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ordains perating nformation
Publication Date: June 1991
Document Number: 3910-900-01 Rev. A
WARRANTY
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants this product to be free from defects in material and workmanship for a
period of 1 year from date of shipment.
Keithley Instruments, Inc. warrants the following items for 90 days from the date of shipment: probes, cables,
rechargeable batteries, diskettes, and documentation.
During the warranty period, we will, at our option, either repair or replace any product that proves to be de-
fective.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley representative, or contact Keithley headquarters in
Cleveland, Ohio. You will be given prompt assistance and return instructions. Send the product, transporta-
tion prepaid, to the indicated service facility. Repairs will be made and the product returned, transportation
prepaid. Repaired or replaced products are warranted for the balance of the original warranty period, or at
least 90 days.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
This warranty does not apply to defects resulting from product modification without Keithley's express writ-
ten consent, or misuse of any product or part. This warranty also does not apply to fuses, software, non-re-
chargeable batteries, damage from battery leakage, or problems arising from normal wear or failure to follow
instructions.
THIS WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRAN TIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILIIY OR FlTNESS FOR A PARTICULAR USE. THE
REMEDIES PROVIDED HEREIN ARE BUYERS SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES.
NEITHER KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC. NOR ANY OF ITS EMPLOYEES SHALL BE LIABLE FOR
ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT
OF THE USE OF ITS INSTRUMENTS AND SOFIWARE EVEN IF KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC., HAS
BEEN ADVISED IN ADVANCE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. SUCH EXCLUDED DAM-
AGES SHALL INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO: COSTS OF REMOVAL AND INSTALLATION,
LOSSES SUSTAINED AS THE RESULT OF INJURY TO ANY PERSON, OR DAMAGE TO PROPERTY.
INSTRUMENTS
Instruments Division, Keithley Instruments, Inc. 28775Aurora Road
l l Cleveland, Ohio 44139 l (216) 248-0400 l Fax: 248-6168
WEST GERMANY: Keithky Instruments GmbH l Landsbugers&. 65 l D-8034 Gemwring l 089-??49307-0 l Telex: 52-12160 l Fax: 089+?4930759
GREAT BRITAIN: Keithky Instmments, Ltd. l The Mnster l 58, Portman Road l Reading, Berkshire RG 3 IEA l 01144 734 575 666 l Fax 01144 734 596 469
FRANCE Keithky Instruments SARL -3 Allee des Garays l B.P. 60.91124 P&iseau/Z.L l I-6-0115 155 l Telex: 600 933 l Fax: l-6-0117726
NEIXERLANDS: Keithley Instruments BV l Avehgen West 49 l 4202 MS Gorinchem l P.O. Box 559 l 4200 AN Gorinciwn l 01830-35333 l Telex: 24 684. Fax: 01830-30821
SWITZERLAND: Keithky Instruments SA l Kriesbachstr. 4 l 8600 Dubendorf l 01-821-V444 l Telex: 828 472 l Fax: 0222-315366
AUSTRIA: Keithley Instruments GesmbH L Rosenhugelstrasse 12 l A-1120 Vienna l (0222) CC4 48 l Telex: 131677 l Fax: (0222) 8403597
65
ITALY: Keithky Instruments SRL l Vi&S. Giiignano 4/A 0 20146 Milano l 02-4120360 or 02-4156540 l Fax M-4121249
Operator's Manual
Model 3910
Function Synthesizer
01991, Keithley Instruments, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
Instruments Division
Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A.
document Number: 3910-900-01
All Keithley product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of Keithley Instruments, Inc.
Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
Safety Precautions
The following safety precautions should be observed before using the Model 3910 Function Synthesizer and any associ-
ated instruments.
This instrument is intended for use by qualified personnel who recognize shock hazards and are familiar with the safety
precautions required to avoid possible injury. Read over this manual carefully before using the instrument.
Exercise extreme caution when a shock hazard is present at the test circuit. The American National Standards Institute
(ANSI) states that a shock hazard exists when voltage levels greater than 30V rms or 42.4V peak are present. A good
safety practice is to expect that hazardous voltage is present in any unknown circuit before measuring.
Inspect the connecting cables and test leads for possible wear, cracks, or breaks before each use.
For maximum safety, do not touch the test cables or any instruments while power is applied to the circuit under test.
Turn off the power and discharge any capacitors before connecting or disconnecting cables from the instrument.
Do not touch any object which could provide a current path to the common side of the circuit under test or power line
(earth) ground. Always make measurements with dry hands while standing on a dry, insulated surface capable of with-
standing the voltage being measured.
Instrumentation and accessories should not be connected to humans.
