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WARRANTY
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of 1 year
from date of shipment.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables, rechargeable
batteries, diskettes, and documentation.
During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that prows to be defective,
To exercise this wammty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in Cleveland, Ohio.
You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transportation prepaid, to the indicated service
facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for
the balance of the original warranty period, OTat least 90 days.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley's express written consent, or
misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-rechargeable batteries, damage from
battery leakage, 01 problems arising from normal we.a~or failure to follow instructions.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY
IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REMEDIES PRO-
VIDED HEREIN ARE BUYER'S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
NEITHER KBITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF ITS
INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE
OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIM-
ITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY
PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. - 28775 Aurora R
Model 486 Picoammeter
Model 487 Picoammeter/Vokage Source
Instruction Manual
01990, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
Fourth Printing, August 2000
Document Number: 486-901-01 Rev. D
Manual Print History
The print history shown below lists the printing dates of all Revisions and Addenda created for this manual. The
Revision Level letter increases alphabetically as the manual undergoes subsequent updates. Addenda, which are
released between Revisions, contain important change information that the user should incorporate immediately into
the manual. Addenda are numbered sequentially. When a new Revision is created, all Addenda associated with the
previous Revision of the manual arc incorporated into the new Revision of the manual. Each new Revision includes
a revised copy of this print history page.
Revision C (Document Number 486-901-01) ............................................. December 1991
Revision D (Document Number 486-901-01). ................................................. August 2000
BESCHEJNIGUNG DES HERSTELLERS/IMl'ORTEURS
Hiermitwirdbescheinigt,(daS)/dasMODEL 486 PICOAMMETER AND MODEL 487 PICOAMMETER/
VOLTAGE SOURCEinUbereinstimmungmitdenBestimmungenderVfg1046/1984funksntstortist.DerDeuk~en
Bundespost wurde das Inverkehrbringen dieses Gerates angezeigt und die Berechtigmg ZUI Uberprufmg der Serie auf
Eiihmg der Bestimmungen eingeraumt.
Die Einhaltung der betreffenden Bestimmungen setzt vordus, dag, (da& geschirmte Mt$leitungen venvendet werden.
Fur die Beschaffung richtiger Me~leitungen ist der Betreiber verantwortlich.
DIESES GERAET WURDE SOWOHL ElNZELN ALS AUCH IN ElNERANLAGE, DIE EINEN NORMALW
ANWENDUNGSFALL NACHBILDET, AUF DIE EINHALTUNG DER FEN
GEPRUEFT. EST IS JEDOCH MOEGLICH, DASS DIE FUNK-ENTSTOEXB -GEN IJNTFX
UNGUENSTIGEN UMSTAENDEN BEI ANDEREN GERAETEKOMBJNATIONEN NIGHT EINGEHALTEN
WERDEN. FUER DIE EINHALTIJNG DER FUNK-ENTSTOERBE GEN SEINER GESAMTEN ANLAGE,
IN DER DlESES GERAET BETRIEBEN WlRD, IST DER B?ZlXEZBERVERANTWORTLICH.
Keithley Instruments, Incorporated
CERTIFICATE BY MANUFACTURER/TMPORTER
ThisistocertlfythattheheMODEL
SOURCE isshielded againstadiointerferenceinaccordancewiththeprovisions ofVfglO46/1984. TheGermanPostal
Services have been advised that this device is being put on the market and that they have been given the right to inspect
the series for compliance with the regulations.
Compliance with applicable regulations depends on the use of shielded cables. It is the user who is responsible for pry-
curing the appropriate cables.
THIS EQUlFMENT HAS BEEN TFSTED CONCERNING COMPLIANCE WITH THE RELFVANT RFl PROTEC-
TION REQUIREMENTS BOTH lNDMDUALLY AND ON SYSTEM LEVEL (TO SIMULATE NORMAL OPERA-
TION CONDlTIONS). HOWEVER, IT IS POSSIBLE THAT THESE RFI RBQ- ARENOTMETUNJXR
CERTAIN UNFAV0RABL.E CONDlTIONS IN OTHER INSTALLATIONS. lT IS THE USER WHO IS RESPONSI-
BLE FOR COMX'LIAN CE OF HIS PARTICULAR INSTALLATION.
Keithley Instruments, Incorporated
Safety Precautions
The following safety precautions should be observed before using Users of this product most be protected from electric shock at all
this product and soy associated instrumentation. Although some in- times. The responsible body must ensure that users are prevented
mument~ and accessories would normally be used with non-haz- access and/or insulated from every connection point. Io some cases,
ardous voltages, there are situations where hazardous conditions connections must be exposed to potential human contact. Product
may he present. users in these circumstances most be trained to protect themselves
from the risk of electric shock. If the circuit is capable of operating
This product is intended for use by qualified personnel who recog- at or above 1000 volts, no conductive part of the circuit may be
nize shock hazards and am familiar with the safety precautions m- exposed.
quired to avoid possible injury. Read the operating information
carefully before using the product. As described in the International Electrotcchnical Commission
(IEC) Standard IEC 664, digital multimeter measuring circuits
The types of product users are (e.g., Keitbley Models I75A. 199, 2000,2001,2W2, and 2010) are
Responsible body is the individual or group responsible for the use Installation Category II. All other instruments signal terminals are
and maintenance of equipment, for ensuring that the equipment is Installation Category I and most not be connected to mains.
operated within its specifications and operating limits, and for en-
suring that operators are adequately trained. Do not connect switching cards directly to unlimited power circuits.
They are intended to be used with impedance limited sources.
Operators use the product for its intended function. They most be NEVER connect switching cards directly to AC mains. When con-
trained in electrical safety procedures and proper use of the instm- necting sources to switching cards, install protective devices to lim-
ment. They most be protected from electric shock and contact with it fault cwrent and voltage to the card.
hazardous live circuits.
