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Model 251 I-V Test Software
Instruction Manual
Contains Operating Information
WARRANTY
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a
period of 1 year from date of shipment.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables,
rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.
During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be
defective.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in
Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transporta-
tion prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation
prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at
least 90 days.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley's express writ-
ten consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-
rechargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to fol-
low instructions.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE REME-
DIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYERS SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY
DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFTWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS BEEN
ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAMAGES
SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION, LOSSES
SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
Test Instrumentation Group, Keithley Instruments, Inc. l 28775 Aurora Road * Cleveland, Ohio 44139 l (216) 248-0400 l Fax: (216) 248-6168
AUSTRIA: Keithley Instruments GesmbH l Rosenhiigelstrasse l-7 l A-1120 Wien .0222-804-6548 . Fax: 0222-804-3597
FRANCE: Keithley Instruments SARL l 3 All& des Garays l B.l? 60 l 91121 Palaiseau C&+x l 0160-1151-55 l Fax: 01-60-11-77-26
GERMANY: Keithley Instruments GmbH l Landsberger Sh. 65 l D-8034 Gemwring l 089-849307-O l Fax: 089-84930759
GREAT BRITAIN: Keithley Instruments, Ltd. l The Minster l 58 Portman Road l Reading, Berkshire RG3 IEA l 07X-575666 l Fax 0734-596-l69
ITALY Keithley Instruments SRL l Viale S. Gimignano 38 l 20146 Milano l 02-&8303008 l Fax: 0248302274
JAPAN: Keithley Instruments Far Fast KK l Sumiyoshi 24 Bldg., Room 201 l 2-X-2Sumiyoshi-cho l Naka-ku, Yokohama 231 l 81-45-201-2246 l Fax: 81-45-201-2247
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TAIWAN: Keithley Instruments Taiwan l 3rd Floor, Spring Plaza 6 l Section 3, Min Chuan East Road l Taipei, R.O.C. l 8R6-2-501-7065 l Fax: S866-2-509-5329
hstructionManual
Model 251
I-V Test Software
61990, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Test Instrumentation Group
All rights reserved.
Cleveland, Ohio, U.S.A.
Document Number: 251-901-01 Rev. B
AI1 Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other btand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders
Model 251 I-V Test Software
OVERVIEW OFERATING SYSTEM: M!3-DOS or PC-DOS 3.2 kninhum).
INSTRUMENTS CONTROLLED: Model 236/237/238 Source Measure GRAPHICS ADAPTER EGA or VGA color, VGA monochrome.
Units (SMU),Model213QuadVoltageSource,Model707MahixSwitch. COMPATIBLE PRINTERS: IBM Graphics Printers, Epson or compatible,
Model 2361 Trigger Controller is required for 2 or more SMUs. HP LaserJet, IBM Proprinter, and Okidata Microline 182.
TESTS: Control instruments to source and measure current or voltage. COMPATIBLE PLOTTERS HP7440, HP7470, HP7475.
CurveFarnR~SWEEP,SYNCHSWEEP,STEP,andupto3BIASchannels, COMFATIBLE MOUSE: Microsoft or Logitech.
Linear, log, linear pulsed and log pulsed sweeps.
DC Source-Meas& Up to 6 BIAS Channels.
GPIB CONTROL: Provides basic control of any GPIB instrument. Useful
for controlling sources, switch matrices, hot chucks, and probers. IEEE-488 (GPIB) INTERFACE CARDS SUPPORTED
707 MATRIX SUPPORT: Upload and download setups (up to 100 Advantech PCL 748
memories). B&C PC488A
DATA DISPLAY: Graphic or list display. BBS GPIB-1000
.- an
XY or XYY Graph Axer Manual or auto scale, linear or log, labeled, X- CaPital Equipment rcc>4u,4x488, P5-9488
axis and Y-axis invert. Contec GPIB (PC)
Overlay two sets of reference data on original. Hewlett Packard HPIB
IBM GPIB board
GRAPHIC ANALYSIS: Dual data curve markers with data value readout. ICS 488-PC1
Line Display Between markers. Readout slope, l/slope, X- and Y- IOtech GP488, GP488/2
intercept. Zoom between markers. Filter data curve. Keithley PC488CEC, 4-488-CEC-OM, 4+488-CEC-lM, P%W-CEC
Gain/Ratio Calculation: DC or differential. Data array or point. Graphic MetraByte IE-488
display or readout referenced to marker position. Used for Beta, g,,, or National Instruments GPIB-PC, GPIB-PC& GPIB-PCRA, GPIB-PClII,
resistsnce. MC-GPIB, AT-GPIB
PRINT/FLOTr Hardcopy output of any screen to printer,or output graphic Qua Tech MXI-100, I&XI-1000
display to plotter. Scientific Solutions IEEE 488 LM, MC-IEEE 488
FILES: Data File: Contains Data, test, GPIB and display parameters. Ziatech ZT 1444,ZT/2
Test Setup File: Contains Test, GPIB and display parameters.
l~dw.rnrn, P,%nGm.e+inn lxia. Prm+*;na uwucullell, ..*..7-
. ..".a-.-... b".Y.~w.mU"`. a Y.G.b"AIba.AW r"rk...... ..I. ,mn,sa,
GPIB addresses, Trigger Controller channels.
