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File No. 1401-01
Form A24-3144-2
Systems Reference Library
IBM 1401l Data Processing System
Operator's Guide
This reference publication describes the operating features and
procedures for each of the units of an IBM 1401 system. Several
operations that utilize two or more units are also described. One
section outlines recommended procedures for restarting after
an error condition on the 1402 or 1403.
For operator convenience, the logic of the 1401 system is
discussed briefly. This includes addressing, phases of operation,
internal checking, and coding structures. For a list of associated
publications, see the IBM 1401 Bibliography, Form A24-1495.
Maior Revision, March 1965
This publication, A24-3144-2, is a major revision of, and ob-
soletes A24-3144-1 and Technical Newsletter N24-0248.
Copies of this and other IBM publications can be obtained through IBM Branch Offices.
Address comments concerning the content of this publication to 10M Product Publications, Endicott, New York 13764.
Contents
IBM 141()1 Data Processing System IBM 14Q5 Disk Storage ............................................... 87
Oper1ator's Guide ....................................................... 5 Features ......................................... "........................................ 88
Features and Operations ............................................ 5
IBM 1407 Console Inquiry Station 90
IBM 1401 Processing Unit "........................................ 5
Features ................................................................................. . 91
Features .................................................................................. 7 Operations ............................................................................. . 95
Operations ........................................... .................. .......... ....... 17
IBM 1447 Console Model 3 ................................. ;... 98
IBM 1402 Card Read-Punch ..................................... 21
IBM 1447 Keys, Lights and Switches ................................. . 98
Features .................................................................................. 21 Console I/O Printer .................... "....................................... .. 99
Operations .............................................................. ................ 24
IBM 14103 Printer ........................................................... 29 IBM 1009 Data Transmission Unit ......................... 103
Features .................................................................................. 30 Console Panel................ ................ ........ ........................ ........ 103
Operations .... ........ ... ..... ... ......... ................. ........ ... ..... .............. 37 Operating Principles ..................... "........................................ 107
IBM 1009 Error Conditions and Checking Procedures ........ 108
IBM 1404 Printer ............................................................ 43
IBM 1231 Optical Mark Page Reader "............... 110
Functional Characteristics .........................................;: 43 Features ................................................................................. .. 110
Continuous Forms Feed ...................................................... .. 43 Data Sheet ................................... "....................................... . 110
Card Document Feed ............................................................ . 43
Print UnIt ..................................................... ;....................... . 46 IBM 1231 Principles of Operation .......................... . 112
Tape-Controlled Ca:rriage ................................................... . 49 Document Path ............................. "....................................... . 112
IBM 1404 Printer Console ................................................... . 49 IBM 1231 Data Flow .................. "" ..................................... .. 114
Read-Compare Special Feature ........................................... . 52 IBM 1231 Message Format .................................................... . 115
Normal Run-In Procedure .................................................. .. 53 IBM 1231 Controls ....................... "...................................... .. 115
Normal Run-Out Procedure ................................................ .. 54
Transport-Check Condition ................................................ .. 54 IBM 1231 Operating Procedures 118
IBM 1445 Printer Modell ...................................... .. 55 IBM 1285 Optical Reader .......................................... 120
Tape-Controlled Carriage ................................................... . 55 Features ....................................... "....................................... . 120
Printer Keys, Lights, and Switches .................................. .. 56 Character Recognition .......................................................... . 120
Carriage Control Tape ........................................................ .. 59 Input Document Considerations ......................................... .. 122
IBM 1445: Printer Special Features ..................................... . 60 Mechanical Characteristics ........... ,....................................... . 125
Operating Pointers ............................................................... . 61 IBM 1285 Operating Keys and Light ................................. . 126
Installing Magnetic Ink Ribbon ........................................... . 61 IBM 1285 Keyboard ............................................................. .. 127
IBM 1285 Display Panel ............... " ....................................... . 128
IBM 7211) and 7330 Magnetic Tape Units ........... 63
Features ........ .................... ................ .................... .................. 65 System Operations ..................................... .................... 129
Operations .............................................................................. 70
Restart Procedures ......................................................... 132
IBM 73040 Hypertape DrivEl Model 2 ................... 76 Card Read-Punch ......................... "........................................ 132
Reader Check Light ............................................................... 132
Machine Features .......................................................... 77 Printer ............................................,........................................ 134
Cartridge ................................................................................ 77
IBM 7340 Hypertape Drive, Keys, Lights, and Switches .... 78
IBM 7641 Keys, Lights, and Switches .................................. 79 IBM 1401 System Logic .............................................. 137
Load Operation ........................ "'.......................................... 80 Addressing ................................... "........................................ 138
Unload C)peration .................................................................. 80 Phases of Operation ............................................................... 141
Internal Checking .........................."....................................... 144
BCD Codes ....................................,........................................ 145
IBM 1311 Disk Storage Drive ............. ,.................... 81
IBM 1311 Operating and Handling Procedures .................. 83
IBM 1311 Disk-Storage Drive Keys and Lights .................. 85 Index .................................................................................... 148
Figure 1. An IBM 1401 Data Processing System
IBM 1401 Data Processing System
Operator's Guide
The IBM 1401 Data Processing System (Figure 1) is an IBM 1401 Processing Unit
intermediate-size, solid-state, high-speed processing
system with the program flexibility of larger systems. The IBM 1401 Processing Unit (Figure 2) contains the
A 1401 system may consist of only those components core storage and circuitry that perform the system
that are required to meet the present needs of a com- logic. Storage capacity is 1,400; 2,000; 4,000; 8,000;
pany. Later, as the recordkeeping requirements of the 12,000; or 16,000 alphamerical characters of 8-bit core
business continue to mount, the system can be ex- storage. These eight bits consist of six bits for binary-
panded to meet the increased burden. The 1401 per- coded decimals, a check bit, and an eighth bit for field
mits various configurations for processing card records, definition.