Before operating an instrument, make sore the line cord is connect-
Maintenance personnel perform routine procedures on the product cd to a properly grounded power receptacle. Inspect the connecting
to keep it operating, for example, setting the line voltage or replac- cables, test leads, and jumpers for possible wear, cracks, or breaks
ing consumable materials. Maintenance procedures are described in before each we.
the manual. The procedures explicitly state if the operator may per-
form them. Otherwise, they should be performed only by service For maximom safety, do not touch the product, test cables, or any
persomlel. other instruments while power is applied to tic circuit under test.
ALWAYS remove power from the entire test system and discharge
Service personnel are trained to work on live circuits, and perform any capacitors before: connecting or disconnecting cables or jomp-
safe installations and repairs of products. Only properly trained ser- en, installing or removing switching cards, or making internal
vice personnel may perform installation and service procedures. changes, such as installing or removing jumpers.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. Lethal Do not touch any object that could provide a cormot path to the
voltage may he present an cable connector jacks or test fixtures. The common side of the circuit under test or power line (earth) ground.
American National Standards Institote (ANSI) states that a shock Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a
hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 3OV RMS, 42.4V dry, insulated surface capable of withstanding the voltage being
peak, or 60VDC are present. A good safety practice is to expect measured.
that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before
measuring.
The instrument and accessories must be used in accordance with its The WARNING heading in a manual explains dangers that might
specifications and operating instructions or the safety of the equip- result in personal injury or death. Always read the associated infor-
ment may be impaired. mation very carefully before performing the indicated procedure.
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the instruments and ac- The CAUTION heading in a manual explains hazards that could
cessories, as defined in the specifications and operating infonna- damage the instrument. Such damage may invalidate the warranty.
don, and es shown on the instrument or test fixture panels, or
switching card. Instrumentation and accessories shall not be connected to humans.
When fuses are used in a product, replace with same type and rating Before performing any maintenance, disconnect the line cord and
for continued protection against tire hazard. all test cables.
To maintain protection from electric shock end tire, replacement
Chassis connections must only be used as shield connections for
components in mains circuits, including the power transformer, test
measuring circuits, NOT as safety earth ground connections.
leads, and input jacks, must be purchased from Keithley Instn-
menu. Standard fuses, with applicable national safety approvals,
If you are using a test fixture, keep the lid closed while power is ap-
may be used if the rating and type are the same. Other components
plied to the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of a
that are not safety related may be purchased from other suppliers as
lid interlock.
long as they are equivalent to the original component. (Note that se-
lected parts should be purchased only through Keithley Insrmments
Ifa@ screw is present, connect it to safety earth ground using the
to maintain accuracy and functionality of the product.) If you are
wire recommended in the user documentation.
unsure about the applicability of a replacement component, call a
Keithley Instruments office for information.
Then symbol on an instmment indicates that the user should E-
fer to the operating instructions located in the manual.
To clean an instrument, use a damp cloth or mild, water based
cleaner. Clean the exterior of the instmment only. Do not apply
-Ibe A symbol on an instrument shows that it can source or mea-
cleaner directly to the instrument or allow liquids to enter or spill
sure 1000 volts or more, including the combined effect of normal
on the instrument. Products that consist of a circuit board with no
and common mode voltages. Use standard safety precautions to
case or chassis (e.g., data acquisition board for installation into a
avoid personal contact with these voltages.
computer) should never require cleaning if handled according to in-
structions. If the board becomes contaminated and operation is af-
fected, the board should he returned to the factmy for proper
cleaning/servicing.
Rev. IO/99
SAFETY WARNINGS hstmnentation and accessoriesshould not be connected
to humans.
The following prec.~tions should be observed before us-
ing Model 4&X/487. Refer to main manual for detailed Maintenance should only be performed by qualified
safety information and complete operating instructions. service personnel. Before performing any maintenance,
disconnect the line cord and all test cables from the in-
strument.
The Model 486/487 is intended for use by qualified per-
sonnel who recognize shock hazards snd are familiar CONTROL SUMMARY
with the safety precautions required to avoid possible in-
jury. Read over the instruction manual carefully before
using the ins+nunent. DISPLAY INTENSl7Y: Selectsnormal/dim/off display.
LOCAL: Places unit in local and restores front panel key
Before operating the instrument, make sore the line cord opergion.
is connected to a properly grounded power receptacle. MENU: Use with the knob or cursor keys to configure the
following menu items; data store, data recall, I-limit
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present. (Model487), integration, IEEE-488bus Coos talk-only),
or
Lethal voltages may be present on the test fixture or the defaults, self&t, debug, calibrate, and V-Source calibrate
Model 487 output jacks. The American National Stan- (Model 487 only).
dards Institute WNSI) states that a shock hazard exists
when voltage levels greater than 30V RMS or 424V peak SHIFT EXIT: &ik MENLJ or trigger SETUP.
are present. A good safety practice is to expect that haz- ZERO CHECK Allows check of offsets, and must be dis-
ardo~voltageispresentinany~o~cirmitbefore abled to obtain an input signal measurement.
measuriug.
SHIFT CORRECT:Performs automatic zero correction to
Inspect the connecting cables, test leads, and jumpers for null insment offsets.
possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use. FILTER: Enables or disables the selected filter(s).
Formadmumsafety,donot touchtheModel487connec- SHIFTFILTER SELECT:Use with knob or cursor to select
tions, teat fixture, test cables or connections to any other the f&r(s); digital, analog, or digital + analog.
instruments while power is applied to the circuit under REL Use to establish a baseline using the displayedread-
test. Turn off all power and discharge all capacitors be- ing.
fore connecting or disconnecdng cables or jumpas. Also,
keep the test fixture lid dosed while power is applied to V RANGE A: Use range keys to select a lower or higher
the device under test. Safe operation requires the use of current range.
the lid interlock.