SUPPLIED TEST LIBRARY
Test Sequence Files: Contains the user's pre-programmed test
The Test Library provides default settings for the Test, 707 Matrix, GPIB
sequence 64!XlI file).
Control, Data Display and Graphic Analysis screens.
787 Filer Contains 707 matrix setups.
FET TESTS: Curve Family, Threshold Voltage, Transconductance, Break-
Data Ex~ort/Irnportr Contains Da& array names and units. Lotus down, and Leakage.
(.WKl) and ASCII (.ASC).
BIPOLAR TESTS: Curve Family, Gummel Plot, Current Gain, Break-
AUTOMATICTESTSEQUENCES:Programanysequenceoftests,prints, down, and Leakage (linear and pulsed sweeps).
plots, 707 downloads, data save/acport, prompts and display, for at-
tendedorunattendedoperation. Printingorplottingcanbedoneoff-line DIODE TESTS: I-V Curve, Reverse Breakdown, Zener Voltage.
(after acquisition). COMPONENT TESTS: Capacitor Leakage, Resistor Voltage Coefficient.
MEASUREMENT CAPACITY LIMITS: A curve in the Curve Family Test EXAMPL.E GPIB CONTROL: 213 Quad Voltage Source, 707 Switching
may contain up to 1000 points. Up to six source arrays and up to six Matrix and hot chuck.
measurement arrays can be created by each test. Each array is limited to TEST SEQUENCES: Bipolar tests, multiple diodes.
4000 Points. The maximum number of arrays and tests is limited only by
the available disk storage space.
HELP: On-line, context sensitive, with index. MATERIALS PROVIDED
Instruction Manual
Diskettes: 720kb 3tis inch and 1.2Mb 5v, inch containing installation,
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS program, test library, and sample data.
MINIMUM HOST COMFUTERr IBM compatible 80386,640kb Conven-
tional RAM (53Ok or 542720 bytes free) plus 1Mb of LIM expanded
memory, hard drive (2MB free), 720kb 3v2inch or 1.2Mh 5v, inch floppy Specifications subject to change without notice.
drive, Intel 80387 math coprocessor, EGA color monitor and graphics
card, parallel Port.
INTRODUCTION
This addendum to the Model 251 InstructionManual is being provided to supply you with the
latestinformationin the least possibletime. Pleaseincorporatethe followinginformationinto the
manual.
LOADING AND SAVING FILES
An enhancementto the Model 251 I-V Test Softwareis its abilityto perform file operationsfrom
the CURVE FAMILY TEST and DC SOURCE-MEASURE TEST forms. You no longer have to re-
turn to the main menu to load/save data, test setup, instrument configuration,and 707 files, or
import/export ASCIIand Lotus formattedfiles.(Loadingsequencefilesremainsa main menu op-
eration.)
This load/save enhancementis implementedwith function keys. The 4% key loads (and im-
ports) files and the key saves (and exports) file.
When the cl% key is pressed from the CURVE FAMILY TESTor DC SOURCE-MEASURETEST
form, the followingpop-up is displayed:
Load Data File I
Load Test File
Load Inst. Cf. File
Load 707 File
hn~ortm File
Imbort Lotus File 1
Use the cursor to selectthe desiredoperationand press .When loadingtest setup and data
files,you are reminded that loadingoverwritesold test parametersand data. If you continue, the
next screen prompts for a filename in the usual manner. After the tile is loaded or imported you
are returned to the appropriate test form.
When the key is pressed from the CURVE FAMILY TESTor DC SOURCE-MEASURETEST
form, the followingpop-up is displayed:
Save Data File
Save Test File
Save Inst. Cfg. File
Save 707 File
Import ASCII File
Import Lotus File
Use the cursor to select the desired operationand press .The next screen prompts for a file
name in the usual manner. After the fileis saved or exported you are returned to the appropriate
test form.
SEQUENCER DELAY COMMAND
A DELAY command has been added to the test sequencer.It forces the sequencerto wait a speci-
fied interval before processing the next command. This allows for thermal settlingbetween tests
or sending GPIB commands to other instruments.The DELAY command has the form:
DELAY: delay-value
where delay-value may be specifiedin seconds or dd:hh:mrn:ssfor days, hours, minutes, and sec-
onds (expressedin positiveintegers).There is a maximum of three colons in the delay-value field,
plus one that must follow the DELAY command.