Table of Contents
SECTION 1 - General Information
1.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................. l-1
1.2 FEATURES ................................................................... l-l
1.3 WARRANTY INFORMATION .................................................... 1-2
1.4 MANUALADDENDA .......................................................... l-2
1.5 sAFETyTERMsANDsyMBoLs...........................................: ...... 1-2
1.6 UNPACKlNGANDREPACKJNG ................................................. 1-2
1.6.1 Unpacking ................................................................. 1-2
1.6.2 Shipment Contents ........................................................... 1-2
1.63 Operatofsb.nual ........................................................... 1-2
1.6.4 Repacking For Shipment ....................................................... l-2
1.7 OPTIONALACCESSORIES ...................................................... 1-3
1.8 SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................. l-3
SECTION 2 - Getting Started
2.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 2-1
2.2 INSTALLATION .............................................................. 2-l
2.2.1 Installation Location .................. ..C ..................................... 2-l
2.2.2 cooling .................................................................... 2-l
2.3 LINEPOWERSUPPLY.................,...................~ ..................... 2-2
2.3.1 LINE Voltage Selector Switch ................................................... 2-2
2.3.2 Line Receptacle Connection ..................................................... 2-2
2.3.3 LineFuse .................................................................. 2-2
2.4 HANDLING PRECAUTIONS ..................................................... 2-2
2.5 BASICOPERATION ............................................................ 2-3
2.5.1 Front Panel Summary ......................................................... 2-3
2.5.2 Typical Test Connections ...................................................... 2-3
2.5.3 OperatingExamples .......................................................... 2-4
SECTION 3 - Operation
3.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 3-1
3.2 FRONT PANEL AND REAR PANEL DESCRIPTION ................................... 3-l
3.2.1 Front Panel Description ........................................................ 3-1
3.2.2 RearPanelDescription ........................................................ 3-4
3.3 INPUT AND OUTPUT CONNECTIONS ............................................ 3-5
3.3.1 InputConnection ............................................................ 3-5
3.3.2 OutputConnections .......................................................... 3-5
3.4 STARTUP .................................................................... 3-6
3.5 OPERATING PROCEDURES ..................................................... 3-7
3.5.1 ErrorCodes ................................................................ 3-7
' 35.2 FrequencySetting ............................................................ `3-7
3.5.3 OutputAmplitude ........................................................... 3-8
3.5.4 DCOffset .................................................................. 3-8
3.5.5 Waveform Selection, Square-Wave Duty Cycle, and Synchronous Output .................. 3-8
3.5.6 OscillationMode ............................................................. 3-9
3.5.7 Trigger Parameters ........................................................... 3-11
SECTION 4 - GPIB Interface
4.1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................. 4-l
4.1.1 GPIBOverview .............................................................. 4-1
4.1.2 Major GPIB Specifications ...................................................... 4-1
4.1.3 Bus Line Signals and Operation .................................................. 4-1
4.1.4 GPIBHandshaking ........................................................... 4-2
4.1.5 Data Transfer Example ........................................................ 4-3
4.1.6 BasicTalkerFunctions ......................................................... 4-3
4.1.7 Basic Listener Functions ....................................................... 4-3
4.1.8 BasicControllerFunctions ...................................................... 4-3
4.1.9 Multi-line Interface Messages ................................................... 4-3
4.2 OVERVIEW OF MODEL 3910 GPIB INTERFACE ...................................... 4-6
4.2.1 Introduction ................................................................ 4-6
4.2.2 Specifications ............................................................... 4-6
4.3 MODEL 3910 PROGRAM CODES .................................................. 4-9
4.4 TYPICAL EXECUTION TIMES .................................................... 4-12
4.5 SAMPLEPROGRAMS .......................................................... 4-13
List of Illustrations
SECTION 2 - Getting Started
Figure 2-1 Frontpanelsummary...............................................,...... 2-3
Figure 2-2 TypicalConnections ....................................................... 2-4
SECTION 3 - Operation
Figure 3-1 Model 3910 Front Panel ..................................................... 3-2
Figure 3-2 Mode13910RearPanel ..................................................... 3-4
Figure 3-3 LogicInputCircuit ........................................................ 3-5
Figure 3-4 oLltputCircuit ........................................................... 3-6
Figure 3-5 Phase Relationship between FCTN OUT Waveform and SYNC OUT ................... 3-9
Figure 3-6 Relationship between Trigger Signal and Oscillation in TRIG Mode .................... 3-10
Figure 3-7 Relationship between Trigger Signal and Oscillation in GATE Mode ................... 3-11
Figure 3-8 Definition of Phase of each Waveform .......................................... 3-12
SECTION 4 - GPIB Interface
Figure 4-1 Interface Connector ....................................................... 4-2
Figure 4-2 Handshake Timing Diagram ................................................. 4-3
Figure 4-3 Data Transfer Example ..................................................... 4-4
Figure 44 ProgramCodeSyntax ...................................................... 4-8
List of Tables
SECTION 2 - Getting Started
Table 2-l Fuse Replacement ......................................................... 2-2
SECTION 4 - GPIB Interface
Table 4-1 Multiple-line Interface Message .............................................. 4-5
Table 4-2 InterfaceFunctions.. ...................................................... 4-6
Table 4-3 BusDriverSpecifications ................................................... 4-6
Table 4-4 Response to Interface Messages ............................................... 4-7
Table 4-5 StatusByte.. ............................................................ 4-9
Table 4-6 Model 3910 Main Parameter Setting Messages .................................... 4-10
Table 4-7 TypicalExecutionTimes .................................................... 4-12
SECTION 1
t General Information
1 .I INTRODUCTION rameters, and other values. Settings are easily made us-
ing push-button keys and rotary knobs.