SHm AUTO RANGE: Use to enable/disable autorange.
Do not touch any object which could provide a current SETLIP:Use with knob or cursor keys to con@ure the fol-
path to the common side of the &cuit under test or lowingtriggersetupitems;triggermode,triggerinterval,
power line (earth) ground. trigger delay, and bigger source.
OPERATE: Places V-Source of Model 487 in operate or
Do not exceed the maximum signal levels of the in&u- standby.
ment, as shown on the rear panel and as defined in the
specifications and operation section of the instnxtion TRIGGEE Press to trigger a reading or start the data
manual. store.
PRESET:Toggles between two preset V-Source values
(Model 487 only).
Connect the 0 screw of the test fixture to safety earth
-
ground using #I8 AWG or larger wire. SHIFT OHMS cV/Ij: Press to select V/I Ohms.
TYPICAL CONNECTIONS
(Model 487 shown connected to Model 8CKQA fixture)
test
TL"-so"rcw HI
LO
-
T
487
0
A
LO 487
Plcoammeter
Equivalent circuit
i
Model 8002A
CONSIGhTS DE SECURITF! RESUME DES COMMANDES
n faut prendre les pr&autions suivames avant d'wiliw les me lNZBX!SIl?E D'AFHCHAGE (DISPLAY lNTEN.SITyI :
d&les4861487. Veuilk vow reporter au manuel principal qui Pennet de s&ctiomw : normaL&.ible!pasd'affichage.
comiem tous les remeignemenu sur les consigns de skcuritt COMMANDE DIRECZZ (LOCAL): Permet de commander di-
ainsi qw les clirectiva d'utilisation. r-em l'appareil et remet en foxtionnement les touches du
LE mod&s 4861487 soot destiks a des spkialistes cotxcients panneau d'affichage.
des dangersde secow &cuique et co-t les mesur-esde MENU (MENU) : s'udise avec le bouton on les touches du NT-
prkntion g prendre pour eviter tout risque de blesnuex. Veui- sew pour configurer Ia &mems suivants du menu : mise en
lez lire attentivemeot ce manxl avant d'utiliser l'insmtment. m&mire de dam&, rappel de doonkes, limite I (tooMe 487),
V&&z., avant d'utiliser I'instmment, que le cordon soit branchC int&mion, le bus EEE-488 (voie de tmmmksion ou communi-
SW une prise convenablement reli& B la term. cation seulement), v&m par d4fam, contrble automatique, mise
au point, balormage et &lomage de la source de tension V
Redoublez de pr&autions lorsqu'il existe tm risque de secow
(mod& 487 seulement).
&cttique. Des tenkn.5 moxtelks risqueot d'&.e pksentes au
n&au du circuit d'essaisou des j&s de sortie du mcckle 487. TOUCHE MAJUSCUJX - SORllE (SHIFTEXI'IJ : Permet
selon l'instintt amticain des normes (ANSI), il e&e ml risque de soti du MENU oli de d&lencher I'INSTALLATION
de secousse &cuique lorsque le nivem de la tension d+asse 30 V @ETup).
efficacesou 42,4 VC de tension c&e. If esf toujours prudent
lrwFCATIoN DU ZERO (ZERO CHECK): Pet-metla v&i-
de consid&r.er qu'une tension dangerewe est prknte dam ficatim clesd4cdam et doit &re invalid& pour obtenir le signal
tout circuit incomm avant dkffectua une mesure. normal de sortie.
Examinez l'itat da cslblesde cotmexion, des fils d'& et des
TOUCHI? MAJUSCULE - CORRECTION (SHlFT COR-
cavaliers pour s'asurer qu'ils ne prksentent ni &g&B d'usure, ni RECTJ : R&l&e la mix e z&o automatique pour am-&r les
aaqlxlures, ni fissures want chaqlle essai. c2kcalagades instruments.
Pour un maximum de s&m-it& ne touchez pas les fik du mod&
487, le circuit de mesure, les &les d'essais,ni les braochemenn
a attam mm inmument lotxque le circuit en mm-s d'essai est
at.5 tension. Coupe2 l'alimentation en comam et d&barge2 tous TOUCHF MAJUSCULE - SELECTION DU FLXRE
les con~teun avant de braocher ou de &brancber d-es c5ble-s. (SHIFT FILTER SELECT) : s'urilise avec le bouton ou le cur-
ll faut +akment veiller A ce que le couvercle du circuit de mesure seu pour selectiotmer le(s) filtfe(s); mm&iqtx, analogique 0"
d'mais mte fermi pendant que l'appareil en cow-s d'essai est numkique + analogique.
sous tension. Le vermuillage du couvercle et nkssaire pour tm
foIutiomlemem en tome skmi~.
Ne touchez aucun objet susceptible de fomnir tm chemin con- V RANGE A (RANGE) : Utilkez les touches de gamme pcnu
ductem vers le c&k commun du tit en cows d'essaiou la ter- selectiomler lme gamme plus basseou plus haute.
re (masse)&I circuit d'alimeotxion.
TOUCHE MAJ(ISCULE - GAMME AUTOMAnQUE
Ne .L+SS.Z pa 1s nivemx maximum de sigoaux de l'iosav (SHIFi- AUTO RANGE) : s'wilis pour validerou irmlickr k
malt 6gurant sur le pamleau an&e et d&is a" chapitre carat- mode gamme automatique.
t&istiques et folxxionnement de la notice d'utilisatiotl.
