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KEI'i?HLEY INSTRUME.&TS,
warranty
We warrant each of our products to be free from defects in material
atid workmanship. ,Our obligation under this warranty iS'to repair
or replace any instrument or part thereof which, within a year after
shipment, proves defective upon examination. We will pay local
domestic surface freight costs.
To exercise this warranty, write or call your local Keithley ~repre-
.
sentative, or contact Keithley headquarters in Cleveland, Ohto.
You will be given. prompt assistance and shipping instructions.

repairs and; calibrat,ion
Keithley lnstrbments~ maintains a compl&e repair~,and.calibration
service as well as a standards laboratory in Cleveland, Ohio. A,
service facility is also located in Los Angeles for c&r west coast
customers.
A Keithley service facility at our Munich, Germany office is
available for our customers throughout Europe. Service in the
United Kingdom can be handled at our office i,n Reading. Addition-
ally, Keithley representatives in most countries maintain service
and calibration facilities..
To insure prompt repair or recalibration service, ,please contact
your local field representative or Keithley headquarters directly
before returning the instrument. Estimates for repairs, normal
recalibrations and calibrations traceable to the National Bureau of
Standards are available upon request.
KEI'I'HHLEY INSTRUMENTS
20776 AURORA ROAD * CLEVELAND, OHIO 44130
TELEPHONES (216.) 248-0400 . TELEX OS-6468
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W.,, 6.man": Hei6lho`.lr.*.. 3a . D-6000 Munch." 70 . ,081,l 74632,
F,*nc*: 44 Rue *n*101. r=r.nc. . 61120 PaIa,s..u . (01, 626-0046161
INSTRUCTION MANUAL

MODEL 4lOA

Picoammeter




@COPYRIGHT 1976, KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS, INC.
PRINTED APRIL 1976, CLEVELAND, OHIO, U.S.A.
CONTENTS MODEL 410A




CONTENTS




SeCtiO" Page



SPEClFIC*TIONS------------------------------------------------------------- iv




1, GENERAL DESCRIPTION---------------------------------------------------- 1



2, OPERATION-------------------------------------------------------------- 4



3, CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION---------------------------------------------------- 6



4, SER"ICING-------------------------------------------------------------- ,


5. CAL~BRATION------------------------------------------------------------ 9


,j. *CCESSOBIES------------------------------------------------------------ 15


7. REPLACEABLE PARTS------------------------------------------------------ 18


SCHEMATIC------------------------------------------------------------------ 24




0275
ILLUSTRATIONS




FIG. NO. TITLE PAGE

1 Front pane1 Controls, ___--____-__________-------------------------- 3

2 Rear Panel Conrrols, ____-____-____-_________________________------- 3

3 Divider circuits *cross Picoamerer outpur. ------------------------ 5

4 Simplified Diagram for Ameter Circuit. ---------------------------- 6

5 Test Set-up for Model 410A Rise Time Checks an all ranges. --------- 11

6 Chassis, Top View. ________________________________________--------- 13

7 componenr Layour, p+1p,4, ____--___--_____________________________-- 14

8 Top cover *ssem~ly. __-_______--____________________________-------- 23

9 Bottom cover Assembly. -----_--------_------------------------------ 23
SPECIFICATIONS MODEL 410A




SPECIFICATIONS



RANGE: 3 x 10'13 ampere full scale to 10.3 ampere in
twenty Ix and 3x ranges. positive or negative currents.
ACCURACY: 12% of full scale on 10'" to XV ampere
ranges: *4%off"li scaleon 3 x 10+to3 x 10'~~ampere
ranges.
ZERODRIFT: Less than 0.5% of full scale per week plus
0.02%per "C on ice to l0.y ampere ranges; less than
1.5% per week plus 0.06% per "C on 3 x 1Q.13 ampere
range after a l&minute warm-up with source voltage*
greater than 1 "OIL
OFFSET CURRENT: Less than lo-" ampere.
INPUT VOLTAGE DROP: Less than 1 millivolt for full.
scale meter deflection on any range when properly
zeroed.
EFFECTIVE fNPUT RESISTANCE: Less than 1 ohm on
lo'" ampere range, increasing to less than 3 x 109 ohms
on 3 x lo"3 ampere range.
RISETIME, MAXIMUM: Seconds, from 10% to 90%.
Range, With Yp to 100 pF Wl,h YP to 5000 pf
ampere AC.0.I lnpYt A6rOSL l"PY,
IO-" 2.5 12
IL?1I 1.0 2
IO-`0 0.25 cl.4
IO-3 0.1 0.1
1Q.a 0.1 0.1
10-Tand above less tnan 0.001 kS5 than 0.001
MAXlMUM INPUTOVERLOAD:
Transiant:1QQQvoltsforupto3secondsusinga Keithley
(or other 10 mA limited) High Voltage Supply.
Continuous:6QQvoltson3 Y 10'llto Wampere ranges.
decreasing to 12 volts on the 1Q'2 ampere range.
RECORDEROUTPUT:
Output: *I volt or 1 milliampere for fullxale meter
deflection. Output polarity i* opposite input polarity.
Noise: Less than 1% of full scale peak.to-peak on 10'"
to 10'" ampere ranges. increasing to 5To peak-ta-
peak on 3 x llT~`ampere range.
CONNECTORS: Input: Teflon.insulatod UHF type.
Output: Amphenol 8QPCZF.
POWER: 105.125 or 210.250 volts (switch selected). 50.60
Hz, 5 watts.
DIMENSIONS, WEIGHT: 5%" high x 8%" wide x 10" deep;
net weight. 10 pounds.
ACCESSORIES SUPPLIED: Mating-input and output
Con"ector*.




iv 1274
CN410A-4 Sheet I of I
0776



KEITHLEY INSTRUMENTS. I No C


INSTRUCTION MANUAL
CHANGE NOTICE
MODEL 4lOA PICOAMMETER



INTRODUCTION: Since Keithley Instruments is continually improving pro-
duct performance and reliability, it is often necessary to make changes
to Instruction Manuals to reflect these improvements. Also, errors in
Instruction Manuals occasionally occur that require changes. Sometimes,
due to printing lead time and shipping requirements, we can't get these
changes immediately into printed Manuals. The following new change in-
formation is supplied as a supplement to this Manual in order to provide
the user with the latest improvements and corrections in the shortest
possible time. Many users will transfer this change information directly
to a Manual to minimize user error. All changes or additions are indi-
cated in italics.

CHANGES :
PAGE I9

Q103 PNP, Case R-110 F-I Sl7638 1"G-33 7
Q104 PNP, Case R-110 F-I 527638 T&33 7
+`:;Replace QIOI, QIOZ or RI16 by ordering Plug-in board 23733.
SECTION 1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION



l-1. GENERAL. b. The time and temperature stability of the Model
410A Picoamneter is excellent. The Model 410.4 will
a. The Keithley Model 410A is a sensitive, complete- operate for days without requiring rezeroing. Zera
ly solid-state picoammeter which measures currents over drift with time is less than 0.5% of full scale per
20 ranges from 10-3 to 3 x 10-13 ampere full scale. week. Temperature drift is equally small - a change
accuracy is b% of full scale on the lo-3 to 10-B am- of 10