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XYZs of Oscilloscopes
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Table of Contents The.Systems.and.Controls.of.an.Oscilloscope.....19.-.32
Vertical System and Controls ..........................................20
Introduction..................................................................... 4 Position and Volts per Division ...................................20
Input Coupling ...........................................................20
Signal.Integrity. ..........................................................5.-.6
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Bandwidth Limit ........................................................20
The Significance of Signal Integrity ....................................5
Bandwidth Enhancement ..........................................21
Why is Signal Integrity a Problem? ....................................5
Horizontal System and Controls ......................................21
Viewing the Analog Origins of Digital Signals .....................6
Acquisition Controls ..................................................21
The.Oscilloscope. ....................................................7.-.12
. Acquisition Modes .....................................................21
Understanding Waveforms and Waveform Common horizontal controls include:.........................21
Measurements ..................................................................7 Types of Acquisition Modes .......................................22
Types of Waves .................................................................8 Starting and Stopping the Acquisition System ...........22
Sine Waves .................................................................9 Sampling ...................................................................23
Square and Rectangular Waves...................................9 Sampling Controls .....................................................23
Sawtooth and Triangle Waves......................................9 Real-time Sampling Method ......................................23
Step and Pulse Shapes ...............................................9 Equivalent-time Sampling Method .............................25
Periodic and Non-periodic Signals ...............................9 Position and Seconds per Division.............................27
Synchronous and Asynchronous Signals .....................9 Time Base Selections ................................................27
Complex Waves ........................................................10 Zoom/Pan .................................................................27
Waveform Measurements ...............................................11 Search ......................................................................27
Frequency and Period ...............................................11 XY Mode ...................................................................27
Voltage ......................................................................11 Z Axis ........................................................................27
Amplitude ..................................................................11 XYZ Mode with DPO and XYZ Record Display ...........27
Phase ........................................................................11 Trigger System and Controls ...........................................28
Waveform Measurements with Digital Oscilloscopes..12 Trigger Position..........................................................30
Trigger Level and Slope .............................................30
The.Types.of.Oscilloscopes...................................13.-.18
Trigger Modes ...........................................................31
Digital Storage Oscilloscopes ..........................................13
Trigger Coupling ........................................................31
Digital Phosphor Oscilloscopes .......................................15
Trigger Holdoff ...........................................................31
Mixed Domain Oscilloscopes ..........................................17
Display System and Controls ..........................................32
Mixed Signal Oscilloscopes .............................................17
Other Oscilloscope Controls............................................32
Digital Sampling Oscilloscopes........................................18
Math and Measurement Operations ..........................32
Digital Timing and State Acquisitions .........................32
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XYZs of Oscilloscopes
The.Complete.Measurement.System....................33.-.36 Operating.the.Oscilloscope...................................44.-.45
Probes ............................................................................33 Proper Grounding ...........................................................44
Passive Probes ...............................................................34 Setting the Controls ........................................................44
Active and Differential Probes ..........................................35 Calibrating the Instrument ...............................................45
Logic Probes...................................................................35 Connecting the Probes ...................................................45
Specialty Probes .............................................................36 Compensating the Probes ..............................................45
Probe Accessories ..........................................................36
Oscilloscope.Measurement.Techniques...............47.-.48
Performance.Terms.and.Considerations. .............36.-.43
. Voltage Measurements ....................................................47
Bandwidth ......................................................................36 Time and Frequency Measurements ...............................48
Rise Time ........................................................................37 Pulse Width and Rise Time Measurements .....................48
Sample Rate ...................................................................38 Phase Shift Measurements..............................................49
Waveform Capture Rate ..................................................39 Other Measurement Techniques ......................................49
Record Length ................................................................39
Written.Exercises...................................................50.-.55
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Triggering Capabilities .....................................................40
Part I
Effective Bits ...................................................................40
A: Vocabulary Exercise ..............................................50
Frequency Response ......................................................40
B: Application Exercise ..............................................51
Vertical Sensitivity ............................................................40
Part II
Sweep Speed .................................................................40
A: Vocabulary Exercise ..............................................52
Gain Accuracy ................................................................40
B: Application Exercise ..............................................53
Horizontal Accuracy (Time Base) .....................................40
Answer Key.....................................................................55
Vertical Resolution (Analog-to-Digital Converter) ..............40
Timing Resolution (MSO) .................................................41 Glossary..................................................................56.-.59
Connectivity ....................................................................41
Expandability...................................................................41
Ease-of-Use ....................................................................43
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Introduction Light Source
Nature moves in the form of a sine wave, be it an ocean
wave, earthquake, sonic boom, explosion, sound through
air, or the natural frequency of a body in motion. Energy,
vibrating particles and other invisible forces pervade our
physical universe. Even light