IhSTALLATION (SETUP) : s'unlise avec un bouton ou les
Fiiezlavis Q dudrruitd'eyaisalaterregl'aided'un~de touches c,mems pour configurer le ciichchmat des systemes
jauge 18 AWG ou plus gms. de cklenchemem suivaoa : mode &clenchement, intervalle de
lnsrmmena et accgsoiTesne dokent pasbe oxcord& g desper- Wenchement, retard de dklencbemem et source de dkclencbe
somles *em.
lo ne faut faire edcuter la maintenance que par du penonnel Spe FONCli'ONNEMtWT (OPERA=) : Met la sourcede tension
cialisd. Dkbranchez le cordon d'alimentation et tous les Cgbler V du ma&k 487 en fonaioonement ou en veik.
d'esais de I'instmment avant d'effecmer tme quelconque o@ra DECLWCI.zW@h'T (TRIGGER) : Appuyez pour d-klmcber
don de maintenance. tme lecture ou d&arer la mix en memoire des doom&.
PREREGLAGE(PRESEV: Pa-met de ba.scuk entre V&LIE de
sources de t&on V (mod& 487 seulement).
TOUCHE MAJUSCULE - OHMS (SHI3T OHMS V@: Ap
puyez pour sactiomler v/l ohms.
SCHEMA TYPE DE BRANCHFNENT
(Mcd+.le487 mom& branch& Ia charged'csai 8002A)
P
DUT
k Cimit dquivalent
SICHERHEITSHINWEISE KONTROLLBEGRIFF'E
Vor dem Gebrauch des M&ells 4861487 soIlten Sie folgende AN.ZIGEHELLIGKEIT (DISPLAY Ihfl.ENSI~): Wtit
Vorkehrungen &fen. Wenden Sie sich hinsichtlich ausfiihr- Anzeige normaUabgedunkeltiaus.
lither Sicherheitsinformationen und vollst&~diger Bedienungsm LOKAL (LOCAL): Bringt Geriit in Local-Modus und stellt
weisungen an das Haupthandbucb. Frontabdeckungstastenfunkdon wieder her.
Dar M&U 4861487 is fiir den Gebrauch durch qu&izierts Genii (MENlJ: Venvenden Sie diesen B&hl nsammen x-nit
Personal ausgelegt, das eine Stromwhkggefahr erkenm und mit den Knopf- c&r C~rtasten, um f&en& Meniidaten abzu-
da Sicherheitworkehmngehrungen ist, die zur Verhinderung
vertraut r&n: $&hem der Dawn (data store), Abmfen der Data (data
einer mbglicben Verletzung pea&n we&n miisxn Vor den red), IGrenrwert (Rimit) (Mcddl 487), Integlatioxl (mte-
G&much des G&&s sollten Sie da Anweisungshandbuch sorg- gradon), IEEE-488 VielfKhlenmg (nur Vielfachleitung a.&
fag lesen. Gqdch), Nullstellungen (~dts), Sehtpriifung (seXtest), Em-
Vor Uxtriebnabme des G&es soilten Sic da-auf achten, da& stijren (debug), Eicben (calibrate) und Spannungs4u~~tichu,-,g
da Suomkabel mit einer vo~ig gee&ten Suomquelk (V-Sowc~ calibrate) (nw MC&II 487).
verbunden is. SHIFT EXIT (SHIFT EXIZJ: Bender, ME& c&r auslijsen
S&e Suomvhlaggefabr best&n, so g&en Sie mit Xuiulsenter SETUP.
Vosicbt var. Auf der Tatvonichtung c&r den Amcbliisxn des NULL?`RiiFUNG (ZERO Ch!ECK): Em@licbt Priifung der
Modells 487 kijnnen t&&he Sparmungen vorhanden sein. Das Abweicbungen und mui3 zum Erhaltm einer F.ingabesig-
American National Standard Institute (ANSQ weist damuf bin, nabnaung unterbrwhen we&a.
da& eine Suomschlagg~ dam besteht, wenn die SFannungs-
wene h6her als 30 Volt RMS oder 42,4 Volt [email protected] be SHFi- CORRECT (SHLFT CORRECT Fiibrt automatische
uagen. Eine gute Sicherhei@nahme ist die Vermu- Nullkorrektur ZUTNulhllmg der Ger&abwichungen durcb.
tnng, da& in jedem unbekannten Stromkreis vor dem MS FZLTER (RZERJ: Bet&&t oder unterbricht da?&& gewiihlte(n)
sen eine g&liche Spamung vorhanden is. Filter.
PrJfen Sie vor jeder BmuQung alle Verbindungskabel, Priif?abel SHIFi-FLLTER WAHL (.SHL=TRLll?R SELECn: Venvenden
md Briicken auf m&$icbe Abnutnmg, Rise cder Briiche. SiediesenBefeblr usammen nit Kxpf c&r Cunor, urn die Fil-
Beriibren Sie LUTmaxim&n Siiherheit keine Amcbiiisse, Priif- ter zu bestimmm; digital, analog cder digital und analog.
vonichtungen, Priifkabel ode Verbindungen zu anderen Ge REL (R.&C): Verwada Sie diezen Befehl, urn linen Gnmthvert
men, w&rend der zu priifende S~omkreis mit Strom versorgt fiir die angezeigte Ablesung faulegen.
wird. Sellen Sic den Strom ab und entladen Sic alle Konden-
satmen, bevor Sic K&l c&r Briicken an&Ii&n oder trennen. V BJZREICH (RAh'GE): Benutzen Sie diese Bereichsmsen,
A
H&en Sic auBer&m den Testmscbl&deckel ggchlos~en, with- urn e&n nkdrigeren oder h&eren Strombereicb festzulegen.
rend daszu priifende G&t mit Strom versorgr wird. Eine sichere SHIFT AUTO-BEREICH (SHIFT AUTO RANGE): Verwen-
Bedhung bedeutet die Benutzung e&s Deckeischlosses. den Sie diesen B&l, um den AutoBaeicb (autorange) Befehl
Baiihrm Sie keinen Gegastan& der eine Stmmleitung LUTge zu aktividd.
meinsamen site des zll priifendsI stmmkreises cder deI Strom- AUIT7ELLVNG (SEW): Verwenden Sie diesen Befehl zu-
katebnaw dare&. sammenmit den Knopf- odet Curscnasten zur Kon&uration fol-
iiberschreiten Sic nicht die auf da Riickseite des G&&es verge gender TrQeritnp~ufsteUun~; Trig&mndus, Trigger-
gebenen HlichstwMe, die auBer&m ix-n Kapitel Tech&&e intervaIl, Tti~emerr6genmg und TriggerqueUe.
