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iAPX 286
PROGRAMMER'S
REFERENCE
MANUAL
1983
-.
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Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 Page
INTRODUCTION TO iAPX 286
General Attributes .......... ...... ....................... ....... .......... .......................................................... 1-1
Modes of Operation ..... ............................. ...... .......... ............................................................. 1-2
Advanced Features ...... ..... .................... .... ........ .............. ............ ........................................... 1-2
Memory Management ..... ....... ..... ...... ...... .... .......... ........ ..................................................... 1-2
Task Management ............... ............ ........... ..... .................................................................. 1-3
Protection Mechanisms ...... ............ ...... ...... ....... ................................................................ 1-3
Support for Operating Systems ....... .............. ............ ..... .................................................. 1-4
Organization of This Manual.................... ...... ....................................................................... 1-4
CHAPTER 2
iAPX 286 BASE ARCHITECTURE
Memory Organization and Segmentation ............................................................................. 2-1
Data Types ............................................................................................................................. 2-1
Registers ..................... ................................ ...... .............. ....................................................... 2-6
General Registers .... ............................. ...... .......... ...... ....................................................... 2-6
Memory Segmentation and Segment Registers ............................................................... 2-7
Index, POinter, and Base Registers ......................................................................:........... 2-10
Status and Control Registers ............... ...... .......... ........ ..................................................... 2-14
Addressing Modes ..... ................................ ....... .......... ................................................... ....... 2-15
Operands .......................................................................................................... .................. 2-16
Register and Immediate Modes ........................................................................................ 2-17
Memory Addressing Modes ................. ...... ................ ....................................................... 2-17
Segment Selection ............. ........................ .................................................................... 2-17
Offset Computation ... ............. ................. ................................................................ ....... 2-19
Memory Mode ........ ........ ........... .............. ............................ ........................................... 2-20
Input/Output ........................................................................................................................... 2-22
I/O Address Space .. ...... ......... ........... ...... .... ....................................................................... 2-22
Memory-Mapped I/O .... ..... ......................... ....................................................................... 2-23
Interrupts and Exceptions .................... ...... .... ....................................................................... 2-23
Hierarchy of Instruction Sets ....................... ......... ........... ..................................................... 2-24
CHAPTER 3
BASIC INSTRUCTION SET
Data Movement Instructions ................................................................................................. 3-1
General-Purpose Data Movement Instructions .... ............................................................ 3-1
Stack Manipulation Instructions ........................................................................................ 3-1
Flag Operation with the Basic Instruction Set ...................................................................... 3-5
Status Flags ....................................................................................................................... 3-5
Control Flags ....................................................................................... ......... ...................... 3-5
Arithmetic Instructions ...... .................... ................................................................................. 3-6
Addition Instructions .......................................................................................................... 3-7
Subtraction Instructions ..................................................................................................... 3-7
Multiplication Instructions .................................................................................................. 3-8
Division Instructions ... .......... ...... ....... .... ...... .... ........................ ........................................... 3-9
Logical Instructions .......... ............................ ............ ...... ....................................................... 3-10
Boolean Operation Instructions ............ ......... .................................................................... 3-10
Shift and Rotate Instructions ............ ........ .................... ..................................................... 3-10
Shift Instructions ........................... .......... ....................................................................... 3-11
Rotate Instructions ......................................................................................................... 3-13
Type Conversion and No-Operation Instructions ............................................................. 3-17
Test and Compare Instructions ............................................................................................ 3-17
iii
Table of Contents (cont.)
Page
Control Transfer Instructions ............................................................................. ... ................ 3-17
Unconditional Transfer Instructions .................................................................................. 3-18
Jump Instruction ............................................................................................................. 3-18
Call Instruction .................. ................................................................ ........... ................... 3-20
Return and Return From Interrupt Instruction .............................................................. 3-20
Conditional Transfer Instructions ... ................................................................................... 3-21
Conditional Jump Instructions ....................................................................................... 3-21
Loop Instructions .. ......... ........................................... ................................ ..................... 3-21
Executing a Loop or Repeat Zero Times ........................................... ............. .............. 3-22
Software-Generated Interrupts ............................ ........................................... ... ................ 3-23
Software Intertupt Instruction ........................................................................................ 3-23
Character Translation and String Instructions ..................................................................... 3-23
Translate Instruction .......................................................................................................... 3-23
String Manipulation Instructions and Repeat Prefixes ..................................................... 3-23
String Movement Instructions ..... .................................... ............................... ................ 3-24
Other String Operations .................. ...... ... ........................................ .............................. 3-25
Address Manipulation Instructions ................. ........... ........................................ ................... 3-25
Flag Control Instructions ....................................................................................................... 3-26
Carry Flag Control Instructions ......................................................................................... 3-26
Direction Flag Control Instructions ................................................................ ................... 3-26
Flag Transfer Instructions ... ........................................................................... ................... 3-27
Binary-Coded Decimal Arithmetic Instructions ..................................................................... 3-27
Packed BCD Adjustment Instructions ............................................................................... 3-28
Unpacked BCD Adjustment Instructions .......................................................................... 3-28
Trusted Instructions ...................................................... ........................................................ 3-29
Trusted and Privileged Instructions on POPF and IRET .................................................. 3-29
Machine State Instructions ................................... ........ ................ .................. ................... 3-29
Input and Output Instructions