During the time delay, the screen displaysthe seconds remaining.You can press delay. The followingexamples show legal and illegalforms:
DELAY: 0 zero seconds
DELAY: illegalvalue
DELAY: : zero seconds
DELAY:3::120:100 3 days, 120 minutes, 100 seconds
Table of Contents
SECTION 1 - General Information
1.1 INTRODU~ON .............................................................. l-l
1.2 FEATURES ................................................................... 1-l
1.3 WARRANTYINFORMATION .................................................... l-2
1.4 MANUALADDENDA .......................................................... l-2
1.5 sAFETysyMBoLsANDTERMs .................................................. l-2
1.6 UNFACKINGANDINSPECTION.. ............................................... l-2
1.6.1 UnpackingProcedure.. ....................................................... l-2
1.6.2 ShipmentContents ........................................................... l-2
1.6.3 InstructionManual ........................................................... l-2
1.7 COMPUTERREQUIREMENTS ................................................... l-3
1.7.1 ComputerHardware .......................................................... l-3
1.7.2 IEEE-488Interfaces.. ......................................................... l-3
1.7.3 Printers and Plotters .......................................................... l-3
SECTION 2 - Getting Started
2.1 ~ODUCTION .............................................................. 2-l
2.2 HARDWARECONFIGURATION ................................................. 2-l
2.2.1 SystemBlockDiagram ........................................................ 2-l
2.2.2 system coNlections .......................................................... 2-4
2.3 sYsTEMPowER-ulJ ........................................................... 2-13