Dawn und Beuieb da Bediemmgshandbuchs bschrieba sind. BETRlEE(OPERATE): Bringt Spannungsquelle de Mcdells
V&inda Sie die 0= Scbraubedes Pr&xchl- mit Hilfe 487 in Be&b c&r Standbymcdu.
eims Nr. 18 AWG c&r gr&ren Kabels mit da Masse. TRIGGER (ZWGGER): Betitip Sic dige Taste, urn eine Ab
Geme und Zubehtir s&a nicbt an Mahen an&+scblassen lesung cder die speichaung "on Lktm awdiisen.
werden. VORGABE (PREFl-: Schdtet zwischm zwti vor~e&enen
Die Wammg s&e nut durch qualifiziertes Penxnl vorgenom- Spannm~uellenwerten (mu Modell487).
men werden. Vor einer Wammg des Get-&s solken das Strom- SHIFT OHM (V/I) (SHIFT OHMS V7Ij: Driicken Sie dies=
k&l und alle anderen Priifkabel van diem geuennt werden. Taste, urn V/I Ohm zu betimmen.
GEBRiiUCHLICHE ANSCHLijSSE
(Abbildq zeigt McdeU 487 an Priifgeriit Mcdell8002A "I@chlossen)
I
T
I
NORME DI SICUREZZA IUASSUh'TO DJ3 COMANDI
Le name di sicurezza segwnd dew10 mere mervate prima di INDICA TORE INZWSITA ' (DISPLAY INllENSIITyI:
ware U modello 4861487. Fate riftiento al rnmuaie principale Peimette la selezione delh chiareua delhdicatore tra "or-
per "ngsioti demgu suue norme di sicurn e le is"lKio"i per "mldchiarol~to.
I'uro.
LOCALE (LOCAL]: Pane il dis@tivo in wo locale e riprki"a
II modello 4861487 e' stat0 progetrato ad uo di pe~nale l'opemivim' del pannell a ati.
qlmlificato, a co"cscenza CMIi&i0 di sccma elemica ed awnte MENU (MJZNV):Weneusamaamite la mancpla 0 i tarti del
-ma' co" le preca"z.ioti necemarieper evimre ogni da""0 cursore per scegliere "a: menlorizzazicole dati, richianlo dati,
possibiie a persane e case. Leggemattentamente quest0 "ranwale limite di corrente (Modello 487), integrazim, conngsione
prima di udliuare lo sml"lento. IEEE-488 (connesione 0 solo speaker),dehllt, test autonmtico,
Prima di far fu"zionare lo sml"lento, &%sic"ratevithe il cordone debug, calibratua. e calibrantra sorgente di tasione. (Solo
elemico sia appmmamente adlegato ad una press di alimenta- modello 487).
zione CO" la mesa a terra ccuretm.
.sHlmExlT (Srnrn~: Exe ti menu e prowxa la IM-
Prrstate esn-emaatten7io"e in situazioni in cui e' prwnte il zlALrzzAz10NE.
rischio di sccaa elletrica sulk3-ento 0 "el cimdto di prow%
in qtmnto e' p&bile the vi si rilevino tensioni considerate letah
CONTROLLO RLPRIS7liVO (ZERO CHECK): Commte il
mnuoUo degli offset, e deve esere dkinwito per omenereun
imprerse dall'utente. L`ANSI (American National Standard In-
seg"ale nornmle in lmcim.
sti~te)riconmceurischiodismssaelemicdinpresenraditen-
sioni di picco ma&xi di 30V RSM o 42.4V. E' buona "orma CORREZIONE SHIFT (SHIFT CORRECT): Effenua
coti* presenti tensio"i peric&se i" ogni circllito elemico autGmaticar"ente una cotrezio"e di ripristi"0 per a"""llare la
slxmxiuto. telciione di &et dell0 smlme"to.
Controllate i cavi di mnnesSone ed i conmti prima delYw per FEZ?0 (FUTER): Aziona 0 diskeke i flui sekio"ati.
witare problemi cwati da usurq crepe o romue. sHIFT~oNEmmo (.s%TFILl-ERsElEc1): uwe
Per maggior sicurezza, "on toccateil cirtito ed i cavi di prova, 0 la rnmopola 0 U amore per scegliere il f&c(i): di&ale,
II" qualsiasi ah smlme"t0 una volm applicam -te al cir- analo~co, oppure digimle + analogico.
ait0 di prow. Diskwrite I'alimentazione e saricam tutti i con- REL @EL): Usato per stabike un punt0 di rihirnento uando i
densatori prima di connette~eo sonmetwe i cati. Mante"ete in- dati "xsuati.
oh chi"so il cope&h dell'impianto di prow quando si applica
corrente au'apparecchio the ti vuole prowre. Per ""`@Gne V CAMP0 DI VARlAZIONL? A, (FLANGE):
Usatei tasti del
sicwa necesrio un copxhio the, se apert", bloxhi campdivariadoneperseler&uncampodi-per
aut0"laticame"te 1 parsaggiodi ccrrelte dl'apparecchio. la corrente piti "as0 0 phi risueno.
