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Table of Contents
CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set
General Safety Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxv
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxix
Getting Started
Product Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1
Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
Standard Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2
Optional Accessories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3
Navigation through Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
First Time Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
Installing the Accessory Pouch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 7
Setting Up the CTS 850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 11
Turning On the CTS 850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 13
Turning Off the CTS 850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 14
Operating Basics
Functional Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1
Front-Panel Controls, Indicators, and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2
Rear-Panel Controls and Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
Front-Panel Status Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4
Reading the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
The Basic Menu Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
What is a Menu? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 10
Selecting Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 12
Selecting Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13
Displaying Help . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14
Connecting Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 15
Connecting Optical Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 15
Connecting SDH Electrical Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16
Connecting PDH Electrical Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16
Initiating Autoscan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 16
Changing Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 17
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Selecting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 17
Selecting from Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 18
Changing Decimal Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 19
Changing Binary Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 21
Entering Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 22
Working with the Disk Drive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 25
Reading Files on Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 26
Synchronous, Plesiochronous, Asynchronous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 27
Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 28
Anomaly, Defect, Failure, Alarm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 29
SDH Multiplexing Principles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 29
Difference in Telecommunications Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 32
45 Mbit/s Map/Demap Implementation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 33
Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 35
Before Turning On the CTS 850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 36
Setting Transmit Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 37
Setting Receive Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 38
Setting the Test Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 39
Where Test Results Are Displayed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 39
Begin the Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 41
Inserting Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 42
Adjusting Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 44
Viewing Section Overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 49
Editing the Section Overhead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 50
Viewing Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 52
Reference
Basic Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
Setting Up the CTS 850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1
Network Continuity Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2
Transmission Signal Quality Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
Measuring Bit Error Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3
Testing Mapping and Demapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6
Fault Tolerance Checking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9
Response to Errors and Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 9
Response to Pointer Movements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 14
Response to Line Frequency Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 17
Performance Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 19
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Jitter/Wander Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 23
Testing Jitter Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 23
Testing Clock-to-Line Jitter Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 28
Video Timing Quality Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 31
Material below this line appears only in reference manual on CD
Setting Test Control Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 33
Setting the Test Time Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 33
Setting a Unique Test Time Duration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 34
Setting the History Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 36
Starting and Stopping a Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 37
Making Changes While Running a Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 38
Actions You Cannot Perform While Running a Test . . . . . . 3 38
Working with Test Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 41
Saving and Recalling Instrument Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 41
Saving Instrument Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 42
Recalling Instrument Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 44
Recalling the Default Factory Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 45