The Model 3910 Eunction Synthesizer can generate fre-
quencies between O.lmHz and 1MHz. The Model 3910
can generate the entire band at a resolution of O.lmHz, A GPIB (IEEE-488) interface is available as an option for
with a high-frequency accuracy of f30ppm. the Model 3910. With the exception of the AMPTD, am-
plitude setting; DC OFFSET, added quantity setting; and
DUTY VAR, duty ratio setting; a GPIB equipped Model
3910 can be programmed over the bus for the same oper-
Five AC waveforms, sine Q , triangle 2/,squarelX,ris- ating modes and parameters that can be controlled from
ing sawtooth/l, and falling sawtooth\ are available. A the front panel.
maximum of tlOV DC can be added onto each output.
Maximum output voltage for all waveforms is 20V p-p/
no load or lOVp-p/5On load. 1.2 FEATURES
l Wide bandwidth: O.lmHz to 1MHz (resolution
Since frequencies are synthesized directly by a custom O.lmHz).
LSI digital IC, accuracy and stability are high, and the fre- 0 &30 ppm frequency accuracy.
quencyswitching time is short. Another advantage is the l Phase continuity, at frequency switchover.
continuity of phase at frequency switchover. , l Five ACwaveformsavailable: %,2/,n,n,andl
l The duty cycle can be set to values between 10% and
90% for frequencies up to 1OOkHz.
In addition to continuous oscillation, burst oscillation, l High output: 2OVp-p/no load, lOVp-p/50Qload.
trigger oscillation, and gate oscillation are available. The 0 Low distortion: 0.3% or less (1OHz to IOOkHz).
Model 3910 also provides a continuous output of direct l DC output voltages available: flOV/no load,
current voltage. An external trigger input provides an ex- fiV/5OQ load.
ternal trigger signal during trigger or gate oscillation. The l Burst oscillation mode: Repeats oscillation of wave
square-wave duty cycle is also variable. number specified by mark wave (l-16) and space wave
number (l-16).
o Trigger oscillation and gate oscillation:
The Model 3910 uses a single line, ll-character LED dis- Trigger source: External by front panel BNC plug or
play to display the values of oscillation frequency, pa- push-button key.
l-l
SECTION 1
GeneralInformation
Start/stop phase: -360" to +360". The WARNING heading used in this manual explains
Input voltage: `ITL level (pulls up 74HC14 input by dangers that might result in personal injtuy or death. Al-
5.1K). Minimum pulse width ZOOnsec. ways read the associated information very carefully be-
Trigger: Oscillates wave number specified by wave fore performing the indicated procedure.
number (l-16) by trigger signal.
Gate: Integral wave number oscillation by trigger
signal. The CAUTION heading used in this manual explains
Waveform and frequency range: hazards that could damage the instrument. Such damage
Sine wave, square wave (duty fixed); O.lmHz to may invalidate the warranty.
IMHZ.
Triangle wave, square wave (duty variable), rising
sawtooth wave, falling sawtooth wave; O.lmHz to
lOOkHz, oscillation possible up to 1MHz. 1.6 UNPACKING AND REPACKING
Each parameter setting can be modified using the
MODIFY knob and the CURSOR keys. The single line, 1.6.1 Unpacking
11 character LED display, clearly displays all neces-
sary information; oscillation frequency, GPIB address
(when installed), start/stop phase, mark wave num- After carefully unpacking the instrument from its ship-
ber, and space wave number. ping carton, inspect it for any obvious signs of physical
Battery backed-up memory stores the configuration in damage. Report any such damage to the shipping agent
effect when power is turned off. immediately. Save the original packing carton for storage
Optional GPIB interface allows the Model 3910 to be or possible future shipment.
programmed over the GPIB (IEEE-488 interface bus).