Non tcccate alcun oggetto the possaccmvmtire passaggiodi COP SHl?i- CAMP0 DI VARIAZIONE AUTOMAlTCO (SIfIFT
reme al km conlune dd circuit0 in prwa 0 aIla massa(tara) ala AUTO RANGE): Usato per aricmareldidnsaireil camp di
linea d.i tensione. variazioneautmnatico.
Non superate l'ingreso di tensione nwsimo, come yxcifiato -ONE (SE'TW): Usate k nmnopch o i msti del
nell'appmito capitol0 sul hnzio"a"wnto, conten"to in quest0 l2umn-eper la ccm6gurazionedelle s.eguellticarattetistiche dd in?
nmnuale. pulw (nigger); mcdulo trig&a, il-lmrvaJlo, rimrda, e sorgente.
collegatelavite 01 d.eu'apparecchiaturadiproMa-usan- FUNZONAhfENTO (OPERATE):
Rmde operadvao mate in
do~un avo No.18 AWG o pii~ spgso. mea la sorgente di taskme deI MakIlo 487.
Gli -enti e gli accessorinon devono mai - collegati ad IMPLLLSO (EQIGGER): Premete imp&o per ottenere ""a let-
esxriumani. ma 0 dare inizio alla mfznmimione dati.
IA "m"uterKio"e dew gsere equita esclusivame"te da per- PREsELEnONE (PRESEZJ:
sama Isa k due pxizioni COT-
so"& q"alificato. Prima di efkmMre ahn lavoro di "m""teD l-i!pnde"ti ai due vd0I-i predetaminati per la sorge"te di tar
ione scollegate u Lea"0 hea e tuni gu alti cavi di prcwa daIl0
di &me. (Solo M&k 487).
SO-lU"~rO. SHIFT OHM (v/l) (Srn OHMS v7: Premete per scegliere
lami.uenzai"ohmsvn.
c0NNEss10NI TIPICHE
(E' n-,nstrato il Mod& 487 connesso al Mod& 8002A come aw&tura di prova)
i
11-w-w
-I"....L
.__---_-----
Mdek.8W2A
___
_------- M-m-
1
.o
i3iL
.-
-"=-I
zz" Z3ZZ!kZ
_----B-e-----
E=JL 8oOP.A
ADVERTENCIAS DE SEGURIDAD SUMARIO DE CONTROL
Las precaucione siguientes deben ser observadasarms de war LNTENSIDAD DE PRESENTACION (DLWAY INllW
los Modelm 4861487. Remitirse al manual principal para infor- SIm): selffdonar preentack% normal/amotigzuh/apa~da.
ma&n detdada de xgtuidad e instmccion~ completas de fun- LOCAL (LOCAL): Pane a la unidad en acci6n local y restaura la
donamiento. OperadLinde la llave de] panel delantero.
MENU (MEh'U): Se usa con lar Uavesdel cursor o perilla para
mdigum lo siguiente: alma- `elm de dates, recuperaci6Il
de dam, limite de coniam 0 (Mcdelo 487), integradn, bam
IEEE-488 (balm 0 tile voz), surdtuci6n, autqlmeh, ebmina-
cibn de fallas, cezdilmtibn y calibraci6n de fuente de voltaje (V)
(sdo Mod& 487).
CAMBIO SALWA (SHFi-m: S&b del MENU o activa-
citi de Prepara&n (SETUP).
Tener cuidado extreme cuando hay la posibilidad de chque elk- COMPROBACION DE CERO (ZERO CHECK): Permite la
trim. F'wdem existi voltajes letaks en ks davijas de tida del compmbacih de desplammientosy dek ser inhabilitado par-aob
Mod& 487 6 en el accesorio de prueba. El Ins&to National tenermamedici6nde~deenuada.
Ameicmo de Norms (ANSI) expose que e&e un peligro de
chcque cuando bay presents niveks de vohaje de mk de 30V CORFECION DE DEV'LAZAMZW TO (SHIFT COR-
VCM (valor cuadrhtico media) 0 de 42,4V pica. Una buaa RECT R& correcd6n autcm&ica de cero para balancearde
pktica de seguridad es la de espemr que haya voltajes plazaodentos del instnunento.
peligmscs presentcs en cdquier circuito desconocido Fm-Ro (EllTER): Habilita 0 inbabilita el 0 los iiltm s.2k.io
antes de medirlo. rlados.
~GAMAA~GE):UsalasUaverdegamapara~~onar
lmgamade conimte mis elm 0 mAs baja.
CAMBIO GAMA AUTOMATICA (SHIFT AUTO
RANGE)):Sewa pm bab la gamaautodtica.
PREPARACION(SE77lP):Usadocm Uaves tumor o periua
de
No war nin@n objeto que pudka provea un camino a la cc- pal-aNmiigurar la disposiciones
sigulenm d-2activti6n: moda-
tieme al Iado comirn &I circuim bajo prueba o la tiena de la lidad de activtibn, imervalo de activaci6n, demaa de activaci6n.
line3 de energia. fuente de acdvacih.
OPERACION(OPERAlF): Siti k Fueme V del Modelo 487
en Funcionamiu~ta o Espwa.
AC'i7XACION (TRIGGER): Se deprimepara activar una kc-
turd 0 catlauar al almacenamulto de dam.
PREAJUSZE(P~: OS& emrecimv&n-esdela Fueme V
preajustados(s5lo Mod& 487).
CAMBIOS OHMIOS v/c (SHIJT OHMS v7q se optime para
sek@ilmal otios Voltaje coniente.