magnetic tape records, disk records, and character- A console (Figure 3) is located on the upper left
sensed documents. front of this unit, and serves two functions: it is the
primary operator control panel of the computer, and
The 1401 system provides high-speed input/output, it indicates the status of the system at any time. The
arithmetic and logical ability, and the advantages of console consists of keys, switches, signal lights, and
stored-program techniques. It handles variable-length dials for the processing unit and for certain functions
alphamerical data and program instructions. of other units in the system. When a key is pressed, it
IBM 1401 Data Processing Systems can be considered
lights to indicate that the function is controlled by the
in three basic concepts: card systems, tape systems, key. During automatic operation, the keys serve as
and disk storage systems. lights to indicate that the corresponding function is in
operation.
IBM 1401 card systems are planned for procedures The console also contains back-lighted display lights
involving large volumes of card documents as source that show the bit configuration of data in the system
data and output, with particular advantage to applica-
tions requiring reentry data.
IBM 1.401 tape systems are for handling magnetic
tape, with all the advantages of compact record han-
dling and storage for high-speed data processing.
IDM 1401 disk storage systems permit rapid random
access to large volumes of repetitive data without the
necessity of processing large card volumes or sorting
tape records.
This guide gives the information needed to operate
the basi.c units of a 1401 system. The features and op-
erating procedures are described. Programming for a
1401 system is described in other publications.
Features and Operations
The features and standard procedures used to operate
each of the units of an IBM 1401 Data Processing Sys-
tem are described in this section. In addition, several
system operations, which utilize two or more units, are
discussed at the end of this section. Figure 2. IDM 1401 Processing Unit
5
Figure 3. IDM 1401 Console
registers. The bit configuration of each character in An auxiliary console panel (see Figure 7) is also
each of the machine's logical elements is shown in located on the 1401 processing unit, below the main
binary-coded-decimal form (including ,check-bit and console. It permits additional operator control of the
word-mark status). The data can be displayed one system.
character at a time.
In the following descriptions of Features, these sec-
The various lights on the console are joined by con- tions refer to the main console: Control Keys and
necting lines that constitute a data-flow schematic. Switches, Mode Switch, Registers' Keys and Lights,
This can be used by the operator in tracing the path of Logic Lights, Signal Lights. The last section refers to
data through the mM 1401 Processing Unit. the Auxiliary Console Switches.
6 IBM 1401 Operators Guide
Features are determined by the setting of the 1401 mode switch
(see Mode Switch):
Control Keys ancl Switches (Figure 4) 1. When the switch is set at RUN or ADDRESS STOP, the
START key on any unit can be used to start system
Power On operation.
2. When the switch is set at SINGLE CYCLE PROCESS, the
This yellow key-switch turns ON the main power sup-
START key on any unit causes the program to ad-
ply for the entire system. After it is pressed, the POWER
light on the IBM 1402 Card Read-Punch, the PRINT- vance through one machine cycle.
READY light on the IBM 1403 Printer, and the POWER ON 3. For all other settings of the mode switch, the START
and READY lights on the IBM 1405 Disk Storage should key on the 1401 is used to perform the operation
be backlighted. specified by the switch.
If an error indication occurs in any unit, the start
Power Off keys are inoperative until the check reset key for that
unit is pressed.
This key-switch turns OFF the main power supply for
the entire system"
Stop
This red key stops system operation at the completion
Emergency Off
of the program instruction in process. (In a few pro-
In an EMERGENCY, pull this switch to disconnect all gram instructions, however, operation may stop at the
power distributed within the system. The switch must end of the I-phase. See IBM 1401 System Logic: Phases
be manually reset by an IBM customer engineer, before of Operation.) This STOP key can be used interchange-
power is restored to the system. ably with the STOP keys on the IBM 1402 Card Read-
Punch and the IBM 1403 Printer.
When a programmed halt occurs during processing
Start
(Op register displays BA821), this key lights to indi-
This green key initiates or resumes machine operation cate to the operator that a planned stop, rather than an
after a manual, programmed, or automatic stop. The error condition, has occurred. The light turns OFF
specific operations performed, when this key is pressed, when the START key is pressed.
Figure ,1. Control Keys and Switches; Mode Switch
7
Check Reset system, unless appropriate program branch tests are
made.
If the processor checking circuits detect an error, this
key-light turns ON. Following a processing error, this
key must be pressed to turn off the PROCESS light and Sense Switches
make the START key effective, so that operation can be Seven sense switches are available to control program
restarted. operation. Switch A is standard in all 1401 card sys-
tems, and controls last-card operation. The other six
Start Reset switches (B, C, D, E, F, and G) are standard in 1401
Models C and D, and may be included as special fea-
This key resets the system so that the operator can re- tures in all other models.
start system operation. It performs these functions: These toggle switches act as setup switches, and
1. Turns OFF all signals that were turned ON by the should be set ON or OFF for a job before operation
previous operation. starts. A switch is ON when it is turned up. Sense
2. Removes the operation code from the Op register. switch A detects the last card of a run. It can be used
3. Removes the number from the INSTRUCTION LENGTH to direct programming to a routine that has been pre-
register. pared specifically for handling operations at the end of
the job, such as printing final totals. The setting of
4. Turns OFF the OVFLO light in the LOGIC block.
the other six switches depends on the programmer,
and should be specified in the operator's instructions.
The START RESET key does not affect information in
core storage or in the address registers.
Before a new job is started, this key must be pressed Manual Address
to reset the 1401 system. These four dial switches are used to: