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User's Guide
for the DOS Operating System
(OEM VERSION)
PC DOS 6.1
Note --------------~----------------------------------------~
Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general
information under Appendix C, "Notices" on page 417.
First Edition (June 1993)
The following paragraph does not apply to the United Kingdom or any country where such
provisions are inconsistent with local law: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION
PROVIDES THIS PUBLICATION "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY
OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Some states do not allow disclaimer of express or
implied warranties in certain transactions, therefore, this statement may not apply to you.
This publication could include technical inaccuracies or typographical errors. Changes are periodically
made to the information herein; these changes will be incorporated in new editions of the publication. IBM
may make improvements and/or changes in the product(s) and/or the program(s) described in this
publication at any time.
It is possible that this publication may contain reference to, or information about, IBM products (machines
and programs), programming, or services that are not announced in your country. Such references or
information must not be construed to mean that IBM intends to announce such IBM products,
programming, or services in your country.
Requests for technical information about IBM products should be made to your IBM Authorized Dealer or
your IBM Marketing Representative.
Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1981, 1993. All rights reserved.
Note to U.S. Government Users - Documentation related to restricted rights - Use, duplication or
disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp.
Contents
About This Book ix
Related Documentation ix
What's New x
Optional Tools xi
Commands .. xii
Device Drivers xii
Multiple Configuration Commands xiii
Keyboard and Code Page Support xiii
Part 1. Using the DOS Operating System
Chapter 1. Learning Basic DOS Concepts 3
Understanding Files 3
Working with Files 7
Understanding Directories 14
Understanding Paths ... 16
Working with Directories . 17
Viewing Directory Contents 19
Viewing Groups of File Names in a Directory 20
Making Di rectories 20
Deleting Directories 21
Copying Directories 23
Chapter 2. Configuring Your System 27
Bypassing CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT Commands 28
Using CONFIG.SYS Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Using Multiple Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Specifying Startup Commands in Your AUTOEXEC.BAT File 44
Chapter 3. Managing Disks 49
Types of Disks ....... . 49
Types of Diskette Drives 50
Considerations for Formatting Disks 51
Labeling a Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Recovering Files from Defective Disks 57
Chapter 4. Partitioning Your Hard Disk 59
Understanding Hard-Disk Partitions 59
Using FDISK ............. . 61
Copyright IBM Corp. 1981, 1993 iii
Chapter 5. Working with Batch Programs 75
Understanding Batch Program Commands 76
Making a Small Batch Program . . . . . . . 78
Testing a Batch Program ......... . 79
Displaying Messages with a Batch Program 79
Using the PAUSE Command . . . . . . . . 80
Including Remarks in a Batch Program 81 -
Running One Batch Program from Another 82
Using Replaceable Parameters 82
Controlling Program Flow . . . . . . . . . . 83
Chapter 6. Redirecting Input and Output 87
Redirecting Command Input and Output 87
Passing Information through Filter Commands 89
Chapter 7. Using Editing Keys for Commands 93
Using DOS Editing Keys ........ . 93
Using DOS Key to Work with Commands 95
Using DOS Key to Work with Macros 101
Chapter 8. Working with the Text Editor 109
Choosing a Text Editor 110
Starting the E Editor . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Creating or Modifying a File . . . . . . . . . 114
Using Cursor Movement Keys to Move Around in the Text File 120
Performing Basic Editing Tasks ...... . 121
Selecting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
Using Key Combinations to Manipulate Text 128
Using E Editor Commands 133
Customizing the E Editor . . . . . . . 144
Chapter 9. Connecting Computers 153
Understanding What the InterLnk Program Does 153
Establishing the Connection between Computers 156
Including INTERLNK in Your CONFIG.SYS File 157
Running the InterLnk Program 158
Redirecting Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Excluding Drives from Redirection . . . . . . . 160
Breaking the Connection between Computers 160
Remote Copying of INTERSVR.EXE and INTERLNK.EXE Files 160
Reviewing Cable Specifications ........ . 161
Chapter 10. Making More Memory Available 163
iv DOS User's Guide
Understanding Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Analyzing Your Computer's Memory Before Running RAM Boost 166
Understanding How RAM Boost Works ............ . 167
Configuring RAM Boost . . . . . . . . . . . . ". . . . . . . . . . . 169
Analyzing Your Computer's Memory After Running RAM Boost 172
Using Advanced Features . . . . . . . . . 174
Chapter 11. Speeding Up Your System 179
Improving the Efficiency of Your Hard Disk 179
Using the BUFFERS Command 182
Using SMARTDrive 183
Using RAM Drive . . . . . . . . 185
Chapter 12. Using Central Point Undelete 187
Installing Central Point Undelete for Windows 187
Starting Undelete . . . . . 188
Deleted File Condition 192
Delete Protection Methods 193
Getting More File Information 194
Sorting the File List . " . . . . 194
Selecting Files ....... . 195
Undeleting Files on a Network 197
Undeleting Directories and Their Files 198
Scanning the Disk for Lost Files and Deleted Data 203
Showing Existing Files .... 205
Advanced Undelete Methods . . . . . . " . . . . . 206
Purging Deleted Files ..... , ..... 211
How the Delete Protection Method Affects File Recovery 212
Central Point Data Monitor ...... . 215
Chapter 13. Using Central Point Scheduler 219
Scheduling a Program . . . . . . . 219
Editing Existing Scheduled Events 221
Deleting Scheduled Events 223
Removing Scheduler from Memory 225
Chapter 14. Problem Determination 227
Chapter 15. Customizing for International Use 239
Country Settings, Keyboards, and Code Pages 239
Commands Used to Change International Settings 247
ISO Fonts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
Contents V
Part 2. Using the DOS Optional Tools 251
Chapter 16. Using DOS Shell . . . . . . . . . . . 253
Installing DOS Shell After Installing DOS ..... . 253
Starting DOS Shell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Selecting Items from Lists or Menus . . . . . . , . 256
Starting a Program. . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Getting Help . . . . . . . . 257
Leaving DOS Shell ... . 260
Customizing DOS Shell ...... 261
Changing Screen Colors ...... 262
Switching between Text and Graphics Mode 262
Organizing Programs 263
Working with Properties . . . . . . . . . . 268
Chapter 17. Using IBM AntiVirus/DOS 279
Installing IBM AntiVirus/DOS After Installing DOS 279
Starting IBM AntiVirus/DOS . . . . . . . . . . . . .