HP Scherer Low noise source design and test free download

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f t I Principles Test ethods Design and M jll Sources LowPhase *t Noise *icrowave Scherer Dieter RF&Mlcrowave Measurement Symposlum and Exhlt ltlon ftE SFTiif;T -1- Introduct'ion In an increasing number microv',ave of applications suchas satellite cormunications toa.tn radar, the -The dnO syitemdesignlegyires signal sources w'iththe lowestpottiUie pnase noile. intenl of th'is papefis to.give an overview of.bniia.ritions toi ttre designandtest of low phase noise sources. First, .o*on definitions and specifications frequencyof iiiUiiity are sf'own iefated io-eacnother. Then ana designprinciplesof iiw-pr,ai! noiseitnpriiiers, osciiiuiors andphase noisecharacteristics o f d i v i d e r s . " . i o u e . e d s - w e l la s t h e i r i n t e g r a t i o n n t o c r u c i a l b l o c k s a i of iynthesized signa] sources, phuse lock loops, and reference multiplica- lion. Finaily, mEthods measuring of phase noiseare compared' -2- Termi og.y nol r:l v ( t ) = V rco s l e n to t + A O(tlJ r epr esentsa signal with a linear ly gr owi ng p h a s eco mp o n e n t rfo t a n d a r andomly Z fluctuating ter m A0( t) , phasenois e. dq{ t) R e c a l l th a t r(t) = J Ther efor e,we can talk in ter ms of 2n dt p h a s efl u ctu a ti o n s o r i n ter m s of fr equencyfiuctuations to descr ibe one andthe same ignal. s S o m e o n ve n ti o n a te rms fo r char acter izingfr equencystability in the ti m e c l domain re: (seeFig. 1a) a - L o n gt e r m s t a b i l i t y , d e s c r i b i n gs l o w c h a n g e o f f r e q u e n c yi k e a g i n g . s l - S h o rt te rm sta b i l i ty, cover ingfr equencynoise and fluctuations wit fp r a nd o m e ri o d s sh o rte r than som e p minutes. al Time Domain laf(z)l lr I 1 sec I min