1.62 Shipment Contents
1.3 WARRANTY INFORMATION
The following items are included with every Model 3910
Warranty information is located on the inside front cover order:
of this operator's manual. Should your Model 3910 re-
quire warranty service, contact the Keithley representa- l Model 3910 Function Synthesizer
tive or authorized repair facility in your area for further 0 Model 3910 Operator's Manual
information. When returning the instrument for repair, l Power Cord
be sure to fill out and include the service form at the back l Fuse (lA, 25OV, 5.2 x 2Omm)
of this manual in order to provide the repair facility with l BNC to BNC signal cable
the necessary information. l Additional accessories as ordered.
1.4 MANUAL ADDENDA 1.6.3 Operator's Manual
Any improvement or changes concerning the instrument If an additional manual is required, order the manual
or manual will be explained in an addendum included package, Keithley part number 3910-900-00. The manual
with the unit. Be sure to note these changes and incorpo- package includes an operator's manual and any perti-
rate them into the manual before using the unit. nent addenda.
1.5 SAFETY TERMS AND SYMBOLS 1.6.4 Repacking For Shipment
The following safety terms and symbols are found on the Should it become necessary to return the Model 3910 for
instrument or used in this manual. repair, carefully pack the unit in its original packing car-
ton or the equivalent. If the original carton is not available
or damaged, be sure to use a cardboard box of sufficient
strength and room. Pad the empty spaces in the carton
The A symbol on the instrument indicates that the with adequate packing material to hold the unit firmly in
user should refer to the operating instructions. place.
l-2
SECTION 1
GeneralInformation
Include the following information: Model 7051-2 BNC-to-BNC Cable: The Model 7051-2 is
50R BNC to BNC cable (RG-58C) 2ft. (0.6m) in length.
l Advise to the warranty status of the instrument. The Model 7051-2 is terminated with male BNC connec-
l Write ATTENTION REPAIR DEPARTMENT on the tors on both ends.
shipping label.
o Fill out and include the service form located at the back
of this manual. Model 7051-5 BNC-to-BNC Cable: The Model 7051-5 is
5OQ BNC to BNC cable (RG-58C) 5ft. (1.2m) in length.
The Model 7051-5 is terminated with male BNC connec-
1.7 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES tors on both ends.
The following accessories are available for use with the
Model 3910.
Model 7051-10 BNC-to-BNC Cable: The Model 7051-10
is similar to the Models 7051-2 and 70516 except that it is
lOft..(2.4m) in length.
Models 3900-l and 3900-2 Rack Mounting Kits: The
Model 3900-l mounts one Model 3910 in a standard
IPinch rack. The Model 3900-2 mounts two Model 3910s
side by side in a standard 19-inch rack. Both kits include Model 7754-3 BNC-to-Alligator Cable: The Model
all necessary hardware for proper rack mounting of the 7754-3 is a 3ft. (0.9m) 5Ofi cable (RGd8C), terminated
instruments. with a male BNC connector on one end and two alligator
clips on the other end.
Model 7007 Shielded IEEE-488 Cables: The Model
7007-l (lm, 3.3ft.j and Model 7007-2 (2m, 6.6ft.j can be Model 7755 5Oa Feed-Through Terminator: The Model
used to interface the Model 3910 tothe IEEE-488 bus. 7755 is a BNC to BNC adapter that is terminated with a
5OQ resistor. VSWR is ~1.1, DC to 25OMHz.
Model 3911 IEEE-488 Interface: With the Model 3911 op-
tion a maximum of 15 Model 3910s can be connected on
the same bus, data line transfer uses a 3-line handshake 1.8 SPECIFICATIONS
mefhod, enabling reliable data transfer between data
sending (talkers) and receivers (listeners) having differ- Detailed Model 3910 specifications may be found in Ap-
ing data transfer rates. pendix B.
l-3
SECTION 2
Gettina Started
2.1 INTRODUCTION ment must be free of dust and vibration, and the Model
3910 must not be exposed to direct sunlight.
This sections contains basic information on installation,
power line connections, and it also provides typical sim-
ple operating examples. The Model 3910 uses a line filter, but pulse noise or strong
magnetic or electric fields may cause incorrect operation
of the unit. Do not install the unit near a source of pulse
noise or strong magnetic or electric fields.
2.2 INSTALLATION
The following paragraphs discuss Model 3910 installa- The guard on the rear panel of the unit is designed to pro-
tion. In particular, use adequate care when installing the tect rear panel connectors and should not be used as a leg
unit. Improper installation will adversely affect the life, for installation. Do not stand the unit vertically on the
reliability, and safety of the unit. rear guard because it may fall over, causing instrument
damage or personal injury.
