HP 5990-5800EN free download

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High-Accuracy Noise Figure Measurements Using the PNA-X Series Network Analyzer Application Note Table of Contents Overview of Noise Figure ... 3 What is noise figure? ... 3 Importance of noise figure accuracy ... 5 Noise Figure Measurement Techniques ... 6 Y-factor method ... 7 Cold source method ... 8 Accuracy Limitations ... 9 Assumptions of the Y-factor method ... 9 Noise figure measurement uncertainty contributions ... 10 PNA-X's Unique Approach ... 19 Option choices ... 19 Correcting for noise-parameter effects ... 21 Measurement comparisons of PNA-X and Y-factor method ... 23 Scalar noise calibration ... 30 Sweep considerations ... 31 Using the standard receivers for measuring noise figure ... 32 Noise-power parameters ... 38 Measuring frequency converters ... 38 Measuring differential devices... 40 Measuring noise parameters ... 42 Calibration Overview ... 43 Vector noise calibration ... 43 Standard receiver noise calibration ...