2.3.1 InstrumentPower Requirements ................................................. 2-13
2.3.2 PowerConnections ........................................................... 2-13
2.3.3 EnvironmentalConditions ..................................................... 2-13
2.3.4 Warm-upperiod ............................................................. 2-13
2.3.5 Power-upprocedure .......................................................... 2-13
2.4 COMPUTERHARDWAREAND SOWARE INSTALLATION ........................... 2-15
2.4.1 IEEE-488 InterfaceCard Installation .............................................. 2-15
2.4.2 CopyProtedionBlock ......................................................... 2-16
2.4.3 SoftwareBackup ............................................................. 2-16
2.4.4 SoftwareInstallationand Configuration ........................................... 2-17
2.4.5 SoftwareReconfiguration ...................................................... 2-18
2.5 OPERATIONOVERVIEW ....................................................... 2-19
2.5.1 RunningtheSoftware.. ....................................................... 2-19
2.5.2 DosMemoryRequirement ..................................................... 2-20
2.5.3 ExpandedMemoryRequirement ................................................. 2-21
2.5.4 SettingUp Printers and Plotters ................................................. 2-21
2.5.5 MainMenuOptions .......................................................... 2-22
2.5.6 UsingFunctionKeys .......................................................... 2-24
2.5.7 HowtoGetHelp ............................................................. 2-25
2.5.8 Configuringthe IEEE-488 Card .................................................. 2-26
2.5.9 ConfiguringtheInstruments .................................................... 2-27
2.6 SYSTEMCHECKOUT .......................................................... 2-28
2.6.1 Running SimpleTests ......................................................... 2-28
2.6.2 SystemTroubleshooting ....................................................... 231
SECTION 3 - Measurements
3.1 INTRODUclTION.............................................................. 3-l
3.2 MEAS~OVFRVIEW ................................................... 3-l
3.3 DATAENTRY ................................................................ 3-2
3.4 INSTRUMENTCONFIGURATION ................................................ 3-5
3.4.1 DEFINE INSTRUMENTS Form .................................................. 3-5
3.4.2 ParameterDescription ........................................................ 3-7
3.5 CURVEFAMILYTESTS ......................................................... 3-9
3.5.1 CURVEFAMILYTESTForm ................................................... 3-9
3.5.2 ParameterDescription ........................................................ 3-11
3.5.3 Curve Family Test Examples .................................................... 3-16
3.6 DcsOuRcEANDMEAsuRETESTs ............................................... 3-23
3.6.1 DcSOuRcE-MEAsuRETEsTFo~ .............................................. 3-23
3.6.2 ParameterDescription ........................................................ 3-25
3.6.3 DC Source-MeasureTest Examples ............................................... 3-28
3.7 GPlBINPUT/OTJTPUI ......................................................... 3-30
3.7.1 GENERALGPIBOUTPUTForm ................................................. 3-30
3.7.2 ParameterDescription ........................................................ 3-32
3.7.3 GPIBCommands ............................................................ 3-32
3.7.4 GPIB DisplayFields .......................................................... 3-33
3.7.5 Model707Fields ............................................................. 3-33
3.7.6 Uploading and Downloading ................................................... 3-35
3.7.7 System Troubleshootingwith the GPlB Form ....................................... 3-36
SECTION 4 - Data Display
4.1 INTRODUcIloN .............................................................. 4-l
4.2 DISl?LAYOVERVIEW .......................................................... 4-2
4.3 DISPLAYPV.. ...................................................... 4-3
4.3.1 DispIayParametersScreen ..................................................... 4-3
4.32 Parameter Description ........................................................ 4-6
4.4 GRAPHICSDISPLAY ........................................................... 4-16
4.4.1 Graphics Screen Format ....................................................... 4-16
4.4.2 AnalysisToolDescription ...................................................... 4-18
4.5 LISTDATA .................................................................. 4-30
4.5.1 ListingCurveData ........................................................... 4-30
4.5.2 ListingDCData ............................................................. 4-33
4.6 PRINTINGANDPLOITING ..................................................... 4-37
4.6.1 Printer/PlotterConfiguration ........................................... . ....... 4-37
4.6.2 Printing or Plotting from a Graphics Screen ......................................... 4-37
4.6.3 Printing from a Display List Screen ............................................... 4-40
4.6.4 Printing or Plotting from Other Screens ............................................ 4-40
4.6.5 Using GRAPHICS.COM Graphics Screen Dump to Printer ...........................
for 4-40
4.7 DISPLAYEXAMPLES .......................................................... 440
4.7.1 DisplayingaGraphfromaDataFiIe .............................................. 4-40
4.7.2 GraphicalAnalysis Example .................................................... 4-42
4.7.3 GraphOverlay ..............................................................
4.7.4 SecondYAxis(Y2)Graphing ................................................... 446
4.7.5 ListingData ................................................................ 4-48
4.7.6 Printing/PlottingData ........................................................ 4-48
SECTION 5 - File Operations
5.1 INTRODUCTION.............................................................. 5-l
5.2 FILETYPES .................................................................. 5-l
5.2.1 TestSetupFiles .............................................................. 5-2
5.2.2 DataFiles .................................................................. 5-2
5.2.3 InstrumentConfigurationFiles .................................................. 5-2
5.2.4 Import/ExportFormatFiles .................................................... 5-3
5.2.5 DefaultDirectories ........................................................... 5-3
5.3 LOADINGFILES .............................................................. 5-3
5.4 SAvINGFnES ................................................................ 54
5.5 RENAMINGnES ............................................................. 5-5
5.6 DELETINGFnES .............................................................. 5-5
5.7 EXPORT/IMPORTDATA ....................................................... 5-5
5.7.1 ExportData ................................................................ 5-6
5.7.2 ImportFiles ................................................................ 5-6
5.7.3 Export/Import Data Format .................................................... 5-7
5.7.4 ASCIIExport/ImportDataFormat ............................................... S-10
SECTION 6 - Test Sequencer
6.1 ~ODU~ON .............................................................. 6-l
6.2 TESTSEQUENCEROVERVIEW ................................................... 6-l
6.3 TESTSEQUENCEFILE ......................................................... 6-2
6.3.1 TestSequenceGrammar ....................................................... 6-2
6.3.2 MessageS~eens ............................................................. 65
6.3.3 METACommands ........................................................... 6-5
6.3.4 TESTCommand.. ........................................................... 6-6
6.3.5 LOOP...ENDLOOPCommand .................................................. 6-8