The Model 3910 weighs about 7 lbs; be careful when car-
rying the unit or mounting it in a rack. 2.2.2 Cooling
The Model 3910 is `air-cooled by vents. Insufficient air
flow may cause a component in the unit to fail. Follow the
2.2.1 installation Location instructions given below.
The allowable ambient temperature and humidity
ranges for the Model 3910 are. CAUTION
Observe the following precautions to pre-
Operating: 0 to 4O"C, 10 to 9O%RH vent damage to the unit:
Storage: -10 to 5O"C, 10 to 8O%RH
l A vent is provided on the bottom panel of the
unit. Install the unit on a rigid, flat surface,
Be sure to install the unit in a location that satisfies these and avoid installing it on soft material such
temperature and humidity conditions. Also the environ- as a cushion. Be careful not to insert foreign
2-l
SECTION 2
Geffina Started
material between the bottom of the unit and WARNING
the surface underneath. Another vent is lo- The Model 3910 is equipped with a 3-wire
cated on the top panel of the unit. Be careful power cord that contains a separate ground
not to block the top vent by placing an object wire and is designed to be used with
on top of the unit. grounded outlets. When proper connections
are made, instrument chassis is connected to
l Avoid mounting two or more units verti- the power line ground. If the AC outlet is not
cally. Placing one unit on top of another will ounded, the rear panel ground terminal
obstruct the vents. b=!= must be connected to safety earth
ground using #18AWG (or larger) wire be-
fore use.
2.3 LINE POWER SUPPLY
2.3.3 Line Fuse
The Model 3910 operates with a lOOV, 12OV, 22OV, or
240.7 *lo%, 48 to 62Hk, single-phase AC power supply. The line fuse, which is integral with the power line recep-
The power consumption is approximately 25VA. tacle, protects the instrument from over-current situ-
ations. To replace the fuse, first disconnect the line cord,
then pry out the fuse compartment (immediately to the
right of the FUSE marking) with a small screwdriver. A
2.3.1 LINE Voltage Selector Switch spare fuse is located in the compartment with the fuse be-
ing used. Replace the blown fuse only with the type listed
The LINE voltage selector switch on the rear panel allows in Table 2-1, then replace the fuse holder.
you to change operating voltage of the power supply.
The standard setting of the switch is the same as the volt-
age available in the country to which the unit is shipped. WARNING
To avoid a shock hazard, disconnect the line
cord from the instrument before replacing
the fuse.
To change the power supply voltage, first disconnect the
line cord, and set the supply voltage switch in the correct
position. Wait at least five seconds before turning the CAUTION
power back on after turning it off. Use only a fuse of the rating listed in Table
2-1, or instrument damage may occur.
WARNING
To avoid a shock hazard, disconnect the Table 2-1, Fuse Replacement
power cord from the instrument before
changing the supply voltage setting. Fuse Current Keithley
Line Voltage Rating Part No.
lOOV, 120v 1A FU-96-2
CAUTION 220,240v ID-4 FU-96-1
Be sure to set the line voltage switch to the
correct position for the line power voltage to NOTE: Fuses are 5 x2Omm and have UOV, normal blow ratings.
be used. Operating the instrument on an in-
correct voltage may cause damage to the unit.
2.4 HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
When the front panel or case becomes dirty, clean it with
2.3.2 Line Receptacle Connection a soft cloth. If the panel or case is too dirty for cleaning
with a dry cloth, dampen the cloth in mild detergent, and
Connect the supplied power cord to the rear panel Line wipe the panel or case with the damp cloth. Never use
receptacle and to a grounded AC power receptacle sup- solvents such as thinner or benzene, or chemical dust
plying the correct voltage. cloths to avoid damaging the case or front panel surfaces.
2-2
SECTION 2
Gettim? Started
2.5 BASIC OPERATlON tailed information on each operating feature, refer to Sec-
tion 3.
The following paragraphs summarize front panel operat-
ing controls, give typical test connections, and discuss
typical operating examples for the Model 3910. 2.5.2 Typical Test Connections
Figure 2-2 shows typical tests connections between the
2.5.1 Front Panel Summary Model 3910 main synthesizer and a DTJT. Note that 5OL2
characteristic impedance cables such as the Model 7051
Figure 2-l summarizes each front panel feature. For de- should be used for output connections.
