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COBOL User1s Guide
for the Lisa'IM




029-0306-A
LIcensing RE!(JJlrements for SOftware DeVelopers
Apple has a low-cost lIcensing program, WhiCh permits developers of software
for the Lisa to Incorporate Apple-developed libraries and Object COde fUes
Into their prOdUCts. Both In-hOuse and external distribUtion require a Ucense.
Before distribUting any prOdUcts that Incorporate Apple software, please
contact SOftware Licensing at the address below for both licensIng and
technIcal Information.




@1983 by Apple Computer, Inc.
20525 MarIanI Avenue
CUperUno, California 95014
(408) 996-1010
CUStomer satlSfaCtloo
If you discover physical defects in the manuals distribUted with a Lisa
product or in the media on which a software product is distributed, Apple will
replace the documentation or media at no charge to you dUring the 90-day
period after you purchased the product.

ProWct Revisions
Llnless you have purchased the prodUct update service available through your
authorized Usa dealer.. Apple cannot guarantee that you wlll receive notice of
a revision to the software described in this manual, even If you have returned
a registration card receIved wIth the prOduct. You shoUld check perIodically
with your authoriZed Usa dealer.

Llmltatloo on Warrmtles cnj Llcmlllty
All Implled warranties concernIng this manual and medIa, inclUding Implled
warranties of merchantabll1ty and fitness for a particular purpose, are lImited
In dUration to ninety (90) days from the date of origina~ retail purchase of
thIs prOdUct.
Even thOUgh Apple haS tested the software descrIbed In thIs manual and
revIewed its contents, neither Apple nor Its software suppl1ers make any
warranty or representation.. either express or Implled.. with respect to thIs
manual or to the software desCrIbed In this manual, their quality,
performance.. merchantabllity.. or fitness for any particular purpose. p.s a
result, this software and manual are sold "as Is," and you the purchaser are
assumIng the entire riSk as to their qualIty and performance.
In no event will Apple or Its software suppliers be liable for dIrect, indIrect,
speCial, Incidental, or consequential damages resulting from any defect In the
software or manual, even If they have been adVised of the possIbility of suCh
damages. In particular, they shall have no llability for any programs or data
stored In or used wIth Apple prOdUcts, inclUdIng the costs of recovering or
reprOdUcIng these programs or data
The warranty and remedIes set forth abOve are exclusIve and In lIeu of all
others, oral or wrItten, express or ImplIed. No Apple dealer, agent or
employee Is authOrized to make any modIfication, extension or addition to this
warranty.
Some states do not allow the exclusion or limitation of impUed warranties OJ
liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or
exclusion may not apply to you. This warranty gives you specific legal rights,
and you may also have other rights that vary from state to state.




iii
License em Cq)yr1~t
thIs manual and the software (computer programs) deScrIbed in It are
copyrIghted by Apple or by Apple's software suppliers, with all rights
reserved, crld they are covered by the LIsa SOftware LIcense Agreement
signed by each Lisa owner. lJnder the copyright laws and the License
Agreement, this manual or the programs may not be copied, in Whole or in
part, withoUt the written consent of Apple, except in the normal use of the
software or to make a bacKup copy. This exception ooes not allow copIes to
be macIe for others, Whether or not sold, but all of the material purchased
(with all baCKup copIes) may be sold, given, or loaned to other persons if they
agree to be bOund by the provisions of the LIcense Agreement copying
inclUdes translating into another language or format
You may use the software on any computer owned by you, but extra copIes
cannot be macJe for thIs purpose. For some prodUcts, a multiuse l1cense may
oe purcnasecJ to allow the software to be used on more than one computer
OWned by the purChaser, inclUding a Shared-diSk system. (contact your
authOrized LIsa dealer for more Information on multiuse llcenses.)




e> 1983 by Apple Computer, Inc.
20525 Mariani AVenJe
CUpertino, cal1fomla 95014
(408) 996-1010



~ple, LIsa, and the ~le logo are trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc.

Simultaneously publlShed in the USA and Ganada
ReorOOr Apple ProcJUct #I A600104 (complete COBOL package)
# A6L0113 (Maruals only)




1v
COBOL Is crl IndUStry lmguage and Is not the property of any cornpcrly or
group of companIes, or of any organIzation or group of organIzations.
No warranty, expressed or Implled, Is made by any contribUtor or by the
COOASYL ProgrammIng Language Committee as to the accuracy and
functioning of the programmIng system and language. Moreover, no
responslbllIty Is assumed by any contribUtor, or by the committee, In
connection herewith.
The authors and copyright holders of the copyrighted material used herein:
FLOW-MATIC (Trademark for Sperry Rand corporation) Programming for
the lJnivac(R) I and II, Data Automation Systems copyrighted 1958, 1959,
by Sperry Rand COrporation; IBM commercial Translator Form No.
F2S-S013, copyrighted 1959 by IBM; FACT, DS127A5260-2760, copyrighted
1960 by Mlmeapolls-Honeywell.
have specifically authorIzed the use of this material, in whole or in part, in
the COBOL specifications. SUCh authorization extends to the reproduction
and use of COBOL specifications in programming manuals or similar
publications.
C) 1983 by Apple Computer, Inc.
20525 Mariani Avenue
CUpertino, CA 95014

C) 1982 by Micro FOCUS, Ltd.
58, Acacia Road
SL Johns WoOd
London NW8 6AG




v
Contents

Chapter 1
IntJ"()(l