CONEXIONES TIPICAS
(Mod.90 487 mcsuadoconmado a arreylrio de pm& M&lo 8002A)
- .--------.
w-P--
Circuit0 equivatente
i
SPECIFICATIONS
MAXIMUM READING RATES (readings/second):
VOLTAGE SOURCE (487 only):
IEEE-488 BUS IMPLEMENTATION
contains general information, inclding features, unpack-
ing insimxtions, and a brief description of available acces-
SECTION 1
SO&S.
General Information
Includes an overview of the front panel and rear panel con-
figuration and basic test procedures. Use this information to SECTION 2
getyourMode1486or487up andmmingas quicklyaspos-
sible. Getting Started
This section contains detailed information on operating the
Models 486 and 487 from the front panel.
SECTION 3
Front Panel Operation
Contains information on using the Models 466 and 487 over
the IEEE-488 bus.
SECTION 4
IEEE-488 Reference
Provides the procedures necessary to verify that the Models
486 and 487 are operating within stated specifications.
SECTION 5
Performance Verification
I 1
I I
A description of operating principles for the instrument is lo-
cated in this section. The various analog and digital circuits SECTION 6
are explained. Theory of Operation
Details maintenance procedures for the Models 486 and 487,
including fuse replacement, calibration and troubleshooting.
SECTION 7
Maintenance
Includes replacement parts information, schematic diagrams
and component location drawings for the Model 486 and 487.
SECTION 8
Replaceable Parts
Table of Contents
SECTION 1- General Information
1.1 INTRODUCTION. .................
1.2 FEATURES. .................
1.3 WARRANTY INFORMATION, .................
1.4 MANUAL ADDENDA .................
1.5 SAFETY SYMBOLS and TERMS .................
1.6 SPECIFICATIONS .................
1.7 INSPECTION .................
1.8 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES .................
SECTION 2 - Getting Started
2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................... ......... .............. 2-l
2.2 FRONT AND REAR PANEL CONFIGURATION, ....... ......... .............. 2-l
2.3 BASIC FRONT PANEL OPERATION. ................. ......... .............. 2-5
2.3.1 Current Measurements ............................ ......... .............. 2-6
2.3.2 V/I Ohms Measurements (Model 487) ............... ......... .............. 2-6
2.4 BASIC IEEE-488 OPERATION. ....................... ......... .............. 2-9
2.4.1 Current Measurements Over the Bus ................ ......... .............. 2-11
2.4.2 V/I Ohms Measurements Over the Bus (Model 487) ... ......... .............. 2-11
SECTION 3 - Front Panel Operation
3.1 INTRODUCTION. 3-l
3.2 POWER-UP PROCEDURE 3-1
3.2.1 Line Voltage Setting 3-l
3.2.2 Fuse Replacement 3-l
3.2.3 Power Cord 3-2
3.2.4 Power up Sequence 3-2
3.2.5 Default Conditions 3-2
3.2.6 Line Cycle Integration 3-3
3.2.7 Warm up Period 3-3
3.3 ERROR MESSAGES 3-3
3.4 DATA ENTRY; BASIC RULES 3-4
3.5 CURRENT MEASUREMENTS. 3-5
3.5.1 Current Ranges. 3-5
3.5.2 Autorange 3-5
3.5.3 Zero Check and Correct. 3-5
3.5.4 Filters 3-6
3.5.5 Rel...................................... 3-7
3.5.6 Current Measurements 3-8
3.6 USING THE VOLTAGE SOURCE (Model 487) 3-10
3.6.1 Test Fixture and Interlock 3-10
3.6.2 Adjusting V-Source Level 3-11
3.6.3 Preset ............................................................................. 3-12
3.6.4 I-Limit ............................................................................. 3-13
3.6.5 Operate ............................................................................ 3-13
3.6.6 Basic V-Source Operating Procedure. .................................................. 3-13
3.7 V/I OHMS MEASUREMENTS (Model 487) .............................................. 3-14
3.8 MENU .............................................................................. 3-16
3.8.1 DataStore ......................................................................... 3-16
3.82 DataRecall ......................................................................... 3-17
3.8.3 I-Limit(Model487) ................................................................. 3-18
3.8.4 Integration ......................................................................... 3-18
3.8.5 IEEE-488AddressorTalk.Only ....................................................... 3-19
3.8.6 Defau~s ........................................................................... 3-19
3.8.7 Self-Test ........................................................................... 3-19
3.8.8 Debug ............................................................................. 3-20
3.8.9 Calibrate ........................................................................... 3-20
3.8.10 CalVSRC(Mode1487) .............................................................. 3-20
3.9 FRONTPANELTRIGGERING ......................................................... 3-20
3.9.1 TriggerMode ....................................................................... 3-20
3.9.2 TriggerInterval...............................................................~ ..... 3-21
3.9.3 TriggerDelay ....................................................................... 3-21
3.9.4 Trigger Sources ..................................................................... 3-21
3.9.5 Trigger Examples ................................................................... 3-22
3.10 EXTERNAL TRIGGERING. ............................................................ 3-22
3.10.1 ExternalTrigger .................................................................... 3-23
3.102 Meter Complete .................................................................... 3-23
3.11 DATASTORE ........................................................................ 3-23
3.11.1 Storing Data at Programmed Intervals, ................................................ 3-23
3.112 Triggering One-shot Readings into Data Store .......................................... 3-24
3.11.3 RecallingData ...................................................................... 3-25
3.12 ANALOGOUTPUT ................................................................... 3-25
3.13 TALK-ONLY ......................................................................... 3-27
3.14 OPERATINGEXAMPLES ............................................................. 3-27
3.14.1 Measuring Current Generated by an LED .............................................. 3-27
3.14.2 Resistivity Tests (Model 487) ......................................................... 3-29
3.15 SOURCE VOLTAGE/MEASURE CURRENT (Model 487). ................................. 3-31
3.15.1 Basic Source V/Measure I Configuration. .............................................. 3-31
3.15.2 Testing2-TerminalDevices ........................................................... 3-32
3.16 MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS .................................................. 3-33
3.16.1 Source Resistance. .................................................................. 3-33
3.16.2 SourceCapacitance .................................................................. 3-33
3.16.3 Triboelectric and I'iezoelectric Effects. ................................................. 3-34
3.16.4 Electrostatic Interference. ............................................................ 3-35
3.16.5 ThermalEMFs ...................................................................... 3-35
3.16.6 Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). ................................................... 3-35