%I I11111 indicator when
LED
Depressing CLEAR key
first, then either right or
left cursor key will reset
all digits to the right or
left of the cursor column
to 0. Dudng GPIB
operation+ depressing
this key will return
control to LOCAL
mxxn+inn
Figure 2-1. Front Panel Summary
2-3
SECTION 2
Gettim Started
Model 3910
5052BNC Coaxial cable
(Model 7051 or equivalent)
OUT
Figure 2-2. Typical Connections
2.5.3 Operating Examples A. Move the cursor to the seventh position: The sev-
enth position, 1OOHz column, will blink. Press
The following examples give step-by-step instructions the CLEAR key and at the same time press the
for setting basic Model 3910 operating parameters. The left cursor key. All digits to the left of the blink-
Model 3910 can be connected to an oscilloscope to view ing digit will return to 0 (erase).
the results of the various operating examples. B. The seventh position, 1OOHz column, will be
blinking. Rotate the MODIFY knob UP (clock-
wise) to increase or DOWN (counter-clockwise)
Example 1: Selecting the Waveform Type (Function) to decrease the digit to the correct value, 5 in the
1OOHz column.
The first sequence will adjust the Model 3910 to output a
C. If any of the lower digits (less significant digits)
sine wave, with a continuous sweep.
in the displayed number are above zero, press
1. Press DISPLAY SELECT to indicate frequency the CLEAR key and at the same time press the
(lower LED). right cursor key. All digits to the right of the
2. Press FCTN to cycle through the five options until blinking digit will return to 0. The display should
the LED indicates a SINE wave (top LED). now show the following digits: 5000000
3. Press MODE to indicate CONT (continuous sweep). (5OO.OOOOHz).
2. If the display shows a frequency less than 5OOHz
(5000000), use this sequence:
Example 2: Setting the Waveform Frequency or Period A. Assume the display indicates a frequency of
86Hz. Press the left, or right, cursor as necessary
This sequence will set the Model 3910 to a frequency of to make the column to the left of 8 blink. A u will
5OOHz, without regard to any previous setup. You will appear in this column.
have to determine whether to use step 1 or 2 in this se-
B. Rotate the MODIFY knob UP (clockwise) and a
quence because there is no way to know what setup was
number will appear in the 1OOHz column. Adjust
used for the previous test. Since the Model 3910 retains
only one setting in memory, that setting is always the last this number to 5.
one. C. Press the CLEAR key and at the same time press
the right cursor key. All digits to the right of the
blinking digit will return to 0. The display should
1. If the display shows a frequency higher than 500Hz, now show the following digits: 5000000
use this next sequence. Otherwise skip to step 2. (500.0000Hz).
2-4
SECTION 2
Getting Sfarted
NOTE ate square waves with different on- and off-times.
The frequency may be increased quickly, us- Leave the square wave in some extreme variable po-
ing the above method, but no similar action is sition; that is, an obviously unequal on- or off-time.
available to rapidly reduce the frequency set- 3. Press DUTY VAR key again. The scope presentation
ting. reverts to a square wave with equal on- and off-
times.
4. Press the DUTY VAR key again. The scope should
Example 3: Setting the Output Amplitude display the unequal duty cycle from the previous
step.
This step sets the amplitude of the existing waveform to a
value of lOmVp-p:
Example 5: Adjust the DC Offset
Use the cursor down key to set the amplitude range so it This step adjusts the DC offset value based on the center-
indicates O.O;?Vp-p(2OmVpp). RPotate the AMpTD knob line (zero or average) voltage level of the existing
until the scope indicates lOmVp-p. waveform.
1. Press the DC OF!ZSET key (LED on). Rotate the asso-
Example 4: Changing the Output to a Square Wave ciated knob and note the vertical movement of CH A
on the scope. This movement corresponds directly
This example changes the output to a square wave with with the offset voltage applied by the rotation of the
variable duty cycle, while maintaining the present fre- knob. Leave the signal with a significant offset and
quency, in continuous mode. go to the next step.
2. Press DC OFFSET again (LED off). The scope presen-
1. Press FCTN twice to indicate a square wave output. tation reverts to the original value of zero offset.
Note that the output waveform has equal time-on Press the key again and the offset value re-appears
and time-off. and the CH A display moves off zero. Press the key
2. Press DUTY VAR to allow variable duty cycle (LED once more to return the scope to zero offset (LED
on). Rotate the associated knob below the key to cre- off).
2-5
SECTION 3
Operation
3.1 INTRODUCTION LED display presents information useful for the opera-
tion of the Model 3910, such as the value of each parame-
This section contains detailed information on front panel ter and the range of permissible parameter values. Along
operation of the Model 3910. For detailed GPIB (IEEE488 the bottom edge of the front panel are various input/out-
bus) operation, refer to Section 4. put BNC connectors.
3.2 FRONT PANEL AND REAR PANEL Most settings are maintained in battery backed-up mem-
DESCRIPTION ory. As a result, the Model 3910 automatically assumes
the previous settings when the power is first turned on.
3.2.1 Front Panel Description
The front panel of the Model 3910 is shown in Figure 3-1. Each front panel feature is described below. The circled
The front panel is made up of a LED display and a control number to the left of each description corresponds to the
panel with various push-button switches and knobs. The appropriate number shown in Figure 3-1.