6.3.6 CONFIGCommand .......................................................... 6-10
63.7 PROMpTCommand .......................................................... 6-10
6.3.8 707FILECommand.. ......................................................... 6-12
6.4 PARSER ..................................................................... 6-13
6.5 ERRORFnES ................................................................. 6-14
6.6 SAMPLETESTSEQUENCE . . . . ..-............................................... 6-14
A SoftwareStructure ............................................................. A-l
B ErrorMessages ................................................................ B-l
C Model 2361 Trigger Controller .................................................... C-l
D TestLibrary .................................................................. D-l
List of Illustrations
SECTION 2 - Getting Started
Figure 2-l BlockDiagramofTestSystemwithModel251Software ............................ 2-3
Figure 2-2 Model 2361 Trigger ControllerFront and Rear Panels .............................. 2-4
Figure 2-3 SingleUnit Connectionswith Model 8006 Test Fixtures ............................. 2-6
Figure 2-4 SingleUnit Connectionswith Model 8002A Test Fixture (Local Sense only) .............. 2-7
Figure 2-5 MultipleUnit Signaland InterlockConnections- Local Sense ........................ 2-8
Figure 2-6 MultipleUnit Signaland InterlockConnections- Remote Sense ...................... 2-9
Figure 2-7 MultipleUnit Trigger and Bus Connections ...................................... 2-10
Figure 2-8 Example SignalConnectionswith Model 213 ..................................... 2-l 1
Figure 2-9 Example SignaIConnectionswith Model 7072 .................................... 2-12
Figure 2-l 0 Model 213 DIP Switch Factory Defaults ......................................... 2-14
Figure 2-l 1 Copy Protection Block ...................................................... 2-16
Figure 2-12 Example of MODEL25KFG File ............................................. 2-18
Figure 2-13 MainMenuScreen ........................................................ 2-19
Figure 2-14 MainMenuOptions ....................................................... 2-23
Figure 2-15 HelpIndexScreen ......................................................... 2-25
Figure 2-16 GPIB ConfigurationForm Screen ............................................. 2-26
Figure 2-17 DefineInstrumentsForm Screen .............................................. 2-27
Figure 2-l 8 Schematicfor Diode Forward Biased I-V Characteristics ............................ 2-29
Figure 2-l 9 Diode Forward Biased I-V Characteristics ....................................... 2-30
Figure 2-20 Schematicfor NPN TransistorCommon Emitter Curve Family ....................... 231
Figure 2-21 NPN Transistor Common Emitter Curve Family .................................. 2-32
SECTION 3 - Measurements
Figure 3-l DEFINE INSTR UMENTsForm ............................................... 3-6
Figure 3-2 Model 2361 Rear Panel DIP Switch ............................................ 3-7
Figure 3-3 CURVEFAMILYTESTForm ................................................ 3-10
Figure 3-4 Curves per Family versus Points per Curve ...................................... 3-15
Figure 3-5 Sample SingleChannelTest Parameters ........................................ 3-18
Figure 3-6 SampleMuItichannel Test Parameters .......................................... 3-20
Figure 3-7 DC SOURCE-MEASURE Test Form ........................................... 3-24
Figure 3-8 Sample DC Source-MeasureTest Parameters ..................................... 3-29
Figure 3-9 GENERAL GPIB OUTPUT Form .............................................. 331
Figure 3-10 Model 236/237/238 SerialPoIIByte Format ...................................... 3-33
Figure 3-l 1 Uploading and StoringSetups ................................................ 3-34
Figure 3-12 Leading and DownloadingSetups ............................................ 3-34
Figure 3-13 CheckingStatusofModel213 ................................................ 3-38
SECTION 4 - Data Display
Figure 41 DISPLAY PARAMETEES Screen (GraphicsMode) ................................ 44
Figure 42 Colors/Curve Labels Window ............................................... 49
Figure 43 DCGainWindow ......................................................... 4-11
Figure 44 DifferentialGain Menu ..................................................... 4-13
Figure 4-5 OverlayFormMenu ....................................................... 4-15
Figure 46 Graphics Display Screen .................................................... 4-16
Figure 47 Example Plot with Markers Activated .......................................... 4-19
Figure 48 Example Plot with Line Feature Activated ....................................... 4-22
Figure 49 Horiz. zo,omExample ...................................................... 4-24
Figure 410 OverlayExample ......................................................... 426
Figure 411 A. Non-inverted and Inverted Curves ......................................... 428
Figure 411 B. Non-inverted and Inverted Curves (Cont.) ................................... 4-29
Figure 412 List Mode Display Parameters Screen (Curve Test) ................................ 431
Figure 413 Curve Data List Display .................................................... 4-32
Figure 414 L&t Mode Display DC Parameters Screen ....................................... 4-33
Figure 415 ListDisplayScreenFormatforDCTest ......................................... 435
Figure 416 Plot Graph Example ....................................................... 4-38
Figure 417 PrintGraphExample ...................................................... 4-39
Figure 418 Typical Plotting Example Using NPNCRV.DAT .................................. 442
Figure 419 Example Plot Showing Lines and Markers ....................................... 4-44
Figure 420 Graph Overlay Example .................................................... 4-46
Figure 421 Gummel Plot Example ..................................................... 4-47
SECTION 5 - Data Display
Figure 5-l FileExportFormat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-8
Figure 5-2 Actual Example of File Export . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-9
Figure 53 Model 251 V2.00 ASCIIImport/Export File . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-11
SECTION 6 - Test Sequencer
Figure 6-l Test Execute Flow Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7
List of Tables
SECTION 1 - General Information
Table 1-l Computer Hardware Requirements .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . .. . . .. l-3
SECTION 2 - Getting Started
Table 2-l Signaland InterlockCables .................................................. 24
Table 2-2 IEEE-488 Boards and Default Configurations ..................................... 2-15
Table 2-3 Model 251 Errors Messages on Start-up ......................................... 2-20
Table 2-4 Supported Configurationsfor PeripheralDevices ................................. 2-21
Table 2-5 LoadandSaveFileTypes ................................................... 2-24
Table 2-6 AvailableFunctionKeys.. .................................................. 2-25
Table 2-7 Typical Interrupt Line Assignments ........................................... 2-27
Table 2-8 System Troubleshooting Summary ............................................ 2-31
SECTION 3 - Measurements
Table 3-l EditingKeyFunctions ...................................................... 3-4
Table 3-2 Order of User Actions ...................................................... 3-35
Table 3-3 Uploading and DownloadingSupport for Instruments ............................. 3-35
SECTION 5- File Operations
Table 5-l FileType . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-2
Table 5-2 Typical DefaultDirectories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . f. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
SECTION 1
General Information
1 .i INTRODUCTION Other Keithley and non-Keithley instruments are sup-
ported with user-programmed device-dependent com-
This section contains overview information for the mands.