Deleting Instrument Setups from Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 46
Pass/Fail Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 47
Parameters of a Pass/Fail Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 47
Fail If Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 48
Creating a Pass/Fail Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 52
Running a Pass/Fail Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 57
Changing an Existing Pass/Fail Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 59
Deleting a Pass/Fail Test from Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 60
Checking Signal Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 63
Viewing Signal Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 63
Viewing the Payload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 64
Determining the Payload Pattern and Framing . . . . . . . . . . . 3 65
Printing the AutoScan Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 66
Viewing the Signal State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 66
Extended Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 69
Setting the Beeper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 69
Setting SDH Transmit Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 71
Steps for Setting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 72
Setting the Transmit Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 72
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Independent Transmit and Receive Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 73
Coupling Transmit and Receive Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 73
Through Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 75
Setting the Transmit Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 77
Setting the Line Clock Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 78
Setting the Transmit Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 78
Specifying the AU to Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 79
Setting the SDH Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 80
TU Under Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 82
Setting TU Background Fill . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 82
Setting SDH Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 83
Setting Payload Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 84
Setting Test Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 85
Setting the Tx/Rx Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 87
Mapping a PDH Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 87
Setting the Test Pattern (User selectable) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 90
Setting Overhead Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 91
How to Edit an Overhead Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 91
Editing the VC4, VC3, and VC12 Overhead Bytes . . . . . . . 3 94
Bytes You Cannot Edit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 95
Editing the J1 Path Trace Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 97
Adding DCC and User Channel Overhead Bytes . . . . . . . . . 3 99
Trace Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 102
Signal Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 104
Overhead PRBS Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 105
Setting PDH Transmit Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 107
Steps for Setting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 107
Selecting 64k Tx Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 108
Setting the Transmit Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 109
Independent Transmit and Receive Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 109
Coupling Transmit and Receive Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 110
Viewing the Transmit Line Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 112
Setting the Transmit Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 112
Setting the Line Clock Offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 113
Specifying Payload and Payload Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 114
Specifying the Test Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 116
Setting Jitter or Wander Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 118
Setting SDH Receive Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 119
Steps for Setting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 119
Setting the Receive Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 120
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Independent Receive and Transmit Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 121
Coupling Receive and Transmit Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 121
Specifying the AU to Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 123
Setting the SDH Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 124
TU Under Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 125
Setting the Payload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 126
Setting the Test Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 127
Selecting Active Channel Selection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 128
Selecting the Payload Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 128
Selecting Tx/Rx Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 129
Selecting Signal Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 130
Checking Received Optical Power or Received Peak Voltage . . 3 132
Selecting Analysis Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 133
Demapping a PDH Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 135
Dropping a PDH Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 138
Viewing Overhead Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 139
Viewing Section Overhead Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 139
Viewing Path Overhead Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 140
Displaying the J1 Path Trace Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 140
Displaying the J2 Path Trace Message . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 141
Displaying the V5 Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 141
Dropping DCC and User Channel Overhead Bytes . . . . . . . 3 142
Controlling the Display Update . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 145
Setting PDH Receive Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 147
Steps for Setting Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 147
Selecting 64k Rx Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 148
Setting the Receive Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 149
Independent Receive and Transmit Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 150
Coupling Receive and Transmit Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 150
Setting the Receive Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 152
Setting Payload and Payload Framing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 152
Specifying the Test Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 153
Specifying the Payload Drop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 155
Selecting Rx CAS and Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 156
Setting Jitter Receive Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 157
Setting Jitter/Wander Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 159
Jitter/Wander Working with Test Setups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 159
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Setting Up a Jitter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 160
Saving and Recalling Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 169
Printing Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 169
Exporting Results into a Document . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 169
Setting Jitter or Wander Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 170
Turning on Jitter or Wander Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 171
Selecting the Jitter Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 172
Setting the Jitter Frequency and Amplitude . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 173
Measure Wander on 2 MHz clock input from NE . . . . . . . . 3 174
Setting Jitter Receive Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 175
Selecting the Jitter Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 176
Selecting the Input Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 176
Selecting the Jitter Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 177
Selecting the Jitter Input Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 177
Setting the Jitter Hit Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 179
Setting the Pointer Hit Threshold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 180
Examples of Jitter Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 181
Examples of Wander Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 182
Calibrating Jitter Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 183
Executing Jitter Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 184
Setting Alarms and Inserting Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 185
Simulating Error Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 186
Specifying the Error to Insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 187
Inserting Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 187
Setting Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 190
Simulating Transmit Failures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 191
PDH Defect and Anomaly Insertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 192
Setting Pointers and Changing Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 195
Setting Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 195
Manual Pointer Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 196
Continuous Pointer Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 201
Changing Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 203
Generating Pointer Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 206
Starting Pointer Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 212
Starting Pointer Sequences with Tributary Offset . . . . . . . . 3 216
Testing Automatic Protection Switching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 217
Setting the APS Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 217
Setting the K1 Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 218
Setting the K2 Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 222
Transmitting the K1 and K2 Bytes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 227
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Viewing the Network Response to APS Commands . . . . . . . . . 3 228
Viewing Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 229
G.826, M.2101.1, M.2100 and G.821 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 229
Viewing a Summary of Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 230
Viewing Detailed Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 231
Displaying an Analysis of Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 237
Viewing Measurement Histories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 243
Types of Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 243
Elements of the History Graph Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 248
Graph Name . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 248
History Resolution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 248
Power Out Indicator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 248
Measurement Results at Cursor Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 249
Zooming History Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 250
Panning History Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 251
Changing the Displayed History Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 252
Displaying Mini-Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 252
Saving and Recalling Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 253
Saving Test Results to Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 253
Recalling Test Results from Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 256
Deleting Test Results from Disk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 257
Recalling Test Results from Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 258
Printing Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 258
Printing Main Results or Error Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 258