3-l
SECTION 3
Operation
Figure 3-1. Model 3910 Front Panel
01 POWER ON/OFF (Power switch)
POWER controls AC power to the Model 3910.
wave number. When LED at the lower left of the
display is lit oscillation frequency is selected.
When LED at the upper left of the display is lit
Push this switch up to turn power on, and push GPIJ3 address, start/stop phase, and mark and
down to turn power off. space wave numbers are selected.
02 Display
The single-line 1l-character display shows oscil-
0
4 DUTY VAR FXD, VAR (Square wave dufy
q&9
,Push-button key to select either variable duty or
lation frequency, parameter values, and other fixed square wave output. When LED in center
important information during operation. An ac- of key is lit variable duty is selected.
tive display also indicates that instrument power
is turned on.
111,111,
r&VarlabZe duty ratio adjustment)
Rotating the variable duty adjustment knob al-
03 DISPLAY SELECT
Push-button key that selects the parameter dis-
lows you to program the square wave duty cycle.
The allowed duty cycle ranges from 5% to 95%
under lOkHz, and from 10% to 90% at 1OkHz to
played to either oscillation frequency or GPJB 1oOkHz. In the variable duty mode, the upper
address (only when GPIB option is installed), frequency limit for square waves is restricted to
start/stop phase, mark wave number, and space 1ookHz.
3-2
SECTION3
Operation
0
6 +I- (DC offset value adjustment)
Rotating the DC offset value adjustment knob
0
14 MODE (Oscillation mode)
This key allows you to choose the oscillation
sets the programmed offset voltage. The allow- mode. Available modes include: CONT (con-
able DC offset to be added to a waveform is be- tinuous oscillation), BURST (burst oscillation),
tween -lOV and +lOV. TRIG (trigger oscillation), GATE (gate oscilla-
tion). In addition, it is also possible to select DC
0
7 DC OFFSET ON, OFF
Push-button key to select whether or not DC off-
for a continuous output of direct current voltage.
set is added to the waveform. When LED in cen-
ter of the key is lit offset is selected.Use the +/-
0
15 MODE (Displays the selected mode)
Refer to the lit LED to see which mode has been
offset value adjustment knob to add the deter- selected.
mined amount of offset to the waveform.
0
8 AMPTD (Amplitrrde range display) 0
16 MAN Manual trigger key)
This key allows the operator to manually gener-
LEDs light to display the selected amplitude ate a trigger input pulse during trigger or gate
range. The allowed amplitude range is from
mode of oscillation.
2mVp-p to 2OVp-p. The values for the amplitude
setting are for no-load (open) output condi-
tions.When the output is terminated with a 500
terminal resistor, amplitude range is one half of
0
17 TRIG IN (Tuigger input)
This BNC connector is an input for external TTL-
the selected range. level signals, which can be used to trigger the
Model 3910 in TRIG (trigger) and GATE modes
0
9 V(Amplitude range down key)
When the down cursor key is pressed the maxi-
of operation. When this input goes from high
level to low level, it operates as a trigger signal.
mum value of the amplitude output signal is re-
duced.
0
18 SYNC OUT (Synchronous output)
This BNC jack provides a TIL-level signal at the
0
IO A (Amplitude range up key)
When the up cursor key is pressed the maximum
same frequency as the FCTN OUT output
waveform.
value of the amplitude output signal is in-
creased.
0
19 AMPTD MIN, MAX (Amplitude adjustment)
0
11 FCTN (Function: waveform)
This key allows you to choose the out ut
Turning this knob allows you to set the output
amplitude of the unit when the FCTN OUT key
has been activated. The allowed amplitude
waveform. Available waveforms include : 4J ranges from 2mVp-p to 2OVp-p.
(sine wave), 2/ (triangular wave), 111 (square
wave), V(ascending sawtooth wave), 1 (de-
scending sawtooth wave).
0
20 FCTN OUT ON, OFF (Signal output ON/OFF)
FCTN OUT turns the output waveform off or on
to the BNC plug of FCTN OUT. When the output
The selected waveform is displayed in the func-
is off, the main output signal is turned off and
tion LEDs.
open-circuited. This can be shorted to ground by
switching an internal short plug. The current
0
12 FCTN (Displays the selected function)
Refer to the lit LED to see which wave function
status of this key can be determined by the LED
in the center of the key. If lit, FCTN OUT is on.
has been selected.
0
21 FCTN OUT (Function output: waveform
0
13 REMOTE (Remote state display)
This lamp indicates the remote state when the
oufpft)
This BNC jack provides the waveform output
signal. The maximum output voltage range is
GPIB option is installed and listener is specified SOVp-p/open circuit, and the output imped-
from the controller. ance is 50&J.