Model 251 I-V Test Software system and is arranged as
follows:
Key Model 231 features include:
1.2 Features
l The menu-driven software allows easy data collection
1.3 Warranty Information of parameters from semiconductors and other compo-
nents. No computer programming knowledge is nec-
1.4 Manual Addenda essary to operate the system
l The data is displayed on the computer monitor and
1.5 Safeiy!i$nbols..a... a...y~~.a."`S
and Terms can be printed or plotted on a hardcopy peripheral.
--- --r `0
l craphi& analysis caiabilit& i&cl&e m&kers, line
slope, zooming, and smoothing.
1.7 Computer Requirements l A library of tests is included for resistors, capacitors,
diodes, bipolar transistors, and FEIS. Test setup and
1.2 FEATURES sample data files are included on disk.
l A test sequencing procedure lets you chain multiple
Model 251 I-V Test Software is a program that controls a tests without operator interventions.
system of instruments designed to measure I-V charac- l Full Model 213 support provides an easy method of in-
teristics of semiconductors. Model 251 can be configured terfacing a four-channel voltage bias source.
to support the following instruments: l Model 707 support for uploading and downloading of
up to 100setups expands the capability to run multiple
l Model 236/237/238 Source Measure Units tests on multiple devices.
e Model 2361 Trigger Controller l The Model 2361 Trigger Controller that is available
l Model 213 Quad Voltage Source simplifies trigger connections and optimizes trigger
l Model 707 Switching Matrix response times among the source measure units.
l-l
SECTION 1
GeneralInformation
1.3 WARRANTY INFORMATION A CAUTION heading outlines dangers that could dam-
age an instrument. Such damage may invalidate the war-
Warranty information is located on the inside front cover ranty.
of this instruction manual. Should you require warranty
service, contact your Keithley representative or the fac-
tory for further information. 1.6 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION
1.6.1 Unpacking Procedure
1.4 MANUAL ADDENDA
Upon receiving the Model 251, carefully unpack it from
Any improvements or changes concerning Model 251I-V the shipping carton and inspect all items for any obvious
Test Software or this instruction manual will be ex- physical damage. Report any such damage to the ship-
plained on a separate addendum supplied with the docu- ping agent at once. Save the original packing carton for
mentation. Please be sure to note these changes and in- possible future reshipment.
corporate them into the manual before operating the sys-
tem.
1.6.2 Shipment Contents
1.5 SAFETY SYMBOLS AND TERMS
The following items are included with every Model 251
The following safety symbols and terms may be found on order:
the instruments or used in this manual:
Model 251 distribution disks (XM-byte, 5-l/4" and
72OK-byte, 3-l /2")
The A ' symbol on an instrument indicates that you Copy protection block
should consult the operating instructions in the associ- Model 251 Instruction Manual
ated manual.
NOTE
Model 251 distribution disks are available
The t symbol on an instrument shows that high voltage upon request in the 36OK-byte,5-l/4" format.
may be present on the terminal(s). Use standard safety Contact Keithley's Applications department.
precautions to avoid personal contact with these volt-
ages.
1.6.3 Instruction Manual
A WARNING heading in this and other manuals cau-
tions against possible hazards that could lead to personal If an additional instruction manual is required, order the
injury or death. Always read the associated information manual package, 251-901-00. The manual package in-
very carefully before performing the indicated proce- cludes an instruction manual and any applicable ad-
dure. denda.
l-2
SECTION 2
GeneralInformafion
1.7 COMPUTER REQUIREMENTS IBM GPIB board
ICS 488-PC1
The following paragraphs discuss minimum and recom- IOtech GP488,Gl'488/2
mended computer requirements, supported interface Keithley PC-488-CEC,4-488-CEC-OM,4-488-CEC-lM,
cards, printers, and plotters. PS-488-CEC
MetraByte IE-488
National Instruments GPIB-PC, GPIB-PCII,
1.7.1 Computer Hardware GPIB-PCJIA, GPIB-PCm, MC-GPIB, AT-GPIB
Qua Tech MXI-100, MXI-1000
Scientific Solutions IEEE 488 LM, MC-IEEE 488
Model 251I-V Test Software is intended to run on an IBM ziatech ZT 1444,zT/2
Personal System/2 (80386) or IBM compatible 80386
computer. Table l-l summarizes the computer configu-
ration.
1.7.3 Printers and Plotters
NOTE To obtain hard copies of your curves, it will be necessary
Although Model 251 software will run on an for you to connect a suitable printer (serial or parallel) or
80286-basedcomputer, an 80386based com- plotter (serial or IEEE-4881 your computer. Compatible
to
puter is recommended for speed considera- printers and plotters for Model 251 software are as fol-
tions. lows:
1.7.2 IEEE-488 Interfaces Printers
IBM Graphics Printer, Epson or compatible
The computer must be equipped with a suitable IEEE-488
HP LaserJet
interface so that it can communicate with the instru-
IBM Proprinter
ments. IEEE-488interfaces supported by Model 251 soft-
Okidata Microline 182
ware are listed below:
Advantech PCL 748
B&C PC488A Plotters
BBSGPIB-1000
Capital Equipment PCc488,4x488, PSo488 HP 7440
Contec GPIB (PC) HP 7470
Hewlett Packard HPlB HP 7475
Table l-l. Computer Hardware Requirements
Description Requirements
Computer IBM compatible 80386with parallel port
64OKBconventional memory (53OKBfree), 1MB of LlM expanded memory
Coprocessor Intel 80387
Disk drives Hard drive, 72OKB3-l /2" or 1.2MB 5-l /4" floppy drive
Monitor/graphics card EGA or VGA color, VGA monochrome
Mouse Microsoft or Lotitech mouse
Operating system MS-DOS or PC-"m 3.2
l-3
SECTION 2
Getting Stc[&cJ
2.1 INTRODUCTION 2.2 HARDWARE CONFIGURATION
5eciion 2 contains introductory information to help you 2.2.1 System Block Diagram
get your system up and running as quickly as possible.
Section 3 contains more detailed information on using An overall block diagram of a system for running Model
the Model 251 I-V Test Software. 251 software is shown in Figure 2-l. This configuration
with two source measure units, a quad voltage source,
and a switching card and mainframe, is a typical system
5ection 2 is organized as follows: with switching, yours may differ. The various system
components perform the following functions:
22 Hardware Configuration: Details the system hard-
ware contiguration, cable connections, and trigger con-
troller. Model 236/237/238 Source Measure Units - Each
source measure unit can source voltage and simultane-
2.3 System Power-up: Covers the power-up procedure ously measure current, or source current and simultane
for a typical system, environmental conditions, and ously measure voltage. One unit is necessary to run two-
warm-up periods. terminal device tests, while two units are required to run
bipolar transistor and FET tests. If a substrate bias is re-
quired, a third source measure unit, a quad voltage
2.4 Computer Hardware and Software Installation: source, or a current or voltage source will be necessary.
Outlines installing the IEEE-488 interface and Model 251
software, including configuring the software for a graph-
ics adapter, printer, and plotter.
Model 2361 Trigger Controller - A Model 2361 Trigger
Controller is a bus-programmable instrument that is re-
2.5 Operation Overview: Describes the overall structure quired for all tests where more than one source measure
of the Model 251 I-V Test Software and details configur- unit is configured to measure (including synchronized
ing the software for the IEEE-488 interface and instru- sweeps). The unit can handle the triggering needs of up
ments. to six source measure units. It not only simplifies system
trigger connections, but it also coordinates the trigger
2.6 System Checkout: Gives the procedure for checking schemesneeded for ah tests. The front and rear panels of
out the system to ensure that everything is working prop- the Model 2361 are shown in Figure 2-2. Refer to Appen-
erly, including running sample tests. dix C for more information on the Model 2361.
2-l
SECTION 2
Getting Started
Model 213 Quad Voltage Source - The Model 213 is a Model 8006Component Test Fixture -The test fixture is
quad output digital to analog converter interface for the the interface between the DUT (device under test) and
IEEE-488bus. Each port can be programmed for full scale the instruments. The Model 8006 includes sockets for ax-
output of *lV, i5V, or flOV. ial-component, TO packages,and 24-pin DIP package de-
vices. A Model 8007 Semiconductor Test Fixture or a us-
er-supplied test fixture could also be used.
Model 707 Switching Matrix - The Model 707 is a pro-
grammable switch for connecting signal paths in a matrix
or multiplex topology. It is for large-scale switching ap-
plications (up to 576 crosspoints per mainframe). Plug-in Computer - An IBM F'S/2 (or compatible), or a
cards are available for general purpose and special pur- 386-based computer, equipped with an IEEE-488 inter-
pose switching. face card, controls the test systern.
SECTION 2
Getting Started
m i Semiconductor Matrix Card
II I -1
I II I-
HI I
L J
MO&l 251 sonwara
0
0
0
Q&l t I t I
IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
Cwnputer CHl CH2 CH3
IBM AT, P.Y2 (or compafibb). (
ora336+wdoompufsrtih > . Modsl23s1
IEEE-488 Inferfaa
Trlggsf Controller
CH4 CH5 CHfi
IN OUT IN OUT IN OUT
fdOl@S:
1. signal conlwctiotls mada wifh kdel707fJ-TRX Tfiax cabbs.