Printing History Graphs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 260
Changing Instrument Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 261
Viewing the Instrument Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 261
Setting the Display Brightness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 262
Turning the Beeper On and Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 263
Setting the Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 264
Setting the Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 264
Changing the Printer Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 265
Specifying the Printer or File Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 266
Setting RS-232 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 266
Setting the Print User & Company Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 268
Setting Remote Control Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 268
Setting the GPIB Address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 269
Setting RS-232 Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 270
Running Instrument Self Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 272
CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xi
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Appendices
Appendix A: Menu Maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 1
Appendix B: Status and Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B 1
Appendix C: Default Factory Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 1
Appendix D: Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 1
Appendix E: Incoming Inspection Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 1
Appendix F: Example Disk Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F 1
Appendix G: Rear-Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 1
VGA Video Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 2
GPIB Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 3
RS-232 Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 3
Calibration Signal Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 4
Overhead Add/Drop Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 4
External Clock Input (2 Mb/s or 2 MHz) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 7
Handset Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 8
Jitter Inputs and Outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 9
BITS OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 9
J/CLK IN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 9
J/CLK OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 9
ANALOG OUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 10
Appendix H: Changing Optical Port Connectors . . . . . . . . . H 1
Appendix I: Packing for Shipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 1
Appendix J: Telecommunications Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . J 1
Basic SDH Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 1
PDH Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 2
Asynchronous Multiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 6
PDH Multiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 9
G.826, M.2101.1, M.2100 and G.821 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 10
Jitter & Wander Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 16
Principles & Metrics of Jitter & Wander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 20
Appendix K: Cleaning Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K 1
Glossary and ITU TStandards
Index
xii CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual
Table of Contents
List of Figures
Figure 1 1: Installing the Accessory Pouch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 8
Figure 1 2: Inserting the Pouch Under the Front
Panel Trim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 9
Figure 1 3: Location of the D-Ring on the Accessory Pouch 1 10
Figure 1 4: Rear-Panel Controls and Connectors
Used in Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 12
Figure 1 5: ON/STBY Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 14
Figure 2 1: Controls Located Around the Display . . . . . . . . 2 2
Figure 2 2: Front-Panel Controls, Indicators, and
Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 3
Figure 2 3: Rear-Panel Controls and Connectors . . . . . . . . 2 4
Figure 2 4: Status Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5
Figure 2 5: Major Areas of the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6
Figure 2 6: Specific Elements of the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 7
Figure 2 7: The Five Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 9
Figure 2 8: Menus and Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 11
Figure 2 9: Menu Select Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 12
Figure 2 10: How to Display a Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 13
Figure 2 11: Help Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 14
Figure 2 12: Selecting a Parameter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 17
Figure 2 13: Selecting Choices From a List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 18
Figure 2 14: Selecting USER DEFINED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 19
Figure 2 15: Entering a Numeric Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 20
Figure 2 16: Selecting a Byte for Editing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 21
Figure 2 17: Editing a Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 22
Figure 2 18: Selecting a Text String for Editing . . . . . . . . . . 2 23
Figure 2 19: Editing a Text String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 24
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Figure 2 20: PDH multiplexing by steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 28
Figure 2 21: SDH multiplexing hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 31
Figure 2 22: Setup for the Tutorial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 36
Figure 2 23: The TRANSMIT SETTINGS Page of
the TRANSMIT Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 37
Figure 2 24: The TEST CONTROL Page of the
UTILITY Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 39
Figure 2 25: The TEST SUMMARY Page of the
RESULTS Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 40
Figure 2 26: The MAIN RESULTS Page of the
RESULTS Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 41
Figure 2 27: The Message Line and Test Status Indicator . . 2 42
Figure 2 28: The Defects & Anomalies Page of
the TRANSMIT Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 43
Figure 2 29: Example of POINTERS & TIMING Page of
the TRANSMIT Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 45
Figure 2 30: Adjusting Frequency Offset Using the Knob . . 2 48
Figure 2 31: The SECTION OVERHEAD Page of
the TRANSMIT Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 49
Figure 2 32: The Display in Edit Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 51
Figure 2 33: The TEST SUMMARY Page of the
RESULTS Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 53
Figure 2 34: The MAIN RESULTS Page of the
RESULTS Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 54
Figure 3 1: Setup to Check Network Continuity . . . . . . . . . 3 2
Figure 3 2: Setup to Check a Transmission Link . . . . . . . . . 3 4
Figure 3 3: Setup to Test Mapping and Demapping . . . . . . . 3 7
Figure 3 4: Setup to Check Error and Alarm Response . . . 3 10
Figure 3 5: Setup to Check Pointer Movements . . . . . . . . . . 3 15
Figure 3 6: Setup to Check Line Frequency Offset
Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 17
Figure 3 7: Setup to Monitor Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 20
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Figure 3 8: Setup to Check Onset-of-Errors
Jitter Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 24
Figure 3 9: Setup to Check 1 dB Power Penalty
Jitter Tolerance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 26
Figure 3 10: Setup to Check Clock-to-Line
Jitter Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 29
Figure 3 11: Setup to Check Video Timing Quality . . . . . . . 3 31
Material below this line appears only in reference manual on CD
Figure 3 12: The Test Control Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 34
Figure 3 13: Setting a USER DEFINED Test Duration . . . . 3 35
Figure 3 14: Elapsed Time and Bar Graph Indicators . . . . . 3 38
Figure 3 15: The SAVE INSTRUMENT SETUPS Page . . . . 3 43
Figure 3 16: The RECALL INSTRUMENT
SETUPS Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 45
Figure 3 17: Selecting a Disk File for Deleting . . . . . . . . . . . 3 46
Figure 3 18: The SAVE PASS/FAIL TESTS Page . . . . . . . . 3 47
Figure 3 19: Entering Fail If Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 55
Figure 3 20: The TEST BEGIN Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 58
Figure 3 21: Selecting a Pass/Fail Test for Deleting . . . . . . . 3 61
Figure 3 22: The AUTOSCAN Dialog Box Showing
Signal Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 64
Figure 3 23: Viewing Tributary Signal Structure . . . . . . . . . 3 65
Figure 3 24: The Meaning of the Icons in the
Autoscan Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 66
Figure 3 25: Front-Panel Status Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 67
Figure 3 26: Transmit Settings Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 71
Figure 3 27: Sequence for Setting SDH Signal
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 72
Figure 3 28: Sequence for Setting SDH Signal
Parameters When Mapping a PDH Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 72
Figure 3 29: SDH Transmit Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 74
Figure 3 30: CTS 850 in Through Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 76
CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xv
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Figure 3 31: Choosing TU Under Test from SDH Structure 3 80
Figure 3 32: Choosing VC 4c from SDH Structure . . . . . . . 3 81
Figure 3 33: Choosing SDH Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 83
Figure 3 34: Mapping a Tributary Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 87
Figure 3 35: Editing the User Word Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 91
Figure 3 36: Editing the S1 Section Overhead Byte . . . . . . . 3 93
Figure 3 37: Editing an Overhead Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 94
Figure 3 38: Editing the J1 Path Trace Byte . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 99
Figure 3 39: Adding Data into the DCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 101
Figure 3 40: Adding Data into the User Channel . . . . . . . . . 3 102
Figure 3 41: Choosing Trace Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 103
Figure 3 42: Choosing Signals Labels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 104
Figure 3 43: Choosing Overhead PRBS Test . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 105
Figure 3 44: Sequence for Setting PDH Signal
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 107
Figure 3 45: Sequence for Setting PDH Signal Parameters
when mapping a PDH Signal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 107
Figure 3 46: TX Settings from Transmit Setting Menu . . . . 3 108
Figure 3 47: PDH Transmit Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 110
Figure 3 48: Editing the User Word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 117
Figure 3 49: Sequence for Setting SDH Signal
Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 120
Figure 3 50: Sequence for Setting SDH Signal
Parameters When Demapping a PDH Signal . . . . . . . . . . 3 120
Figure 3 51: SDH Receive Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 121
Figure 3 52: Example of SDH Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 124
Figure 3 53: Signal Status, Payload Frequency menu . . . . . 3 130
Figure 3 54: Analysis Config, Round Trip Delay Offset . . . . 3 131
Figure 3 55: RX CAS & Voice, Receive Settings Menu . . . . 3 133
Figure 3 56: Setting PDH Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 135
xvi CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual
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Figure 3 57: J1 Path Trace Message Received by
the CTS 850 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 142
Figure 3 58: Dropping Data from the DCC . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 143
Figure 3 59: Dropping the User Channel Data Byte . . . . . . 3 144
Figure 3 60: Sequence for Setting PDH Signal
Parameters (non demuxed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 147
Figure 3 61: Sequence for Setting PDH Signal Parameters
when demultiplexing a PDH Signal (demuxed) . . . . . . . . 3 147
Figure 3 62: 64k RX Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 148
Figure 3 63: PDH Signal Receive Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 150
Figure 3 64: RX CAS & Voice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 156
Figure 3 65: Example of TEST SETUP Jitter & Wander . . 3 160
Figure 3 66: Example of TEST SETUP, BER Method . . . . . 3 164
Figure 3 67: Example of TRANSMIT, Jitter menu . . . . . . . 3 170
Figure 3 68: RECEIVE, Setting Jitter Mode,
Peak to Peak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 175
Figure 3 69: Jitter High Pass Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 178
Figure 3 70: RESULTS, Jitter and Timing Quality . . . . . . . 3 181
Figure 3 71: RESULTS, Wander and Line Frequency . . . . . 3 182
Figure 3 72: Example of UTILITY, Calibration . . . . . . . . . . 3 183
Figure 3 73: Example of Transmit, Defects & Anomalies . . 3 186
Figure 3 74: Set Anomaly, Defect, Failure layer
in the Mux chain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 193
Figure 3 75: Manual Pointer Control Choices . . . . . . . . . . . 3 196
Figure 3 76: Alternating Burst Pointer Movement . . . . . . . . 3 198
Figure 3 77: Incrementing Pointer Location Once
Every Two Milliseconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 203
Figure 3 78: Offsetting the Transmit Rate by +4.6 ppm . . . 3 205
Figure 3 79: The Three Periods of a Pointer Sequence . . . . 3 206
Figure 3 80: An Example of a Pointer Sequence . . . . . . . . . . 3 207
Figure 3 81: Status Display While Pointer Sequences are
Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 215
CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xvii
Table of Contents
Figure 3 82: Example, Pointer Sequence (Trib Offset) . . . . 3 216
Figure 3 83: The APS COMMANDS Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 218
Figure 3 84: The RECEIVE Column on the APS
COMMANDS Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 228
Figure 3 85: The Test Summary Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 231
Figure 3 86: Results, SDH Path Defects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 233
Figure 3 87: Results, PDH Anomalies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 233
Figure 3 88: Results, SDH Pointers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 234
Figure 3 89: Results, SDH G.826 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 234
Figure 3 90: Results, PDH G.826 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 235
Figure 3 91: Results, SDH M.2101.1 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 235
Figure 3 92: Results, PDH M.2100 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 236
Figure 3 93: Results, G.821 Pattern Bit Analysis . . . . . . . . . 3 236
Figure 3 94: Bar Graphs Showing Code Violations
and Errored Seconds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 244
Figure 3 95: Line Graph Showing Pointer Value . . . . . . . . . 3 245
Figure 3 96: On/Off Graphs Showing Failures
and Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 246
Figure 3 97: Elements of a History Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 249
Figure 3 98: Changing the Displayed History Graph . . . . . 3 253
Figure 3 99: The SAVE RESULTS Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 255
Figure 3 100: The RECALL RESULTS Page . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 257
Figure 3 101: The PRINT CONTROL Dialog Box . . . . . . . . 3 259
Figure 3 102: The MISC SETTINGS Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 263
Figure 3 103: The PRINTER SETUP Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 265
Figure 3 104: The REMOTE CONTROL Page . . . . . . . . . . 3 270
Figure E 1: Front-Panel Status Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 1
Figure G 1: CTS 850 Rear Panel Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . G 1
Figure G 2: The VGA Video Output Connector . . . . . . . . . . G 2
Figure G 3: The RS-232 Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 3
xviii CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual
Table of Contents
Figure G 4: The Overhead Add/Drop Port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 5
Figure H 1: Removing the Optical Bulkhead Connector . . . H 2
Figure H 2: FC Optical Bulkhead Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . H 3
Figure H 3: ST Optical Bulkhead Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . H 3
Figure H 4: DIN 47256 Optical Bulkhead Assembly . . . . . . H 4
Figure H 5: SC Optical Bulkhead Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . H 4
Figure J 1: Pulse Code Modulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 3
Figure J 2: Time Division Multiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 4
Figure J 3: Bit & Byte Interleaving . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 5
Figure J 4: Higher Order Multiplexing Hierarchy . . . . . . . J 6
Figure J 5:Multiplexing and Digital Transmission . . . . . . . . J 7
Figure J 6: Asynchronous Multiplexing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 8
Figure J 7: PDH Multiplexing by steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 9
Figure J 8: Guaranteeing G.821 Service Quality . . . . . . . . . J 13
Figure J 9: Simple SDH/PDH network model . . . . . . . . . . . J 17
Figure J 10: Jitter as viewed on an oscilloscope . . . . . . . . . . J 20
Figure J 11: Phase variation between two signals . . . . . . . . J 21
Figure J 12: Frequency ranges of jitter and wander . . . . . . J 21
Figure J 13: Example of TIE wander measurement . . . . . . J 23
Figure J 14: Functional definition of MTIE . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 24
Figure J 15: Example of MTIE wander measurement . . . . . J 25
Figure J 16: Functional definition of TDEV . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 25
Figure J 17: Example of TDEV wander measurement . . . . J 26
CTS 850 SDH/PDH Test Set User Manual xix
Table of Contents
List of Tables
Table 1 1: Where to find Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 4
Table 1 2: Fuse and Fuse Cap Part Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 12
Table 1 3: Power Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 13
Table 2 1: Icons that Appear in the Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 8
Table 2 2: CTS 850 Disk File Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 25
Table 2 3: SDH Multiplexing Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 31
Table 3 1: LTE Responses to Errors and Alarms . . . . . . . . 3 10
Material below this line appears only in reference manual on CD
Table 3 2: Test Duration Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 36
Table 3 3: Actions You Cannot Perform While a
Test is Running . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 39
Table 3 4: Fail If Conditions of a Pass/Fail Test . . . . . . . . . . 3 50
Table 3 5: Green Status Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 67
Table 3 6: Red and Yellow Status Lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 68
Table 3 7: TX Rates and Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 84
Table 3 8: Payload Framing/ Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 84
Table 3 9: Test Patterns, Background Pattern . . . . . . . . . . . 3 85
Table 3 10: Choices for Bits 5, 6, and 7 of the V5 Byte . . . . 3 95
Table 3 11: Overhead Bytes That Cannot Be Edited . . . . . 3 95
Table 3 12: Bytes You Cannot Edit Due to
Parameter Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 96
Table 3 13: Transmit Trace Settings Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 102
Table 3 14: Transmit Overhead Testing Choices . . . . . . . . . 3 105
Table 3 15: 64k TX Setting Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 108
Table 3 16: PDH Rate Line Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 112
Table 3 17: RX Rates and Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 126
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Table 3 18: Payload Framing/ Source . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 127
Table 3 19: Test Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 127
Table 3 20: Signal Status Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 131
Table 3 21: Analysis Config Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 133
Table 3 22: 64k RX Settings choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 148
Table 3 23: RX CAS & Voice Choices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 157
Table 3 24: Maximum Error Rates for SDH Signals . . . . . . 3 188
Table 3 25: Maximum Error Rates for TU Mappings
and PDH signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 189
Table 3 26: Anomaly, Defect, Transmit Failure options . . . 3 193
Table 3 27: Pointer Sequences Generated . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 207
Table 3 28: Availability of Pointer Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . 3 211
Table 3 29: Status Lines for Pointer Sequences . . . . . . . . . 3 215
Table 3 30: Choices for Bits 1 4 of the K1 Byte
When Mode is Set to Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 219
Table 3 31: Choices for Bits 1 4 of the K1 Byte
When Mode is Set to Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 220
Table 3 32: Choices for Bits 5 8 of the K1 Byte . . . . . . . . . . 3 222
Table 3 33: Choices for Bits 1 4 of the K2 Byte . . . . . . . . . . 3 224
Table 3 34: Choices for Bit 5 of the K2 Byte When
Mode is Set to Span . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 225
Table 3 35: Choices for Bit 5 of the K2 Byte When
Mode is Set to Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 225
Table 3 36: Choices for Bits 6 8 of the K2 Byte . . . . . . . . . . 3 226
Table 3 37: Results Displayed on MAIN RESULTS Page . . 3 232
Table 3 38: SDH Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 237
Table 3 39: PDH Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 238
Table 3 40: Results Displayed on Jitter & Wander
RESULTS Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 239
Table 3 41: Error Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 240
Table 3 42: Performance Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 242
Table 3 43: Measurements Displayed as Bar Graphs . . . . . 3 244
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Table 3 44: Measurements Displayed as a Line Graph . . . . 3 246
Table 3 45: Measurements Displayed as On/Off
Graphs for SDH Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 247
Table 3 46: Measurements Displayed as On/Off
Graphs for PDH Rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 247
Table 3 47: Time Represented by Bars on
History Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 250
Table 3 48: Lines of Instrument Configuration Page . . . . . 3 261
Table C 1: Default Factory Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C 1
Table D 1: General CTS 850 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 1
Table D 2: 2 Mb/s, 34 Mb/s, 140 Mb/s,
TU12, TU3 Capabilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 13
Table D 3: Jitter and Wander . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 24
Table D 4: Environmental Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 32
Table D 5: Physical Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 34
Table D 6: Certifications and compliances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D 36
Table E 1: Required Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E 2
Table G 1: VGA Video Output Connector
Pin Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 2
Table G 2: RS-232 Rear Panel Connector
Pin Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 2
Table G 3: Overhead Channels Added ................ G 5
Table G 4: Overhead Channels Dropped .............. G 5
Table G 5: Overhead Add/Drop Port Data Signal
Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 6
Table G 6: Overhead Add/Drop Port Additional
Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 6
Table G 7: Overhead Add/Drop Additional
Pin Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 7
Table G 8: Handset Interace Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . G 8
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Table J 1: Non Synchronous Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 1
Table J 2: Synchronous Hierarchy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J 2
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