3.16.7 GroundLoops ...................................................................... 3-35
3.16.8 Floating Measurements .............................................................. 3-36
SECTION 4- IEEE-488 Reference
4.1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 4-l
4.2 DEVICE-DEPENDENT COMMAND PROGRAMMING ................................... 4-1
4.2.1 A-Display Intensity ............................................................... 4-6
4.2.2 B-ReadingSource ................................................................. 4-7
4.2.3 C . Zero Check and Zero Correct. .................................................... 4-8
4.2.4 D-Display. ...................................................................... 4-9
4.2.5 F-V/IOhms ...................................................................... 4.10
4.2.6 G-DataFormat ................................................................... 4-11
4.2.7 H-HitControl .................................................................... 4-15
4.2.8 J-Self-Tests. ...................................................................... 4-16
4.2.9 K . EOI and Bus Hold-Off. .......................................................... 4-17
.. 4.19
4.2.10 L-Default Condlhons or Calibration. ................................................
4.2.11 M - SRQ Mask and Serial Poll Byte Format ............................................ 4-21
4.2.12 N-DDataStore;ArmandSetSize.. ................................................... 4-24
4.2.13 0-Operate(Mode1487) ............................................................ 4.26
4.2.14 P-Filters ......................................................................... 4-27
4.2.15 Q-Interval ....................................................................... 4-28
4.2.16 R-Range ......................................................................... 4-29
4.2.17 S~IntegrationPeriod ............................................................... 4-30
4.2.18 T-Trigger ........................................................................ 4.31
4.2.19 u-status ......................................................................... 4-32
4.2.20 V-VoltageSource ................................................................. 4-38
4.2.21 W~Delay ......................................................................... 4-39
4.2.22 X-Execute ........................................................................ 4-40
4.2.23 Y-Terminator ..................................................................... 4-41
4.2.24 Z-Relative ....................................................................... 4-42
4.3 GENERAL BUS COMMANDS. ......................................................... 4-44
4.3.1 REN(RemoteEnable) ................................................................ 4-44
4.3.2 IFC (InterfaceClear) ................................................................. 4-44
4.3.3 LLO(LocalLockout) ................................................................. 4-45
4.3.4 GTL (Go To Local) and Local ......................................................... 4-45
4.3.5 DCL(DeviceClear) .................................................................. 4-45
4.3.6 SDC(SelectiveDeviceClear) ......................................................... 4-45
4.3.7 GET (Group Execute Trigger) ......................................................... 4-45
4.3.8 SPE,SPD (Serial Polling) ............................................................. 4-46
4.4 IEEE-488BUSCONNECTIONS ......................................................... 4-46
4.5 PRIMARY ADDRESS SELECTION ...................................................... 4-47
4.6 CONTROLLER PROGRAMMING ...................................................... 4-48
4.7 FRONT PANEL ASPECTS OF IEEE-488 OPERATION ..................................... 4-48
4.7.1 Front PanelError Messages ........................................................... 4-48
4.7.2 IEEE-488 Status Indicators. ........................................................... 4-50
4.7.3 LOCALKey ........................................................................ 4-51
4.8 BUS DATA TRANSMISSION TIMES .................................................... 4-51
SECTION 5 - Performance Verification
5.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 5-l
5.2 ENVIRONMENTALCONDITIONS ..................................................... 5-l
5.3 INITIALCONDITIONS ............................................................... 5-1
5.4 REQUIREDTESTEQUIPMENT ........................................................ 5-l
5.5 VERIFICATION PROCEDURES ........................................................ 5-2
5.5.1 PicoammeterVeri~cation.. .......................................................... 5-2
5.5.2 Voltage Source Verification (Model 487). ............................................... s-4
SECTION 6 - Theory of Operation
6.1 INTRODUCTION 6-l
6.2 ANALOG CIRCUITS. 6-1
6.2.1 Input Amplifier. . 6-1
6.2.2 Analog Filter 6-2
6.2.3 Multiplexer . ..__. .., ., ,., ._, ,_ 6-3
6.2.4 +2.8V Reference 6-3
6.2.5 Analog Output 6-5
6.2.6 Voltage Source (Model 487). . .. 6-5
6.3 ANALOG CONTROL CIRCUITRY. 6-6
6.4 A/D CONVERTER 6-8
6.5 DIGITAL CIRCUITS 6-9
6.5.1 Digital Block Diagram. 6-9
6.5.2 Microcomputer 6-11
6.5.3 Display/Keyboard. 6-12
6.5.4 IEEE-488 Interface . . 6-13
6.6 POWER SUPPLIES 6-14
6.6.1 ACLineInput.......................... 6-14
6.6.2 *15V Supplies 6-14
6.6.3 +5VA Supply. . 6-14
6.6.4 +6.5V Supply. 6-14
SECTION 7 - Maintenance
7.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .._. 7-1
7.2 LINE FUSE REPLACEMENT. 7-l
7.3 CALIBRATION. 7-1
7.3.1 Recommended Calibration Equipment. 7-1
7.3.2 Environmental Conditions 7-2
7.3.3 CAL LOCK Switch. 7-2
7.3.4