2 1-r connecUonr male wifh Model 7OWCoax Cab!+%
3. IEEE-483 contwclionr mada wifh Model 7007 Inferfax C&k
4. subosse~ Of Model 707 swwing Maftfx.
Figwe2-2. Block Diagram of Test Systemwith Model 251 Software
2-3
SECl'TOiVP
Getting Started
2361 Front Panel
2361 Rear Panel
Figure 2-2. Model 2361 Front and RearPanels
Table 2-l. Signal and Interlock Cables
Model Description Application
7078TRX 0.9m (also 3m or 6m) low noise triax cable Signal connections between 236/237/238,7072 and
8006or8002A
236-TLC-3 3m shielded cable Interlock co~eCtions between 236/237/238 and
8006or8OOL4
7051 0.6m (also 1.5m or 3m) BNC cable fRG38C) Trigger COM~C~~OIIS between 236/237/238 and
2361;unguarded signal COMWtiOIlS
707&TRx- 3-slat male triax to BNC adapter Unguarded signal connections between
BNC 236/237/238,7072 and coax cables
7007 lm (also 2m) shielded IEEE-488 cable IEEE-488 instrument bus
2.2.2 System Connections Using Figure 2-3 and Figure 2-4 as a guide for a single
source measure unit, and Figure 2-5 through Figure 2-7
Table 2-l summarizes the necessary cables for a test sys- for multiple source measure units, connect the equip-
tem with Model 236/237/238 Source Measure Units, a ment together as shown. For test systems using a Model
Model 2361 Trigger Controller, a Model 707 Switching 213 Quad Voltage Source or a Model 7072Semiconductor
Mainframe with a Model 7072 Semiconductor Matrix Matrix Card, see Figure 2-8 and Figure 2-9.
Card, and a Model 8006 or 8002A Test Fixture.
24
SECTION 2
Getting Started
WARNING sensing requires connecting only two signal cables be-
All equipment should be turned off when tween the source measure unit and the test fixture (OUT-
making connections. F'UT HI and OUTPUT LO). Also, the appropriate mp-
ers between the test fixture signal panel and the compo-
nent test module must be installed.
WARNING
Safety interlocks must be used to protect the
operator from potentially lethal voltages To optimize accuracy, you should use remote sensing in
that could result in injury or death. Keithley any of the examples (remote sensing is recommended for
source measure units are designed to be used optimal accuracy with currents above ImA). To use re-
with test fixtures that incorporate a safety in- mote sensing, connect SENSE HI and SENSE LO to the
terlock switch, such as the Keithley Model test fixture, and add the necessary jumpers to the DUT.
8006 Test Fixture. By using the interlock, the SeeSection 2 of the Model 236/237/238 Operator's Man-
source measure unit cannot source current or ual for complete details on test connections.
voltage when the lid of the test fixture is
open. Refer to paragraph 2.3 in the Model
23612371238 Operatois Manual for more in- WARNING
formation on interlock usage for the Model With remote sensing enabled, an open sense
8006 and custom test fixtures. lead will result in lethal voltages appearing
at OUTPUT HI and, GUARD. This voltage
can cause injury or death, and damage exter-
WARNING nal circuitry. Always make sure that the
The test fixtures must be connected to safety sense leads are properly connected before
earth ground using 818 AWG or larger wire. enabling remote sense. NEVER change con-
nections with power applied. Be sure to al-
ways discharge and/or disconnect external
To simplify test connections, most examples in this man- power sources.
ual use local sensing for the source measure units. Local
2-s
SECTION 2
To IEEE438 Interfisca
of Computer
source MeasureUnit 1 I I
7007 IEEE468
l%tM
A. Local Sense
To IEEE- Intedaa
of czoqwter
I
Source Measure Unit
6. Remote Sense
Figure 2-3. Single SourceMeasure Unit Connectionswith Model 8006 Test Fixtures
2-6
SECTION 2
Getting Started
Not.: Setfbttunswflohfor
sounx nmasum opnraffon.
8002A Test Fixture
1 ------ 1 WARMNQ : Safe oaftmfbn rwuinr the use of
.-. __..__. -
ctewbsafatveafthamu
I-
e g;;ol-488
of Computer
Source Measure Unit
700;7lE&E48Ei
Figure24 Single SourceMeasure Unit Connectionswith Model 8002A TestFixture @ma1Senseonly)
2-7
SECTION 2
Getting Started
WARNINQ : Safetv interbxks
Not. : Jumpers am shown for
03mmon-emitter curves
urkg local SeXI.
-SImdadJunlm
+707&TRx
Triax Cabkr
236-lLC-3
klmdookcabls
t-
Sourca Measure Unit #2
1
Transistor
Under -rest