3-3
SECTION 3
Operation
022 4(Left Cursor)
This key moves the cursor one column to the left
knob can be used to set the following parame-
ters: frequency, Gl?lB address (O-301, start/stop
phase (f360.0'), mark wave number (l-16), and
each time it is pressed. If held continuously for space wave number (1-16).
more than 0.3 seconds, the cursor will continue
moving to the left.
CLEAR (Local)
025 b(Righ t Cursor)
This key moves the cursor one column to the
If this key is pushed first and then either the right right each time it is pressed. If held continuously
or left cursor key is pushed at the same time, all for more than 0.3 seconds,the cursor will con-
digits to the right or left of this column will be re- tinue moving to the right.
set to 0. In Gl?lB remote mode, this key is a return
to local control key. 3.2.2 Rear Panel Description
024 MODIFY UP, DOWN (Modify knob)
This knob is used to increase or decrease the set The rear panel of the Model 3910 is shown in Figure 3-2.
value of the display. Turning the knob clockwise Each rear panel feature is described below. The circled
increases the value while turning the knob number to the left of each description corresponds to the
counter-clockwise decreases the value. This appropriate number shown in Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2. Model 3920 Rear Panel
3-4
SECTTON 3
Operation
0
26 GPIB (General Purpose Interface Bus (option))
This connector is the 24-pin connector used to
3.3 INPUT AND OUTPUT CONNECTIONS
3.3.1 Input Connection
connect the Model 3911 option of the Model 3910
to the GPIB (IEEE488 bus). Shielded GPIB ca-
bles, such as the Model 7007, are recommended One signal can be applied to the BNC connector of the
for bus connectionsThe GPIB address is set by Model 3910. The specification of that input signal is given
first selecting the GPlB display. Rotate the MOD- below.
IFY knob UP (clockwise) to increase or DOWN
(counter-clockwise) to decrease the GPIB ad-
dress. CAUTION
Be careful no to exceed the maximum allow-
able input voltages, or instrument damage
0
27 LINE Voltage Selector (Supply voltage switch)
This switch sets the Model 3910 for the correct
may occur.
line voltage. Using a flat-blade screwdriver, set
the switch in the proper position for the supply Logic Input
voltage in your area.
The logic input is TRIG IN (external trigger input).
WARNING
To avoid a shock hazard, disconnect the line Input name: TRIG IN (External trigger
cord before changing the switch position. input) external trigger dur-
ing TRIG, GATE operation
Input voltage: TTL level
Allowable input voltage: ov to +5.5v
CAUTION circuit: See Figure 3-3, Logic Input
Operating the Model 3910 on an incorrect circuit
line voltage may result in instrument dam-
age.
0
28 LINE (Power Input Connector)
The LINE connector is used to connect the in-
strument to AC power.
WARNING
To avoid the possibility of electric shock,
connect the Model 3910 to grounded AC out-
let using the supplied 3-wire power cord or V
the equivalent.
1 Figure 3-3. Logic Input Circuit
Input
@Q (Grounding Terminal) 3.3.2 Output Connections
The grounding terminal is connected to the chas-
sis of the Model 3910. To prevent interference Two output signals are available from the BNC connec-
and for safety, be sure to ground this terminals tors of the Model 3910. The specifications of the output
signals are given below.
WARNING
If the Model 3910 is connected to an un-
grounded AC outlet, connect the grounding CAUTION
terminal to safety earth ground using Be careful not to connect an external signal to
#18AWG minimum wire before use to avoid an output connector, or instrument damage
the possibility of electric shock. may occur.
3-5
SECTION 3
Analog Output Logic Output Considerations
The analog output is FCTN OUT (main waveform out- The SYNC OTJT (synchronous output) is driven by a
put)
74LS type logic IC. The maximum load is about 25ksz. Be
careful not to connect a load that exceeds the drive capa-
bility of this type of TTL IC. Also, do not use excessively
Output n&e: FCTN OUT (Main long connecting cables, as the resulting capacitance may
Waveform Output) have detrimental effects on the output signals.
Maximum output voltage: ZOVp-p/open,
lOVp-p/son
Output impedance: 5on 32% The SYNC OUT impedance is matched at 5OQ at higher
Recommended Impedance: 50!2 frequencies. Relatively good waveforms will be obtained
Short circuit ljrotection See Figure 3-4, Output Cir- if 5OQ coaxial cables are used; however, cables connected
circuit: cuit to this output must not be terminated with a 5OQ imped-
ance.
Analog Output Considerations
3.4 STARTUP
The FCTN OUT (main waveform output) impedance is
1. Check that the supply voltage switch is set at the
50!2. To maintain maximum amplitude across the entire