
PROTECTIVE by one connector width for easy access connections.
CARDBOARD
BOHOM
1.9.2 Supplied Accessories
The following accessory is supplied with each Model 220.
Model 8011 Triax Input Cable-The Model 8011 is a three
CARDBOARD foot (1 meter1 low noise triax cable terminated with alligator
STRIP
clips at one end and a Teflon0 insulated triax connector at
the other end.
-7
CARDBOARD
BOX ,
!FIL
ST YROFOAM PACKAGING
MI 4TERIAL
Figure 1-l. Instrument Packaging
I-2
SECTION 2
OPERATION
2.1 INTRODUCTION After the software revision level is displayed, the Model 220
will display ths primary address of the instrument for approx-
This section includes operating instructions such as: prepara- imately one second. The primary address of the Model 220 is
tion for use, environmental conditions, front and rear panel factory set at 12.
control descriptions, output connections and several examples I
of uass and applications of the Model 220. For Model 220 front Example:
and rear panel illustrations refer to Figure 2-l. j I f I I?
2.2.2 Warm-Up
2.2 PREPARATION FOR USE
To achieve rated accuracy the Model 220 requires one hour for
2.2.1 Power-Up
warm-up.
Plug the Model 220 into the proper power receptacle in accor- 2.3 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
danca with Table 2-l. For fuss replacement or line switch 2.3.1 Environmental Conditions
lS102j setting refer to the maintenance section.
Operation of the Model 220 should ba at an ambient
WARNING temperature within the range of O